文化因素对中英翻译的影响.docx

文化因素对中英翻译的影响.docx

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文化因素对中英翻译的影响

Introduction

Thetranslationactivityoncewasregardedaswasbetweentwolanguageswitchingprocesses,tothetranslationresearchalsotakethespeechanalysistothetextcomparisonastheprimarymission,butanylanguageisnotonlymakeofcharacters,words,sentences,italwayscontainthislanguagenationality'shistory,thephilosophyart,psychologyandsooneach,thetranslationisnotonlythepurewritingswitchingprocess,italsoinvolvestwoculturalloadstheculture.ThereforetheEnglishtoChinesealltranslationtheory,themethodandtheskillaretheestablishmentintheEnglishtoChinesetwolanguagecontrast,thelanguageandtheculturearealsoinseparable,thishasbeendoomedthetranslationandtheculturalcloserelation.Insomedegreeculturalfactorswillaffectsthelanguage,thereforeChinaandtheWestculturaldifferencewillhavethemajorimpactonthetranslation.Ifwecanprocessauthenticallywillinvolvetheculturefactors,willplaytheverybigpromoteractiontotheculturaltranslationaccuracy.Becauseoftheculturefactorsdifference,itwillcausetheChinaandtheWesttwolanguagesinmanyaspectsdifference.Itnotonlycreatescertainbarriertothelanguagestudy,butalsowillhavetheverytremendousinfluencetotheEnglishtoChinesetranslation.

1Thoughtculturaldifferencetotranslationinfluence

1.1Containstheexpression

Thethinkingmodeisanationalityoracityregiononekindofthoughtinstallingwhichformsinthelong-termhistoricaldevelopment.Intheworldhasthenumerousnationalities,theirthinkingmodeaswellasthethinkingactivityhavethecloserelationlanguageandwriting,withoutdoubthasmanysimilarities,displayshumanity'sgeneralcharacter.But,everynationalityhasitownuniquethinkingmode,moreoverthethinkingmodedifferenceispreciselyoneofconstitutiondifferentculturaltypesubstantialclauses.Forexampleourcountryfamousmovie“Butterflylovers"wasshowedinUSmaketheforeignerstraighttoshakethehead,asksthereasontosay,“That’stootired.18milesseeoff,MissZhuwishestoMr.Liangsuggestedthatlovethatmanyspokenlanguages,whyshedidnotsaydirectly:

“Iloveyou”Thisthingwastooinconceivable!

TheChinesepeopletakecontainsasbeautifully,butthewesterneristheopposite,theydon’tlikebeataroundthebush,theylikegostraighttothepoint.JustliketheforestLindajinisdescribesthiskindofphenomenoninhisbook“theChinesetodiscussthematterlikefromtheinternationaltomulti-homes,fromthehometotheConcreteunit,hasthemattertoaskothersforhelpbeatsaroundthebushfirstmentionsother,thenarrivesatthesubjectexcessivelygradually.”

1.2Integratedandanalytic

Chineseeconomicform,smallscalefarmingbyindividualowners,that’sallcausepeople’sintegratedmodeofthinking.Inunderdevelopedsocialcircumstance,theyrealizedthatharvestcannotdowithoutgoodweather;livingcannotbeseparatedfromnature’scharity.Sothe“integrationoffeelingandsetting”weregraduallyformed.Theyconsiderpeopleandnature,peopleandcosmosindividualandsocietyasaindivisible,correspondingorganicswhole.ThefamousEightTrigramswasthebestexampleofChineseintegratedthoughtpatterns.Whenanalyzetherelationbetweensubjectandobject,humanandnature,spiritandsubstanceexistence,soulandbody,phenomenonandessence,theyputmuchattentionontheintegralbalanceofthings,pursuingthesymmetrywhichwasthoughttocancreatenicevisualeffect,akindofsatisfactoryandstablefeeling

OccidentalanalyticmodeofthinkingisoriginatedinPlaton’stheory‘dichotomyofsubjectandobject’theydistinguishsubjectandobject,humanandnature,etcclearly.Theyassertedthatmakeresearchonthisdualityworldrespectively.

1.3Generalizationandspecification

Chinesemodeifthinkingisintegratedandcollectivewhilewesterners’isindividual.Thisdifferenceshowninlanguageisthat.ThereismoregeneralwordinChinese,morespecificword.Forexample‘说’inEnglishcanbe“splutter,gruntexclaim,announce,scream,shout,whispervolunteer,insist,enthuse,snap,inquire”,whichareconcise,specificandchangeable.WhileChineseoftenaddadverbialsto“说”toexpressthesemeaning，“语无伦次地说，嘟嘟囔囔地说，低声地说，自告奋勇地说，”.Ontranslating“气急败坏地说”,compare“hesaidsomethingquicklyconfusedly,indistinctly”with“hesplutteredoutsomething.”It’sobviousthatthelatteronesoundsmorenativeandconcise.Thatisdifferenceexpressionhabitsinfluencedbydifferentthinkingpatterns.Accordingtothis,weshouldpayattentiontothisandtrytofindmoreexactandspecificwordtosoundmoreconciseandnative.

