Answers for Unit 1复习课程.docx

Answers for Unit 1复习课程.docx

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AnswersforUnit1复习课程

AnswersforUnit1

I.Vocabulary

Studycarefullyallthenewwordsandphrasesintheboxselectedfromthetext.Fillinthegapswithwordsorphraseschosenfromthebox.Changetheformwherenecessary.

regimen,transient,intermittent,exacerbation,replenish,prestigious,assess,determine,contributeto,underlie,address,alleviate,imperative,dearth,identify,deprivation,intensify,innocuous,irritability,severity

1.Gingerisusedintravelsicknesspreparationsandtoalleviatemorningsickness,colds,andjointpains.

2.In1923AmeliaearnedherflyinglicenseissuedbytheprestigiousFederationAeronautiqueInternational（国际航空联盟）.

3.HumanactivitiescontributetoclimatechangebycausingchangesinEarth’satmosphereintheamountsofgreenhousegases,aerosols（smallparticles）,andcloudiness.

4.TheGovernmentregularlyre-runsthehousingdemandmodeltoassessthelong-termhousingdemand.

5.Withsocialdeprivationonemayhavelimitedaccesstothesocialworldduetofactorssuchaslowsocioeconomicstatusorpooreducation.

6.Mescaline['meskəlɪn;-liːn]【化学】墨斯卡灵〔一种生物碱，用做幻觉剂〕iscompletelyinnocuous,anditseffectswillpassoffaftereightortenhours.

7.Duringarigorouschemotherapyregimen,hewentintoshockwithbloodpoisoning.

8.Itwasoncelabeledaculturaldesertbecauseofitsdearthofculturalandartisticactivities.

9.Whentheshipreachedport,itgaveabundantevidenceoftheseverityofthestorm.

10.Inthenewstudy,collegestudentsexperiencedmoresymptomsofanxietyandirritabilityonacloudydaycomparedwithonasunnyday.

11.ThesymptomsofstrokeandTransientIschemicAttack（TIA）arethesameanddependupontheparticularregionofthebrainthatisaffected.Butwhileastrokeispermanent,aTIAbydefinitionresolvesitsown.

12.Itisimperativethattheletterbepostedimmediately.

13.Wewillintensifycapacityinscientificresearchandtechnologicaldevelopment,aswellasintensifydevelopmentandintroductionofnewtechnologiesandproducts,andboosttheirapplication.

14.Todaywouldbemostlyfineandsunny,withintermittentshower.

15.CRM［客户关系管理（CustomerRelationshipManagement）］toolshelpidentifythosehigh-volumepurchasers--thebackboneofyourbusiness--andtargettheminawaythatcultivatesthebestpossiblerelationship.

16.Afterdelivery,nopatientunderwenttheabnormalliverfunctionorliverdiseaseprogressionorexacerbation.

17.Theirmaturationprocessisnotonlyimportantforestablishingnormalvisualfunctions,butmayalsounderliethedendriticremodelingofganglioncellsduringdevelopment.

18.Chinawillfurtherperfectthesesystems,maintainreasonableamountsofgraininreserve,replenishthegrainmarketriskfundsandreinforcethegovernment'sabilitytoregulategrainmarkets.

19.Theseconcernswerenotadequatelyaddressedinthereport.

20.Thepointofourstudywastodeterminewhatistrue,notwhatispracticable.

II.Cloze

Fillinthegapswithanywordsyouthinkfit.

通读全文，同时填入语法词或固定搭配词汇。

剩下的实词，判断所需词词性，根据前后文意义填入实词。

实词空多有不止一个正确答案。

Sleepdisordersareonarisethesedays.Manypeople,youngandoldare

（1）sufferingfromsleepdisorders.Primarysleepdisordersmaybeduetopsychologicalormedicalconditionsofthepatient.Withoutapropersleep,thequalityoflifekeepsdegenerating.Henceitisimportantto

（2）consultadoctorifyousufferfromanysleepdisorder.

Primarysleepdisordersarearesultofdisturbancesinsleeppatterns（3）orsleep-wakegeneratingmechanisms.Somesleepdisordersaresevereenoughtointerferewithnormalfunctioningofanyperson.

