衡水金卷调研卷普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题英语四解析版.docx

衡水金卷调研卷普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题英语四解析版.docx

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衡水金卷调研卷普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题英语四解析版

（衡水金卷调研卷）2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题

英语四

第一部分阅读理解（百强校英语解析团队专供）（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Ifyouhavealongholidaytospend,wherecanyougo?

NikoiIsland,Indonesia

Lessthan85km–butsomehowawholeworldaway–fromSingapore’sshiningskylineliesNikoiIsland.Surroundedbywhitesandyshorelinesandvividcoralreefs,Nikoi’scentreishiddeninrainforest,resultinginamazingbiodiversityseeninitsnativeplants,animalsandbirdlife.MarryingtraditionalIndonesiancraftsmanshipwithcontemporarydesign,Nikoiboastsjust15stilted（建于支柱上的）beachhouses,allwithbreathtakingseaviews,guaranteeingprivacyandtotalescapefromthedailygrind.

Amanpulo,Philippines

TheonlypropertyonPamalicanIsland,theluxuriousAmanpuloresortoffersextremelyimpressiveaccommodation,withonlyaccesstooverfivekilometresofcleancoralsandbeach.DesignedtoresembleindigenousBahayKubohomes,Amanpulo’sbeachside,treetopandhillsidevillasallfeaturecomfortabledeckswithhammocks（吊床）fromwhichtoenjoythespectacularviewsofthegreenish-blueseabelow.FillyourschedulewithAmanpulo’ssignatureaquaticadventures（includingdiving,windsurfingandsailing）,rechargeintheaward-winningspaorfeastuponlocallycaughtseafood–thechoiceisyours.

SongSaa,Cambodia

SongSaa’sincredibleoceanviews,andbreathtakingsunsetsareaverytypicalexampleofpureparadise.Its24villas–eachwiththeirownsea-viewprivateplungepool–aredesignedtoreflectthenaturalbeautyofCambodia’scoastline;builtfromrecycledwoodwithstrawroofsanddriftwoodfurnishings,thesepresencesarestylishproofofSongSaa’sadmirablecommitmenttosustainability（持续）andconservation.Youcanchoosetodoasmuchoraslittleasyouwanthere,withrainforesttours,islandsafarisandreefsnorkellingjustsomeoftheactivitiesonofferthatshowcasethisspectaculardestination.

1.WhatcanweseeinthecenterofNikoi’sIsland?

A.Landsofdesert.B.Streamsandrivers.

C.Kindsofanimalsandplants.D.Tallbuildings.

2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheAmanpulo’svillas?

A.Theyaremadeofbricks.

B.Wecanhaveagoodviewoftheseathere.

C.Theyareveryexpensive.

D.Wecanlearnmuchhistoricstoriesfromthem.

3.WhatactivitycanyouenjoyinSongSaa?

A.Diving.B.Whiterafting.

C.Mountain-climbing.D.Rainforesttour.

【答案】1.C2.B3.D

【解析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。

文章介绍了三个度假胜地：

NikoiIsland,Indonesia；Amanpulo,Philippines；SongSaa,Cambodia。

1.细节理解题。

由第二段中的“Surroundedbywhitesandyshorelinesandvividcoralreefs,Nikoi’scentreishiddeninrainforest,resultinginamazingbiodiversityseeninitsnativeplants,animalandbirdlife”可知，Nikoi’scentre位于热带雨林里，里面有各种各样的植物，动物和鸟类。

故C选项正确。

2.细节理解题。

由第三段中的“Amanpulo’sbeachside,treetopandhillsidevillasallfeaturecomfortabledeckswithhammocks（吊床）fromwhichtoenjoythespectacularviewsofthegreenish-blueseabelow”可知，Amanpulo建在海边的，屋顶的，山坡上的别墅都是带吊床的甲板，从上面游客们可以欣赏下面大海的风景。

故B选项正确。

【名师点睛】

细节理解题的答题策略：

细心审题，直接就题找答案。

解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：

段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。

在第二小题中，考生可根据题干中的“theAmanpulo’svillas”确定信息。

3.细节理解题。

由最后一段中的“Withrainforesttours,islandsafarisandreefsnorkeling,justsomeoftheactivitiesofferthatshowcasethisspectaculardestination”可知，在SongSaa，游客们可以参观热带雨林，游览岛屿，进行珊瑚礁浮潜。

故D选项正确。

B

Naturalselectionistheprocessbywhichonetypeofanimalwithinaspeciesthrivesbecauseofcertaincharacteristicsthatmakeitmorelikelytolivethanothersinitsgroup.Thehistoryofthepepperedmoth（灰蛾）isanexampleofthenaturalselectionprocess.

