英语演讲教程.docx

英语演讲教程.docx

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英语演讲教程

英语演讲教程

　　PresentationsandPublicSpeakinginEnglish

Apresentationisaformaltalktooneormorepeoplethat"presents"ideasorinformationinaclear,structuredway.Peoplearesometimesafraidofspeakinginpublic,butifyoufollowafewsimplerules,givingapresentationisactuallyveryeasy.ThistutorialguidesyouthrougheachstageofgivingapresentationinEnglish,fromtheinitialpreparationtotheconclusionandquestionsandanswers.Thistutorialisitselfsetoutlikeamini-presentation.

Preparation

　　Canyounamethe3mostimportantthingswhengivinganypresentation?

Number1is...Preparation

Number2is...Preparation!

Number3is...Preparation!

!

Preparationiseverything!

Withgoodpreparationandplanningyouwillbetotallyconfidentandlessnervous.Andyouraudiencewillfeelyourconfidence.Youraudience,too,willbeconfident.theywillbeconfidentinyou.Andthiswillgiveyoucontrol.Controlofyouraudienceandofyourpresentation.Withcontrol,youwillbe'incharge'andyouraudiencewilllistenpositivelytoyourmessage.

Objective

　　Beforeyoustarttoprepareapresentation,youshouldaskyourself:

"WhyamImakingthispresentation?

"Doyouneedtoinform,topersuade,totrainortosell?

Yourobjectiveshouldbeclearinyourmind.Ifitisnotclearinyourmind,itcannotpossiblybecleartoyouraudience.

Audience

　　"WhoamImakingthispresentationto?

"Sometimesthiswillbeobvious,butnotalways.Youshouldtrytoinformyourself.Howmanypeople?

Whoarethey?

Businesspeople?

Professionalpeople?

Politicalpeople?

Expertsornon-experts?

Willitbeasmall,intimategroupof4colleaguesoralargegatheringof400competitors?

Howmuchdotheyknowalreadyandwhatwilltheyexpectfromyou?

Venue

　　"WhereamImakingthispresentation?

"Inasmallhotelmeeting-roomoralargeconferencehall?

Whatfacilitiesandequipmentareavailable?

Whataretheseatingarrangements?

Timeandlength

　　"WhenamImakingthispresentationandhowlongwillitbe?

"Willitbe5minutesor1hour?

Justbeforelunch,whenyouraudiencewillbehungry,orjustafterlunch,whenyouraudiencewillbesleepy?

Method

　　HowshouldImakethispresentation?

"Whatapproachshouldyouuse?

Formalorinformal?

Lotsofvisualaidsoronlyafew?

Willyouincludesomeanecdotesandhumourforvariety?

Content

　　"WhatshouldIsay?

"Nowyoumustdecideexactlywhatyouwanttosay.First,youshouldbrainstormyourideas.Youwillnodoubtdiscovermanyideasthatyouwanttoincludeinyourpresentation.Butyoumustbeselective.Youshouldincludeonlyinformationthatisrelevanttoyouraudienceandyourobjective.Youshouldexcludeallotherideas.Youalsoneedtocreateatitleforyourpresentation（ifyouhavenotalreadybeengivenatitle）.Thetitlewillhelpyoutofocusonthesubject.Andyouwillprepareyourvisualaids,ifyouhavedecidedtousethem.Butremember,ingeneral,lessisbetterthanmore（alittleisbetterthanalot）.Youcanalwaysgiveadditionalinformationduringthequestionsafterthepresentation.

Structure

　　Awellorganisedpresentationwithaclearstructureiseasierfortheaudiencetofollow.Itisthereforemoreeffective.Youshouldorganisethepointsyouwishtomakeinalogicalorder.Mostpresentationsareorganisedinthreeparts,followedbyquestions:

BeginningShortintroductionwelcomeyouraudience

　　introduceyoursubject

　　explainthestructureofyourpresentation

　　explainrulesforquestions

　　MiddleBodyofpresentationpresentthesubjectitself

　　EndShortconclusionsummariseyourpresentation

　　thankyouraudience

　　invitequestions

　　QuestionsandAnswers

Notes

　　Whenyougiveyourpresentation,youshouldbe-orappeartobe-asspontaneousaspossible.Youshouldnotreadyourpresentation!

Youshouldbesofamiliarwithyoursubjectandwiththeinformationthatyouwanttodeliverthatyoudonotneedtoreadatext.Readingatextisboring!

Readingatextwillmakeyouraudiencegotosleep!

Soifyoudon'thaveatexttoread,howcanyouremembertosayeverythingyouneedtosay?

Withnotes.Youcancreateyourownsystemofnotes.Somepeoplemakenotesonsmall,A6cards.Somepeoplewritedownjustthetitleofeachsectionoftheirtalk.Somepeoplewritedownkeywordstoremindthem.Thenoteswillgiveyouconfidence,butbecauseyouwillhavepreparedyourpresentationfully,youmaynotevenneedthem!

Rehearsal

　　Rehearsalisavitalpartofpreparation.Youshouldleavetimetopractiseyourpresentationtwoorthreetimes.Thiswillhavethefollowingbenefits:

youwillbecomemorefamiliarwithwhatyouwanttosay

　　youwillidentifyweaknessesinyourpresentation

　　youwillbeabletopractisedifficultpronunciations

　　youwillbeabletocheckthetimethatyourpresentationtakesandmakeanynecessarymodifications

　　Soprepare,prepare,prepare!