Sleepdisordersareofmanytypes.However,primarysleepdisorderscanbe（4）majorlyoftwotypes.Dyssomniasaresleepdisorderscharacterizedbylackofsleep（5）whichhappeneitherduetoabnormalitiesinthequalityor（6）amount/quantityofsleep.Itcanhappenduetoproblemsarising（7）frominsidethebodyoritmayalsoberelatedtoexternalfactors.Thereisusuallyadisturbanceinthecircadianrhythmofsleep.

Parasomnias异态睡眠aresleepdisorderswherethepatientgoesthroughsomeunusualexperiences（8）duringsleep.Thepatientmaysleepwalkorhave（9）nightmares.Thepatientmightalsohavesleepterrordisorder.Otherabnormal（10）experiencesincludetooth-grinding,bed-wetting,sleepsex,sleeptalking,explodingheadsyndromewherethepatientwakesupafterhearingloudnoisesetc.

Therearealso（11）variousmedicalconditionsthatareaccompaniedbysleepingdisorders.Personssufferingfrompsychosis,panic,andmooddisordersetc.（12）undergo／experience/havesleepingdisorders.Thesedisordersarenottermedasprimarysleepdisorders.Heresleepdisorderissecondarytoadisease.However,todrawaclearboundarybetweenanxietycausingsleepdisorderandsleepdisorders（13）causinganxietyordepressionisdifficult.

Treatmentforprimarysleepdisordersis（14）conducted/donethroughmedications,behavioraltreatments,rehabilitationetc.

Sleepdisordercanbeacuteor（15）chronic.Therequirementofsleep-–thequality,timingetc.（16）variesfromindividualtoindividual.Hence,thetreatmentalsoisverypersonspecific.Thepatient’smedicalconditions,psychologicalwellbeing,psychiatrichistoryarealltakeninto（17）considerationbeforeprescribingthetreatment.

Hence,consultyourhealthcareprofessionaland（18）discussyourproblemsindetailwithher/him.She/hewillbeabletoguideyoutotherightkindoftreatmentwhichyourequire.

Primarysleepdisordersarecommonandcanbetreated.Assoonasyourealizethatyouarehavingtroubleswithsleep,（19）contactyourdoctorassleepisextremelyimportantfornormal（20）functioningofthebody.

III.Translation

1.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

1）英语句子较长，结构较复杂；汉语长句常由并列复合句构成。

2）英译汉一般用分译法，一个长句拆成若干个小句。

3）汉译英一般用合译法，若干个小句尽量合译成一个主从复合句。

在分析句子时，先确定英语句子的主句的主谓宾，再加入其他成分。

无论是英译汉还是汉译英，首先要找到句子的核心词，确定英语的句子结构或汉语句子的核心内容。

主谓宾定状补，先确定前者再考虑后者。

Thekeytodiagnosinginsomniaandothersleepdisordersishistoryandsleeplaboratorymonitoring.诊断失眠及其他睡眠障碍的关键是研究病史和在睡眠实验室对病人做监测。

Short-termproblemsrelatedtodifficultywithinitiatingsleepmaybesituationalorenvironmental.短期的难以入睡这种失眠一般是由环境因素引起的。

Long-termproblemswithsleep,lastingweekstomonths,maybemorepsychophysiologicsuchaswithchronicanxietyordepression.持续数周甚至数月的长期睡眠问题可能更多的是由心理生理因素引起，如患有慢性焦虑症或抑郁症。

Athoroughhistoryofpersonalorjob-relatedissues,caffeine,alcoholandotherdruguse,relatedmedicalproblems,abnormallegandbodymovementsatnight,problemswithdaytimenappingandsomnolenceaswellasnighttimesnoring,andapneaspellswillalldirectthepractitionertothecauseofmostproblems.医生要想找到多数失眠的原因，就得做详细的病史检查，要了解个人或工作状况，咖啡因、酒精摄入及其他药物服用史，相关的内科疾病，夜间腿部及躯体异常活动，昼间瞌睡，夜间打鼾及呼吸暂停时间等情况。

Agoodsleepstudyoftenconfirmsthediagnosisandleadstospecificinterventions.对睡眠情况进行认真检查通常可以确诊失眠，进而采取特定的治疗措施。

2.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

随着现代生活节奏的加快，人与人之间的竞争和矛盾日益增加，我们的精神处在一种高度紧张的状态，焦虑症、抑郁症等的发生率也在不断增加，失眠的症状也随之产生。

InsomniaisinducedwiththedevelopmentofmoreandmorecasesofAnxietyandDepressionduetotheincreasinglyintensifiedcompetitionandconflictandconstantlyenhancedstraininthequickenedmodernworld.

