清华大学英语水平二常用词语与表达法.docx

清华大学英语水平二常用词语与表达法.docx

《清华大学英语水平二常用词语与表达法.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《清华大学英语水平二常用词语与表达法.docx（50页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

清华大学英语水平二常用词语与表达法

写作题型与篇章结构

写作从命题语言形式上可以分为三类：

1.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?

Peoplearenever

satisfiedwithwhattheyhave.Theyalwayswantsomethingmoreorsomethingdifferent.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyourposition.

该题型的篇章结构：

第一段：

引言（表明观点：

支持/反对）

第二段：

支持/反对理由一

第三段：

支持/反对理由二

（第四段：

支持/反对理由三）

第五段：

结论（归纳或重申观点）

2.Someschoolsencouragetheirstudentstotakepartinteamsports,suchasfootball,baseball,andbasketball.Otherschoolsplacegreateremphasisonsuchindividualsportsastennis,running,andswimming.Whichtypeofsportsprogram

wouldyourecommendforteenagers?

Usespecificreasonsandexamplesto

supportyouranswer.

该题型的篇章结构：

（1）第一段：

引言（用自己的语言解释命题，肯定两种观点的合理性）

第二段：

第一种观点的合理性

第三段：

第二种观点的合理性

第四段：

结论（自己的观点及两至三条理由或倾向于折中的观点）

（2）第一段：

引言（略提及自己反对的观点的合理性，转折后，明确表明自己支持的观点）

第二段：

自己支持的观点论据一

第三段：

自己支持的观点论据二

（第四段：

自己支持的观点论据三）

第五段：

结论（重申自己的观点）

3.Inventionssuchaseyeglassesandthesewingmachinehavehadanimportanteffectonyourlives.Chooseanotherinventionthatyouthinkisimportant.

specificreasonsforyourchoice.

该题型的篇章结构：

第一段：

弓I言（明确话题）

第二段：

讨论话题第一方面

第三段：

讨论话题第二方面

（第四段：

讨论话题第三方面）

第五段：

结论（总结前面提到的几个方面）

范文1:

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?

Televisionhashelpedimprovestandardsofeducation.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.

Give

foraisthe

Idisagreethattelevisionhashelpedimprovedstandardsofeducationnumberofreasons.Thefirstandprobablythemostimportantreasonprogramming.Aroundtheworlditismovies,sit-com,soapoperas,popmusicand

talkshowswhichdominateTVscreens.Theremaybenothingwrongwiththese,andtheyarecertainlypopularwithaudiences,butthecontentoftheseprogramshasnothelpedtomakepeoplebettereducated.

Typicaltelevisionprogramshavealsohadabadeffectonviewers?

Attention

span,thatis,onhowlongtheycanconcentrate.MostTVprogramsdonotrequire

muchconcentrationandyoungviewers,especially,getusedtothis.Education,ontheotherhand,doesrequireconcentrationandyoungpeoplefindthisincreasinglydifficult.

Anothercharacteristicoftelevisionisthatitencouragesapassiveattitudein

viewersinsteadofanactiveone.MostpopularTVprogramsencourageanuncriticalresponse,buteducationrequiresyoutothinkaboutwhatispresentedto

you,toreacttoitandinsomewaytomakeuseofit.Inaddition,passiveTV-watchinghasoftentakentheplaceofmoreactivepursuitssuchasreading,music,playingboardgamesandconversation,allofwhicharemoreeducationalthanatypicaleveningofTV.

Finally,itseemstobetruethattelevisionmakesitdifficultforviewers,

especiallyyoungones,todistinguishproperlybetweenfactandfiction.This

confusion,whichisreallyanotherkindofuncriticalresponse,againworksagainsteducationalprinciples.

Televisionhasdonemanygoodthings.ItentertainsIonely,oldandsickpeople;

itcertainlyhelpscountries'economiesbysellingproducts,andcanbeveryinformativebybringingnewsfromaroundthelocality,thecountryandtheworld

intopeoples'homes.However,bymakingpeoplepassiveanduncritical,televisionhasanegativeeffectoneducation.

范文2:

Therehavebeenmanyargumentsinrecentyearswhethernuclearenergy

shouldbeusedtogenerateelectricity.Doyouthinknuclearenergyshouldor

shouldnotbeusedforthispurposeinyourcountry?

Whichsidedoyouagreewith?

Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

Beforegivingmyopinion,Ithinkitisimportanttolookattheargumentson

bothsides.Peoplewhosupportusingnuclearenergytoproduceelectricityusuallygivesomeorallofthefollowingreasons.Thefirstargumentisthatitispotentiallycheaperthananyotherway.Thesecondisthatotherwaysofproducingelectricityrequirenonrenewableresources,suchascoalandoil,andonedaythesewillbe

usedup.This,theysay,isnotthecaseifweusenuclearenergy.Thethirdreasonismoreofapoliticalone:

somecountriesdonothavetherawmaterials,suchascoal,oilorwater,whichareneededtogenerateelectricityandsotheyhavetodependtoomuchonothercountries.

