新世纪英语高二下册全部课文.docx

新世纪英语高二下册全部课文.docx

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新世纪英语高二下册全部课文

上海外语教育出版社——新世纪英语高二全部课文

（包括AdditionalReading）及重点词组

高二第二学期

17.Wordsandtheirstories

EAGERBEAVERAneagerbeaverisapersonwhoisalwayswillingtodoandisexcitedaboutdoingwhatisexpectedofhim.

Suppose,forexample,thatateachertellshisstudentstheyeachmustsolveonehundredmathproblemsbeforecomingtoschoolthenextday.Thechildrencomplainaboutsomuchhomework.Butonestudentdoesnotprotestatall.Thatstudentisaneagerbeaver.Helovestodomathproblems,anddoesnotmindallthehomework.

Theexpressionissaidtohavecomefromthenameofahard-workinganimal---thebeaver.

Beaversarestrange-lookingcreatures.Theyspendalotoftimeinthewater,buildingdamstocreatelittlelakesorponds.Theyusetheirhugeteethandworkhardtocutdowntrees,removebranchesandputthemacrossstreams.Theyusetheirtailstopackmudonthebranchestomakethedamssolid.Fewotheranimalsworksohard.

HistorianssaythebeaverhadanimportantpartinthesettlementofNorthAmerica.

TherewerehundredsofmillionsofbeaverswhenEuropeansettlersfirstarrived.Thesettlersputgreatvalueonthefurofbeavers.Infact,fortwohundredyearsormore,beaversprovidedthemostvaluablefurinNorthAmerica.Beaverskinsoftenusedasmoney.

Youngmenlookingforadventureheadedwestacrossthecountrytosearchforbeavers.Intheirsearch,theyexploredmuchofthewesternterritories.Thetradingposts,wheretheyexchangedbeaverskinsforthegoodstheyneeded,becamevillages,andlatertownsandcities.

IT’SINTHEBAGThebag---oneofthesimplestandmostusefulthingsineverymanorwoman’slife---hasgiventheworldmanystrangeexpressionsthatarenotverysimple.AnumberoftheseexpressionsarewidelyusedintheUnitedStatestoday.SomewereimportedfromEnglandalongtimeago.

Whenyouaresureofsomething,youcansay,“It’sinthebag.”

Thisphraseseemedtohavearrivedwiththemodernpaperbag.Before,Americansusedtosay,“It’sallwrappedup.”Then,thingsyouboughtwerewrappedinplainbrownpaper,orsometimesinoldnewspaper.

Anotherwidelyusedexpressionsis“toletthecatoutofthebag”,meaningtorevealawell-keptsecret.

Noonecanexplainhowthecatgotintothebag,orwhyitremainedthere.Butthereisanoldstoryaboutit.Longagotradesmansoldthingsinlargeclothbags.Onceawomanaskedforapig.Thetradesmanhelduphisclothbag.Insidetherewassupposedtobealivepig.Thewomanaskedtoseeit.Whenthedishonesttradesmanopenedthebag,outjumpedasquealingcat,notapig.Thetradesman’ssecretwasout:

hewastricky,andnoweverybodyknewit.

18.Englishproverbs

Characters

TeacherofEnglish:

MsSmith（MS）

Students:

Li（LI）,Mao（MA）,Anne（AN）,Rivera（RI）

MS:

Goodmorning,everyone.Ihopeyouallknowwhatweareherefor.Thetopicofourdiscussionthismorningis“EnglishProverbs”.

LI:

So,I’mintherightgroup.

MA:

Me,too.

RI:

Me,too.

MS:

ButIwastoldwewouldhavefour…andyet…

AN:

I’mcoming.Goodmorning.AmIlate?

MS:

Morning.“Speakofangelsandyouheartheirsongs.”

AN:

Isthataproverbreferringtomycoming?

MS:

Exactly.

LI:

WehaveasayinginChinese,whichIthinkisverycloseinmeaning…

MA:

SpeakofCaoCaoandheappears.

MS:

Right.Well,“firstthingsfirst”.Aproverbisatraditionalsayingwhichoffersadviceorpresentsamoralinashortandbriefmanner.Aproverbnormallyisasentence,intowhichthewriteroftenworksrhyme.Forinstance,“Eastorwest,homeisbest.”Sometimesitcomesoutintheformofaphrase.

MA:

I’veseendictionariesofproverbs.

MS:

Well,therearethousandsofproverbs.Theyfallintothreemaincategories.Thoseofthefirsttypetaketheformofabstractstatements.Theyexpressgeneraltruths.Herearetwogoodexamples:

“Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.”and“Amanwhoneglectshisstudiesinyouthwillregretitinlateryears.”

RI:

Ithinkthereissometruthinbothproverbs.Toencourageapersonwhohashadlittleeducationforsomereasonasayoungman,wemayusetheformer.Withus,Iguessthelatterworks.

MS:

Soyouhavetokeepthisinmind.Neveruseproverbsoutofcontext.“Oneman’smeatisanotherman’spoison.”

LI:

Isee.Then,whatisthesecondtype?

MS:

Thesecondtypeusesspecificobservationsfromeverydayexperiencetomakeageneralpoint.

AN:

“Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket.”Doesitfallintothesecondcategory?

MS:

You’reright,dear.Thenthethirdtypeconsistsofsayingsfromparticularareasoftraditionalcustomsandbeliefs.“Afterdinner,restawhile;aftersupper,walkamile.”isanexampleofthistype.Suchproverbsareoftenrelatedtoagriculture,theseasons,andtheweather.