What’smore,sometimeswecan’tfindanexactEnglishequivalenttoageneral;wordinChinese.Take‘伤’forexample,wecanonlyfindthesespecificword“harm,injure,hurt,damage,spoil,wounddisable”sowhenwefacethiskindofproblem,zeroequivalentofgeneralword,weshouldchangeourintegratedthinkingpatterntoindividualthinkingwayturntousespecificwordtotranslateChinesegeneralwordaccordingtoitscontext.

2Regionpoliticsculturaldifferencetotranslationinfluence

2.1Geographicenvironment

BritainliesintheNorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.Theprevailingsouthwestwindsorthewestwindsblowoverthecountryalltheyear.Incontrast,ChinaisintheEast-Asiancontinent.

Therefore,ChinesepeopleandEnglishpeoplehavedifferentunderstandingfortheeastwindandthewestwind.TheEnglishpoem“OdetotheWestWind”praisesthewarmwestwind,whichsymbolizeshopeandforce.Inthepoem,P.BShellywrote:

OWILDWestWind,thoubreathofAutumn’sbeing,

Thou,fromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdead

Aredriven,likeghostsfromanenchanterfleeing,

Yellow,andblack,andpale,andhecticred,

Pestilence-strickenmultitudes:

Othou,

Whochariotesttotheirdarkwintrybed

However,ChinesepeoplepraisetheeastwindfromthePacificOcean,foritusuallybringsrainandwarmth.Theydislikethewestwindthatisfromthedryandfreezingisland,foritcausescoldanddry.ContrarytoChinesepeople,Englishpeoplehaveapreferenceofwestwindtoeastwind.Forthem,thewestwind,whichcomesfromtheocean,isfairlymildandhumid,sowhatcomeswiththewestwindisaviewofresuscitating,livelinessandprosperity.Similarly,inoneofShakespeare’ssonnets,hewrote“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?

/Thouartlovelyandmoretemperate.”Chinesepeoplemaybeconfusedbythecomparison,becauseinChinese,summer“夏天”isoftenrelatedtohotness.MostChinesepeopledon’tliketheseasonsummer.ButinBritain,summerisawarmandpleasantseason,whichisrelatedtoloveandwarmness,sotheycomparesummertolovers.

IntheBritishChinesehasmanyreflectsitsgeographicalenvironmentcharacteristicthephrase.Britainisanislandcountry,theseafaringandthefisheryholdstheimportantstatusintheBritisheconomiclife.Fromthis,producedmassivewithhasnavigatedandcatchesfishtherelatedphrase;Forexample,spendmoneylikethewateranalogyspendsthewaste,wasteful;gobytheboardexpressedthat“（arrangement）fails,（plan）isdefeated”;burnone'stheboatsanalogy“crossestherubicund,frombreakstheescaperoute”;allatseaexpressed“feelshelpless”meaning;likeafishoutofthewateranalogy“occupiesinthestrangeenvironmentnottobecomfortable”andsoon.ButChinaisthelandcountry,isahistoricalgloriousagriculturecountry,andhasmanywiththisrelatedphrase.Like“thetimewilltakecareofthematter”,“stampsoutthesourceoftrouble”,“asamanSowetososhallhereap,youreapwhatyousow”andsoon..

2.2politics

Theculturaldifferencecausesturnofexpressiondifferentness,onceappearsinthesensitivecase,especiallyinthepoliticalincident,hadthepossibilitytocausethebeginningthetroublewhichwasinferiorto,atthebeginningof1980,UnitedNationsSecretaryGeneralWaerdehaimuflewtoTeherantoassisttosolvethehostageproblem,atthattime,theIranianBroadcastingstationbroadcasthimtosayintheairportpublicationspeech;“Icomeheretoseekforsomekindofcompromisebymediatorstatus”ButthisspeechcausesmanyIranian'srepugnanceeventodemonstrate.BecauseintheIranianculture,’mediator’ishumanwhopriesdoesnotrefertothemeddlerwhoinvites,therefore,fromsuchreporttheIranianfeltthatisblasphemedtotheirsnationalsentiments,throwsthestonetosecretarygeneraltobealsonothingunusual.Sothistoneedusthetranslatortosinkintothelanguagemerelydefinitelytotheinformationtransformationitself,butmusthavethethoroughunderstandingtotheculturalcontext.

3Valueculturaldifferencetotranslationinfluence

3.1IndividualismandCollectivism

Individualismreferstothedoctrinethattherightsoftheindividualarethemostimportantonesinasociety.Mostwesternersbelievethateachpersonhashisownseparateidentityandpersonality,whichshouldberecognizedandreinforced.Therefore,onecannotcomprehensivewesternanditspeoplewithoutunderstandingindividualism.Onlywiththecognitionofindividualismcanweunderstandhowwesternersconceptualizefamily,friendships,andprivacy.Thecoreofindividualismisthepursuitofpersonalandachievements.Itishighlyvalued,earnestlybelievesandwellappreciatedasafundamentalsocialvirtue.InChristianitytraditions,individualsareimportantnotonlytoeachother,butalsotothesocietyandGod.Individualismhasbeenhandeddownfromtheirancestors.Therefore,towesterners,individualismisnotselfishnessbutrathervirtue.Theyemphasizeindividualismsomuchthattheybelievetha