Peoplewhoattackusingnuclearenergyforgeneratingelectricitygenerallysay

thatitistoodangerous,bothnowandinthefuture.Theypointtoseverenuclearaccidents,suchasChernobyl,andsomeothersintheUnitedStates,andsaythattheeffectsaresobadthattheriskofanaccident,eveniftheriskisverysmall,isnotworthwhile.Theyalsooftensaythattherewillbeproblemsinthefutureofhowtostorethedangerouswastefromoldnuclearpowerstations,whichcanbedeadlyforthousandsofyears.

Asfarasmyowncountryisconcerned,Ibelievetherearetwomainreasons

whyitshouldnottrytousenuclearenergyatthistime.Firstly,wehaveplentyofoil

andhydroelectricenergyfromwhichtogenerateelectricity.Secondly,ifcountries

liketheUnitedStatesandRussiacansuffernuclearaccidents,itwouldbeverydifficulttoguaranteesafetyinmycountry.Furthermore,wehavemanybetterand

moreurgentthingstodowiththemoney.

常用词语与表达法

1.Introductory:

generallyspeaking,generally,asageneralrule,comparatively

speaking,comparatively,ingeneral,inasense,inonesense,inaway,tosomeextent,toacertaindegree,inmyopinion,inmyview,tomymind,asforme,asfar

asIamconcerned,onapersonallevel,atanindividuallevel,froma（personalandpsychological）perspective,insomecases,insomerespects,onalargerscale,atalocallevel,totaketheideafurther,totaketheabovepointtoanextreme,putting

thediscussioninawidercontext,followingthesamelineof…,traditionally,unfortunately,obviously,undoubtedly,practicallyspeaking,simplisticallyspeaking,economicallyspeaking,financiallyspeaking,intermsof,attheriskofsoundingtoocold,inaslightlycoldcalculation,attheriskofsoundingtoodirect.

2.Comparison:

similarly,likewise,inthesameway,equallyimportant,like,both-

and…，thesameas,（have…）incommon,inanotdissimilarway

3.Contrast:

onthecontrary,ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,otherwise,unlike,

insharpcontrast,whereas,ratherthan,conversely,instead,bycontrast

4.Exemplification:

forexample,forinstanee,asanexample,asacaseinpoint,as

anillustration,suchas,namely,thatis,like,say

5.Enumeraion:

first,second,inthefirstplace,initially,firstofall,tobeginwith,to

startwith,firstandforemost,inthesecondplace,next,also,besides,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,whatismore,beyondthat,foronething,foranother,finally,supremely,eventually

6.Cause:

because…，becauseof,as,since,for,owingto,dueto,onaccountof,asa

resultof

7.Concession:

although,nevertheless,however,but,yet,admittedly,itistrue•…but,

inspiteof,eventhough,grantedthat…，attheveryworse

8.Emphasis:

chiefly,especially,indeed,infact,certainly,particularly,tobesure,

actually,aboveall,surely,mostimportantofall,evenworse,nodoubt,needlessto

say,moreoftenthannot

9.Result:

thus,so,consequently,hence,therefore,accordingly,asaresult,forthis

reason,asaconsequenee,onthataccount,itfollowsthat…

10.Summary:

inconclusion,inshort,inbrief,insummary,onthewhole,finally,to

sumup,toconclude,inaword

常用句型

Argumentation

1、

Theideaof…isnotwithoutadvantages.

2、

Nonetheless,poundforpound,Ireckonthat…ismoreadvantageous.

3、

Myviewisthat

4、

Likewise,commonsensetellsusthat

5、

Manypeoplewouldclaimthat

6、

Ialsoseeamoreserousreasonforpreferringto

7、

A,bycontrast,isblessedwithadvantages.

8、

AnotherreasonwhyIwouldusuallyprefertoisthat

9、

Icanseethatmanyoftheadvantagesofseemobvious.

10、

Whatisalsoworthnoticingisthat

11、

Itmightalsobenotedthat

12、

Ifweturnourattentionto,weseethat

13、

Thereisnoevideneetosuggestthat

14、

Thechiefstrengthofis

15、

AfurtherreasonwhyIadvocateanattitudeofisthat

Exemplification

1.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationoftheideathantheexampleof

2.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationoftheviewthanthefactof

3.Numerousotherexamplesmightbegiveneasily,butthesewillsuffice.

4.wemayciteasingleexampleof

5.historypresentsmanyexamplesof

6.Thesituationisnotrare,itisoneofmanyexamplesIhaveencountered.

7.oneveryamusingexampleofthisis

Conclusion

1.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusion

that

2.Takingintoaccountallthesefactors,wemaysafelyreachtheconclusionthat…

3.Judgingfromalltheevideneeoffered,wemaysafelycometotheconclusion

that

4.Alltheevideneesupportsanunmistakableconclusionthat

5.Alltheanalysisjustifiesanunshakableviewthat

6.Alltheevideneeconfirmsasoundideathat

7.Personalexperieneeleadsmetotheconclusionthat

8.Iagreewiththeabovestatementbecauseitseemstomethat

9.Aboveall,Ihavesupportedthestatementthatitisbettertobecause

10.Tobefair,Imustownuptheadvantagethat,butIfirmlybelievethat

听力模拟题一

Question1-4

Completethenotesbelow.

WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.

NOTESONSOCIALPROGRAMME

ExampleAnswer

Numberoftripspermonth:

5

visitplaceswhichhave:

•historicalinterest

•good1

•2

Cost:

between£5.00and£15.00perperson

Note:

specialtripsorganizedforgroup