1 武汉大学基础英语.docx

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1武汉大学基础英语

8．武汉大学基础英语考研真题及详解（2012-2013）

武汉大学2013年基础英语考研真题

I.Cloze（15×1=15points）

Directions:

Fillinthenumberedblankswithproperwords.Amongthe20expressionsgiven,only15shouldbeused.Makesurethewordscomeincorrectformsintermsofbothgrammarandmeaning.

Anxiouscuesdependfrustratebelievemakeintercourse

helpentercomfortcontacttakeorientrational

longacquireremoveailinviteaware

Cultureshockmightbecalledanoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.Likemost1.______,ithasitsownsymptomsandcure.

Cultureshockisprecipitatedbythe2.______thatresultsfromlosingallourfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocial3.______.Thosesignsorcuesincludethethousandandonewaysinwhichweorientourselvestothesituationofdailylife:

whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwemeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtomakepurchases,whentoacceptandwhentorefuse4.______,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.These5.______whichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,customs,ornorms,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthe6.______weaccept.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecues,mostofwhichwedonotcarryonthelevelofconscious7.______.

Nowwhenanindividualentersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarcuesare8.______Heorsheislikeafishoutofwater.Nomatterhowbroad-mindedorflailofgoodwillyoumaybe,aseriesofpropshavebeenknockedfromunderyou,followedbyafeelingof9.______andanxiety.Peoplereacttothefrustrationinmuchthesameway.Firsttheyrejecttheenvironmentwhichcausesthe10.______.“Thewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymakeusfeelbad.”Whenforeignersinastrangelandgettogethertogrouseaboutthehostcountryanditspeople,youcanbesuretheyaresufferingfromcultureshock.Anotherphaseofcultureshockisregression.Thehomeenvironmentsuddenlyassumesatremendousimportance.Totheforeignereverythingbecomes11.______glorified.Allthedifficultiesandproblemsareforgottenandonlythegoodthingsbackhomeareremembered.Itusuallytakesatriphometobringonebacktoreality.

Someofthesymptomsofcultureshockareexcessivewashingofthehands,excessiveconcernoverdrinkingwater,fooddishes,andbedding;fearofphysical12.______withattendants,theabsent-mindedstare;afeelingof13.______andadesirefor14.______onlong-termresidentsofone’sownnationality;fitsofangeroverminorfrustrations;greatconcernoverminorpainsanderuptionsoftheskin;andfinally,thatterrible15.______tobebackhome.

II.Paraphrasetheunderlinedidiomaticexpressionsinthefollowingsentences.（5×2=10points）

1.Whensheleftherparents,shefeltthepinch.

2.Shetalkedabluestreakoverthesweetpotatoes.

3.Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones.

4.Theburglarkilledthehousemaid,thenhigh-tailedit.

5.Wellnow,I’llspellitout.

III.Paraphrasethefollowingsentences.（5×3=15points）

1.Hewillpricetheitemhigh,andyieldlittleinthebargaining.

2.Theprospectsofagoodcatchlookedbleak.

3.Shewasdeterminedtostaredownanydisasterinherefforts.

4.Butthispeacefulrevolutionofhopecannotbecomethepreyofhostilepowers.

5.Itisaworldradicallyemptiedofhistorybecauseitisaformofperceptionratherthanacontent.

IV.ReadingComprehension（20×2=40points）

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagesandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.

PassageOne

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

WhenitcomestobattlesbetweenAppleandSamsung,theconflictisoftenexploredintermsofpatentsorsmartphonesales.Butwhatabouttheirinnovationstyles?

ManagementconsultingfirmBooz&CompanyreleaseditseighthannualGlobalInnovation1000StudyinthelastweekofOctober.Amongthestudy’skeyfindingswerethatresearchanddevelopmentspendinghadreachedan“all-timehigh,”increasingby9.6percentin2011foratotal$603billion,andthatAmazonedgedoutFacebooktojointhestudy’stop10"mostinnovative"companies.Thetop10listwascompiledbasedonanswersfromsurveyrespondentswhowereaskedwhichcompaniestheyfoundtobethemostinnovative.Apple,Googleand3MtookthetopthreeslotswithSamsung,GeneralElectric,Microsoft,Toyota,Procter&Gamble,IBMand,finally,Amazonroundingouttherestofthelist.Thelastofthreekeyfindingswerethatroughlyhalfofthecorporationssurveyedratedtheireffectivenesswhenitcomestogettingproductstomarketas“average”or“marginallyeffective.”Thatfactwasdrilledhomebythesurvey’slistoftopR&Dspenders.ToyotatoppedtheResearch&Development（R&D）spenderslist,cominginseventhamongthemostinnovativecompanies.AppleandGooglewerenotlistedamongthetop20R&Dspenders,evenastheywerenamedoneandtwo,respectively,amongthe10mostinnovative.Samsung,meanwhile,wasrankedthefourthmostinnovativeandthesixthhighestoftheR&Dspenders,risingfromseventhplacetheyearbefore.