In19thcenturyEngland,certaintypesofpepperedmothswereabletobetterblend（融合）intotheirsurroundings.Duringthattimeperiod,greatchangeswerehappeninginGreatBritain.TheIndustrialRevolutionwaspartofthischange,andwithitcameairpollution.Naturalselectionoftentakeshundredoreventhousandsofyearstooccur.Forthepepperedmoth,thisprocessoccurredcomparativelyquickly.

AtthebeginningoftheIndustrialAge,mostpepperedmothsinEnglandwerelight-coloredandcoveredwithblackmarkings,althoughafewmothshaddark-coloredwings.Becausethelight-coloredmothsblendedintothelight-coloredbarkonthetrees,theycouldnotbeeasilyseenbybirdsthatwouldeatthem.Astheairgrewmorepolluted,however,treetrunksbecamecoveredwithsoot（烟煤）andbecamedarker.Thelight-coloredmothsbecameeasyforbirdstoseeagainstthedarktreetrunks.Sincethedark-coloredmothsnowhadtheadvantage,theirnumbersgrew.Within50years,thepepperedmothwentfrombeingmostlylight-coloredtobeingmostlydark-colored.

Inthe20thcentury,theairclearedup,andthepepperedmothpopulationchangedagain.Astreetrunkslightedduetolesssootintheair,light-coloredmothsonceagainhadanadvantage.Theirnumbersincreasedassootlevelsdeclined.Dependingontheirenvironment,thecolorationofthemothshelpedthemtobe“naturallyselected”tosurvive.

4.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“thrives”inthefirstparagraph?

A.Reduces.B.Booms.

C.Changes.D.Endangers.

5.Whatcanweinferaboutthepepperedmoth’snaturalselectionprocess?

A.Thelengthoftimewasunusual.

B.ThesootlevelsinEnglanddidnotaffectit.

C.Thistypeofcolorchangewastypicalformoths.

D.Itwasagoodexampleofenvironmentalprotection.

6.What’sthedifferencebetweenlight-coloredanddark-coloredmoths?

A.Dark-coloredmothswereoriginallyeasytoseeontrees.

B.Bothkindsofmothspreferredthedark-coloredtrees.

C.Birdsfailedtoseelight-coloredmoths.

D.Thecolorofmothswasunimportant.

7.WhichwouldmostlikelyhappenifsootdarkenedEngland’streesagain?

A.Birdswouldeatfewermoths.

B.Mothswouldnotbeabletostayalive.

C.Light-coloredmothswoulddisturbpeople’slife.

D.Thepopulationofdark-coloredmothswouldincrease.

【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.D

【解析】本文主要介绍了灰蛾的自然选择过程。

4.B

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5.A

推理判断题。

根据第二段Naturalselectionoftentakeshundredoreventhousandsofyearstooccur.Forthepepperedmoth,thisprocessoccurredcomparativelyquickly.可知，自然选择往往要花费上百年甚至几千年的时间，对于灰蛾来说，这一过程发生得比较快。

所以可以推断出，灰蛾在自然选择的过程中所花时间的长短是不寻常的。

故选A.

6.A

细节理解题。

根据第三段Becausethelight-coloredmothsblendedintothelight-coloredbarkonthetrees,theycouldnotbeeasilyseenbybirdsthatwouldeatthem.可知，最初，树皮是浅色的，所以浅色的蛾子在浅色的树皮上不容易被发现，那么可知，深色的飞蛾最初很容易在树上被看到。

故选A.