许多疾病也可以伴有失眠症状，如神经官能症、高血压、肿瘤、脑血管疾病、肺结核、冠心病。

Manydiseases,suchasneurosis,highbloodpressure,tumor,cerebrovasculardiseases,pulmonarytuberculosisandcoronaryheartdisease,arealsoaccompaniedbyinsomnia.

这些疾病的某些阶段可以出现失眠症状，或因疾病加重而影响睡眠，在疾病好转后，失眠症状可以减轻或消失。

Sleepdisordersmayemergeinsomephasesofthesediseasesortheexacerbationmayaffectsleep,whileinsomniawillalleviateordisappearwiththeimprovementofthediseases.

失眠与年龄有密切的关系，年龄越大失眠发生率越高。

Insomniaiscloselyrelatedwithage.Theolderapersonbecomes,themorelikelyhemaydevelopinsomnia.老年人入睡时间延长，年轻人一般几分钟就能入睡，而老年人平均40分钟才能入睡，Thetimeneededtoinitiatesleepbyseniorcitizensislengthened.Generally,youngpeopleonlytakeafewminutestogotosleepwhileelderlyones,onaverage,spendfortyminutes.加之老年人睡眠变浅，夜尿增多，夜间醒来的次数也增多，因此失眠的症状也随之加剧。

Withlesssoundsleep,increasednocturiaandmorewake-up,seniorcitizenssufferfrommuchsevererinsomnia.脑力劳动者用脑过度，特别是学生，学习紧张，容易出现失眠症，而体力劳动及经常参加锻炼的人，失眠就不易产生。

Brainworkers,especiallyhardworkingstudentsareeasilyaffectedbyinsomniafortheirovertaxingtheirbrainswhilemanualworkersarelesslikelytosufferfrominsomnia.

I.Translation

TranslateintoChinesetheunderlinedsentencesinthetext.

1.Asananticonvulsantandmusclerelaxant,thebeneficialeffectsstarttoemergeat10and20timesthedoserequiredforsedation,respectively.

如果服用10倍用于镇定催眠的剂量的话，（安比恩）可用作抗痉挛药物，20倍剂量的话，（安比恩）可用作肌肉松弛剂。

2.Thoughtheimpactisimmediateandrelieving,itcomeswiththecostofpossiblesideeffectsthataretobewatchedoutforandacteduponatonce.

尽管见效快，但是也有副作用，必须在服药时就得注意并且按医嘱服用。

3.Theycansometimescarryoncomplexconversationsandrespondappropriatelytoquestionsorstatements,somuchsothatobserversmaybelievethemtobeawake.

他们有时候会进行比较复杂的谈话并且对别人的提问和陈述回以妥帖的答复，以至于旁观者可能相信他们是醒着的。

4.Ambienmakesapersonfallsleepfor7-8hoursatastretchandsoitshouldbetakenonlywhentherequiredtimeisavailable;thatgoestosaythatitshouldnotbetakenduringworkinghoursorbeforedriving,etc.

安比恩让一个人连续睡上七八个小时，所以只有在有充足的时间睡觉时才能服用，也就是说在工作时间或开车前不能服用。

5.Ambienconsumerinformationishighlyimperativeasthatwouldofferyouwithgoodamountofhelpwhichisneededtodealwiththeproblemsarisingfromusingthisdrug.

必须要弄清楚安比恩的使用须知，这样能很好地帮助你对付因为服药产生的问题。

PartIVMedicalTerminology

【幻灯26】EverystudentlearningmedicalEnglishfindsmedicalterminologysovastandchallenging.

MedicalTerminologyisaspecialvocabularyusedbyhealthcareprofessionalsf