“It’snothowmuchmoneyyouspend,buthoweffectivelyyouspendittomakeyouinnovative,”saidBooz&CompanyPartnerJohnLoehrduringaphoneinterview.Loehristhegloballeaderofthefirm’sinnovationpractice,specializinginautomotive,industrialandaerospacecompanies.

“They’rebothphenomenallysuccessful,buttheybothhavedifferentinnovationmodels,”saidLoehrofAppleandSamsung,goingontodescribeAppleasa“prototypicalexampleofwhatwecalla‘needseeker’”—oracompanythatidentifiesun-metneedsinthemarketandmovestosatisfythem.Samsung,ontheotherhand,isa“marketreader,”saidLoehr.Theterm“fastfollower,”hecontinued,hasoftenbeenusedtodescribeSamsung,butLoehrmaintainsthetermgivesthecompany“shortshrift.”“They’rewaitingforsomethingtobeestablishedinthemarket,andwhenitreallytakesoff,”saidLoehr,“theygoafteritandgoafteritaggressively.”Thestrategyhasprovenadvantages,saidLoehr,citingSamsung’sstridesinthetelevisionmarket.“Successfulmarketreaderstendtofindtechnologyalternatives,”saidLoehr,Sometimesthatpathcanbefoundinthelab,andothertimesinthecourts.“That’spartofthecapabilityasamarketreader,”hesaid.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Decisivefactor:

Researchanddevelopmentspending

B.AppleVersusSamsung:

Battleoftheinnovationstrategies.

C.Innovation:

Keytosuccess

D.Secretstores:

KeyfindingsfromBooz&Company’sinnovationstudy

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisinagreementwiththefindingsofBooz&Company’sstudyreportedinthepassage?

A.“Facebook”isamongthetop10“mostinnovative”companies.

B.“Amazon”hasbeendrivenoutfromthetop10“mostinnovative”companies.

C.“Amazon”ismoreinnovativethan“Facebook”.

D.“Facebook”ismoreinnovativethan“Amazon”.

3.AccordingtothepassagewhichcompanyhasmadeResearchandDevelopmentspendingthemosteffective?

A.Apple

B.Toyota

C.Samsung

D.Amazon

4.WhatisApple’sinnovationstyle?

A.Tofollowatypicalcompany’smodel

B.Tomakephonecallsandfindpotentialcustomers.

C.Tosatisfycompanies’needs.

D.Toidentifyandfillneedsofthemarket.

5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofSamsung’sinnovationmodel?

A.ItisnotassuccessfulasthatofApple.

B.SamsungjustfollowsApple’sinnovationstyle.

C.ItisdifferentfromthatofApple.

D.SamsunghasdoneaggressiveTVcommercials.

PassageTwo

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Whenyouthinkofpsychotherapy,thefirstimagethatcomestomindmightbeoneofadistressedpatientlyingonacouch,talkingwhileadesk-boundtherapisttakesnotes.Butwhiletraditionaltalktherapycanhelppeoplestrugglingwithdepression,anxietyandthestressesofdailylife,thelatestresearchonthebrainandthemind-bodyconnectionhassparkedaproliferationofapproachesthatmayreachdeeperlevelsofemotionalhealingthantalkingalone.Talkingtakesplaceinthecognitive,or"thinking"partofthebrain,andourthoughtsareoftentheproblem.Tohelpcombatnegativeorobsessivethinking,manynewtherapeuticapproachesfocusonlettinggoofthoughtsandbecominganchoredintobodilysensations.Thoughalternativetreatmentswillprobablyneverreplacetraditionaltalktherapy,newpsychotherapeuticapproachescanbeusedinconjunctionwithtalktherapytohelppeopleachieveoptimalmentalhealth.

Alternativetreatmentsrangefromtechniquesthatarechampionedbymainstreammentalhealthprofessionalstopracticesthatarelessfrequentlyemployed.Hereisaglimpseintofourofthemorewiselyacceptednontraditionalapproaches,eachwithanelementofmind-bodyawareness.

RootedinBuddhistmeditationtechniques,mindfulnesspracticeisusuallytaughtinagroup,inwhichpeoplelearntofocusontheirbreathandbodysensationsinmoment-to-momentawareness.

Guidedimageryisamind-bodytechniquethatteachespeopletousetheirimaginationstoachievearelaxed,focusedstate.UndertheguidanceofatherapistorCD,listenersusetheirsensestoevokepositive,safe,relaxingimages.

Somaticexperiencingisabody-focusedinterventionusedtodischargetensionthatisstoredinthebodyfollowingatraumaticevent.Thetherapistdirectsthepatienttorevisittheeventinsmalldoseswhilefocusingonbodysensations,guidingthepatienttoshift,focusbackandforthbetweenthetraumaticmemoryandanimageofcomfortandsafety.Asfearsdissipatethroughoutthepatient’sbody