Prepareeverything:

words,visualaids,timing,equipment.Rehearseyourpresentationseveraltimesandtimeit.Isittherightlength?

Areyoucompletelyfamiliarwithallyourillustrations?

Aretheyintherightorder?

Doyouknowwhotheaudienceis?

Howmanypeople?

Howwillyouanswerdifficultquestions?

Doyouknowtheroom?

Areyouconfidentabouttheequipment?

Whenyouhaveansweredallthesequestions,youwillbeaconfident,enthusiasticpresenterreadytocommunicatethesubjectofyourpresentationtoaneageraudience.

Equipment

Easilyyourmostimportantpieceofequipmentis...YOU

　　!

Makesureyou'reinfullworkingorder,andcheckyourpersonalpresentationcarefully-ifyoudon't,youraudiencewill!

theoverheadprojector（OHP）displaysoverheadtransparencies（OHTsorOHPTs）.Ithasseveraladvantagesoverthe35mmslideprojector:

　　itcanbeusedindaylight

　　theusercanfacetheaudience

　　theusercanwriteordrawdirectlyonthetransparencywhileinuse

　　thewhiteboard（morerarelyblackboardorGREenboard）isausefuldeviceforspontaneouswriting-asinbrainstorming,forexample.Forpreparedmaterial,theOHPmightbemoresuitable.Thedusterisusedforcleaningthewhiteboard.Itisessentialthatthedusterbecleantostartwith.Youmayconsidercarryingyourowndusterjustincase.Markersareusedforwritingonthewhiteboard（delible-youcanremovetheink）orflipchart（indelible-youcannotremovetheink）.Theyareusuallyavailableinblue,red,blackandgreen.Again,it'sagoodideatocarryasparesetofmarkersincaseyouaregivensomeusedoneswhichdonotwritewell."Agoodworkmanneverblameshistools."Theflipchartconsistsofseveralleavesofpaperthatyou'flip'orturnover.Somepeopleprefertheflipcharttothewhiteboard,butitsuseislimitedtosmallerpresentations.TheSlideprojector-whichmustbeusedinadarkenedroom-addsacertaindrama.Someslideprojectorscanbesynchronisedwithaudioforaudio-visual（AV）presentations.Theseprojectorsaretypicallyusedforlargerpresentations.Themajoritytake35mmslidesortransparencies（asseenhere）,butprojectorsfor6x6cmslidesarealsoavailable.Transparenciesareprojectedbyanoverheadprojectororaslideprojectorontoascreen-inthiscaseafoldingscreenwhichcanbepackedupandtransported.Thenotebookcomputerisincreasinglybeingusedtodisplaygraphicsduringpresentations.Itisoftenusedinconjunctionwithanoverheadprojector,whichactuallyprojectstheimagefromthecomputerscreenontothewallscreen.Handoutsareanydocumentsorsamplesthatyou'handout'ordistributetoyouraudience.Notethatitisnotusuallyagoodideatodistributehandoutsbeforeyourpresentation.Theaudiencewillreadthehandoutsinsteadoflisteningtoyou.

Delivery

'Delivery'referstothewayinwhichyouactuallydeliverorperformorgiveyourpresentation.Deliveryisavitalaspectofallpresentations.Deliveryisatleastasimportantascontent,especiallyinamulti-culturalcontext.

Nerves

　　Mostspeakersarealittlenervousatthebeginningofapresentation.Soitisnormalifyouarenervous.Theansweristopayspecialattentiontothebeginningofyourpresentation.Firstimpressionscount.Thisisthetimewhenyouestablisharapportwithyouraudience.Duringthistime,trytospeakslowlyandcalmly.Youshouldperhapslearnyourintroductionbyheart.Afterafewmoments,youwillrelaxandgainconfidence.

AudienceRapport

　　Youneedtobuildawarmandfriendlyrelationshipwithyouraudience.Enthusiasmiscontagious.Ifyouareenthusiasticyouraudiencewillbeenthusiastictoo.Andbecarefultoestablisheyecontactwitheachmemberofyouraudience.Eachpersonshouldfeelthatyouarespeakingdirectlytohimorher.Thismeansthatyoumustlookateachpersoninturn-inasnaturalawayaspossible.Thiswillalsogiveyoutheopportunitytodetectsignsofboredom,disinterestorevendisaGREement,allowingyoutomodifyyourpresentationasappropriate.

Yourobjectiveistocommunicate!

　　BodyLanguage

　　Whatyoudonotsayisatleastasimportantaswhatyoudosay.Yourbodyisspeakingtoyouraudienceevenbeforeyouopenyourmouth.Yourclothes,yourwalk,yourglasses,yourhaircut,yourexpression-itisfromthesethatyouraudienceformsitsfirstimpressionasyouentertheroom.Generallyspeaking,itisbettertostandratherthansitwhenmakingapresentation.Beawareofandavoidanyrepetitiveandirritatinggestures.Beaware,too,thatthemovementofyourbodyisoneofyourmethodsofcontrol.Whenyoumovetoorfromthewhiteboard,forexample,youcanmovefastorslowly,raisingorreducingthedynamismwithintheaudience.Youcanstandverystillwhiletalkingoryoucanstrollfromsidetoside.Wh