7.D

推理判断题。

根据自然选择的规律，动物为了生存，而要适应所处的环境，最初，树皮是浅色的，所以浅色的蛾子在浅色的树皮上不容易被发现，所以可以推断出如果烟灰再次使英国的树木变黑，深色的蛾子更适应这种环境，那么深色飞蛾的数量将会增加。

故选D.

【名师点睛】

推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。

它包括判断和推理题。

这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。

推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。

例如第4小题推理判断题。

根据自然选择的规律，动物为了生存，而要适应所处的环境，最初，树皮是浅色的，所以浅色的蛾子在浅色的树皮上不容易被发现，所以可以推断出如果烟灰再次使英国的树木变黑，深色的蛾子更适应这种环境，那么深色飞蛾的数量将会增加。

故选D.

C

Havingthreecancerpatientsinthesamehouseholdcanturnawholefamilyupsidedown.MichelleBruce,herhusband,Jeremy,andtheirson,Holden,allhadcancer.ThefamilymovedtoMichelle’shometownofFranklin,Nebraskasixyearsago,soherparentscouldhelp.

DoctorsfoundHolden’sbraintumor（肿瘤）,whenhewas12yearsold.Hisfamilywaslivinginasmalltownatthetime,buttherewererelateddoctorsinthestate.HoldenhadtwooperationsinOmahaclinic,bothofwhichweretough.

WhenHolden’scancercamebackagainin2012,nothingcouldbedone.Butthefamilydidn’tgiveup.TheyreachedouttoBostonChildren’sHospital,whichhasbetterequipmentanddoctorswithmoreexperienceoperatingonkids.AfterlookingatHolden’srecords,thedoctorsentbackherdiagnosis:

Shewasconfidentthatshecouldremovethetumor.

Thefamilywasbeyondrelieved,untiltheylearnedinsurancewouldn’tcoveranyoftheoperation’scosts.Theoperationwouldcost$39,000–morethantheparentscouldafford.Thefamilygotdesperate.

Inatownofjust1,000people,however,wordtraveledfast.Withindays,alocalwomanMichellehadnevermetinpersoncalledtosayshewasplanninganeventtoraisemoneyforHolden.Michellewastouched.

Theeventwasuplifting.Finally,thetownraised$45,000–enoughtocovernotjustHolden’shospitalbills,butforMichelleandJeremy’striptoBostonwiththeirson.“Ijustdidn’tknowwhattosay,”saidMichelle.“Nobodycouldreallybelieveit.”

Holden’soperationwentmuchmoresmoothlythanthefirsttwo.Heiscancer-freeandnowisattendingCentralCommunityCollege-Hastingsonafull-ridescholarship.

8.WheredidMichelle’sparentslive?

A.Florida.B.Boston.

C.Omaha.D.Franklin.

9.WhydidHolden’sfamilygotoBostonChildren’shospital?

A.Becauseitwasneartheirhome.

B.Becauseithadbetterequipmentanddoctors.

C.Becausethemedicalexpensetherewascheaper.

D.Becausetheywerefamiliarwiththedoctorsthere.

10.Whatwasthefeelingofthefamilywhentheylearnedtheoperation’scost?

A.Theywereindespair.

B.Theywereverydelighted.

C.Theywereverysurprised.

D.Theyremainedcalm.

11.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.World’sBestCancerDoctors

B.BraveBoyWhoConqueredHisCancer

C.1,000PeopleSavedATeen’sLife

D.Country’sWelfareSystemShined

【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.C

【解析】本文主要讲了Holden得了癌症，但家庭无法承担手术的费用。

但是经过全村1000人的努力为他筹集了足够的资金，救了这个男孩的命的故事。

8.D

细节理解题。

根据第一段ThefamilymovedtoMichelle’shometownofFranklin,Nebraskasixyearsago,soherparentscouldhelp.可知，Michelle的父母住在Franklin。

故选D.

9.B

细节理解题。

根据第三段TheyreachedouttoBostonChildren’sHospital,whichhasbetterequipmentanddoctorswithmoreexperienceoperatingonkids.可知，Holden的家人去了Boston医院是因为它有更好的设备和医生。

故选B．

10.