LI:

Manypeopleholdtheopinionthatproverbsaregoingoutoffashion.Isthattrue?

MS:

Thefactis,assomeoldonesarefallingintodisuse,newonesarebeingcreated.Thecomputerworldhasrecentlygivenuslotsofthem.

AN:

I’vegotone:

“Rubbishin,rubbishout.”

MA:

Italsogoes“Garbagein,garbageout.”

MS:

Ithinkitismorecommontosay“Garbagein,garbageout.”Well,Ihope,today“You’llhavesomethingniceoutasyouhavehadsomethingnicein.”

AN:

Thankyou,MsSmith.Bytheway,dowehaveanassignmentasusual?

MS:

Yes.Youaretocollectsomeproverbsofthefirsttype,thatis,proverbsthatexpressgeneraltruths.

LI:

I’dliketocollectsomeonstudies.

MS:

Good!

I’msogladtohavebeenwithyou.（Tothefourstudents）“Strikewhiletheironishot.”Seeyounextweek.

19.Tipsonmakingapublicspeech

Itisinterestingtonotethatspeechesarealways“given”or“delivered”.Theyarenever“said”.Whengivingaspeech,therefore,itisusefultothinkofyourselfasplayingapart,i.e.acting.Thiskindofactingcallsforanintegrationofverbalandnonverbalcommunication.Nonverbalcommunicationchieflyinvolvesthespeaker’sstanceandgestures,theeyecontactbetweenthespeakerandtheaudience,andagoodcontrolofthepresentationspeedoftalking/speaking.

STANCEThisisimportanttothedeliveryofagoodspeech.Standupstraightandkeepyourheadup.Droppingyourheadlooksunprofessionalandmaypreventyouraudiencefromhearingyouclearly.Ontheotherhand,don’tstandlikeaguardonduty.Youhavetobeabletomoveinanaturalwayinordertoaddexpressiontoyourwords.Bodylanguage“says”alot.Avoidholdingyourhandstightlytogether;thiswillinterferewithfreeandnaturalmovement.Don’tplaywithkeysorcoinsinyourpocket;thiswilldistractyouraudience.

GESTURESGesturesandfacialexpressionsarebothimportantaidstothespokenwordwhenyouarecommunicating.Adull,longspeechdeliveredwithoutexpression,withoutgesturesoreyecontactwillnotbewellreceived.Theskillisindecidinghowmuchgesturingtobeemployedandinmakingsurethatyourgesturesarenatural.

Ingeneral,thelargertheaudience,themoreexpansivethegesturesshouldbe,becausetheywillnotbeseensoclearlybytheaudience.Inasmallgroup,facialexpressionswilladdalottounderstanding.Trytellingsomebodysomethingfunnywithaveryseriousface.Theywillhavedifficultybelievingwhatyouarereallysayingisfunny.

Differentgesturesaresupposedtobeusedindeliveringaspeech.Somepeopleusetheirhandsalotwhenspeaking.Youmustmakesurethatyourgesturesarenotrepeatedtoooften,andtheyshouldbeexpressiveandmeaningful.

EYECONTACTTohavemaximumimpactyouneedtomakeeachmemberofyouraudiencefellasifyouwerespeakingtothempersonally.Todothis,glancetowardsallsectionsoftheaudienceanddon’tbeafraidtomoveyourhead.Ifyoufavouronedirection,theothersidemayfeelyouareignoringthemandthereforeloseinterestinwhatyouaresaying.

TIMINGAccuratetimingisessential.Youshouldensurethatyoudon’tfallshortoforrunoverthetimeallowedforyourspeech.Eitherway,theaudiencewillfeelunhappyandloseconcentrationonyourspeech.Thebestwaytoovercomethisisthroughpreparation.Clearthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosayandhowlongyourspeechwilllast,beforeyoustarttowriteit,willsavealotoftime.Whenpractising,makesurethatyouspeakatthecorrectspeedanddotimeyourself.

20.Keepitshortfortheaudience’ssake

HowlongshouldImakemyspeech?

Howlongwillmyaudienceconcentrateonmyspeech?

HoeslowlyshouldIspeaktomakemyselfclearlyunderstood?

Intryingtoanswerthesequestions,weseehowimportanttimingistospeech.

KEEPYOURSPEECHLESSTHAN15MINUTESLinYutang,thefamouswriterandtranslator,oncesaidaboutthelengthofaspeech,“theshorter,thebetter.”Speakingaroundthetopicshouldbeseriouslyavoided,notonlyinspeech,butinallconversationsinEnglish.BeingindirectandroundaboutinyourapproachmaybethoughtskillfulinChinese.ButinEnglishspeech?

Noway.WhenoneismakingaspeechinEnglish,heshouldalwayssticktothepoint,andusesimple,clear,anddirectlanguage.

Accordingtoscientists,audiencescangenerallyonlymanagetoconcentrateforabout13minutes.Soa10-15-minutespeechisaboutright.

ThefamousGettysburgAddress,deliveredbyAbrahamLincolnonNovember19,1863hasabout200words,butitstillmanagedtoexpresstheideathatallpeoplearebornequal.

150-160WORDSPERMINUTESpeakingspeedoftendependsontheoccasionforthespeech.Thenumberofpeopleintheaudienceisalsoanimportantfactortobeconsidered.

Ifyouarespeakingtohundredsoreventhousandsofpeople,especiallyintheopenair,youshouldspeakslowly.Theideaistolettheaudiencecatcheverysinglewordofyourspeech.Forexample,whenMartinLutherKingspoke,eventoasmallgroup,hisusualspea