01年12年语言学全国卷先看梅的书以梅为教材.docx

01年12年语言学全国卷先看梅的书以梅为教材.docx

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01年12年语言学全国卷先看梅的书以梅为教材

全国2001年10月自学考试现代语言学试题及答案

一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。

1.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare"splay“RomeoandJuliet”‘Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet’wellillustrates_______.（）

A.theconventionalnatureoflanguage

B.thecreativenatureoflanguage

C.theuniversalityoflanguage

D.thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication

2.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,only_______ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.（）

A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk

3.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina_______formula"S→NPVP".（）

A.hierarchicalB.linearC.treediagramD.vertical

4.Itisthe_______onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.（）

A.CaseConditionB.parameter

C.AdjacentConditionD.AdjacentParameter

5.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze_______meaning.

A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence

6.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled_______.（）

A.commisivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives

7.Theterm_______linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.

A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative

8.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,_______,andkinterm.

A.title+firstnameB.title+title

C.titlealoneD.firstname+lastname+title

9.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"subvocalspeech,"andspeechas"_______".（）

A.vocalthoughtB.subvocalthought

C.covertthoughtD.overtthought

10.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?

_______.（）

A.Languageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation

B.Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings

C.Childrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage

D.Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse

第二部分非选择题

二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。

）

11.Inthecourseoftime,thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofs________studies,suchassociologyandpsychology.

12.Clear［1］anddark［］areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeinc________distribution.

13.Ar________isoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning.

14.Ac________sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother.

15.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc________antonyms.

16.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,thatofanu________isconcreteandcontext-dependent.

17.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample,ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian,withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm________.

18.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld,wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties,b________inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.

19.Thebrain"sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI________,whichisspecifictohumanbeings.

20.Inordertoacquireasecondlanguage,learnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknowaslanguaget________.

四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。

）

31.culturaltransmission（asadefiningfeatureofhumanlanguage）

32.phonicmediumoflanguage

33.voicing

34.inflectionalmorphemes

35.reference

36.locutionaryact

37.protolanguage

38.ethnicdialect

39.registers

40.acculturation

五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。

）

41.Whydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements?

Supportyourstatementwithexamples.

42.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception,comprehensionandproduction.

答案

一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D

6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A

二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

11.socialplementary

13.rootplex

plementary16.utterance

17.metathesis18.bilingualism

19.lateralization20.transfer

Childrenfirstacquirethesoundsfoundinalllanguagesoftheworld,nomatterwhatlanguagetheyareexposedto,andinlaterstagesacquirethe"moredifficult"sounds.

四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）

31.Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage,butdifferentfromanimals,theactualuseofhumanlanguageisnotgeneticallytransmitted,ratheritisculturallytransmitted,i.e.ithastobetaughtandlearnt.

32.Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication,i.e.thespeechsounds.

33.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.

34.Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories,suchas-ed,-（e）s,-estinEnglish.

35.Referenceiswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealworld;itisamatteroftherelationshipbetweentheformandthereality.Forexample,ifwesay,"Thedogisbarking,"wemustbetalkingaboutacertaindogknowntoboththespeakerandthehearerinthesituation.Theactualdogtheword"dog"referstointhisparticularsituationisthereferenceoftheword"dog".

36.Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords,phrases,andclauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.Forexample,bysaying"Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen",thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewordsandexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.

37.Aprotolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.Theprotoformcanbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeaningsacrossrelatedlanguages.

38.Anethnicdialectisasocialdialectofalanguage,oftencuttingacrossregionaldifferences.Itisspokenmainlybyalessprivilegedpopulationthathasexperiencedsomeformofsocialisolation,suchasracialdiscriminationorsegregation.

39.Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations,incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.Forthisreason,registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.

40.Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.

五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）

41.Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretreehasahierarchicalstructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructuralconstituent,andconsequentlyisbelievedtomosttruthfullyillustratetheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements.

Forexample,thephrase"theoldmenandwomen"mayhavetwointerpretations,i.e.theadjective"old”maymodifythenoun"men",orthefollowingtwonouns"menandwomen".Linearorderanalysiscannottellthisdifference,soitisambiguous.Whereas,theconstituentortreediagramsanalysiscanmakethisdifferenceclear.So,wesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureanalysis.

NPNP

NPNPNPNP

Theoldmenandthewomentheoldmenandtheoldwomen

42.Fromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsofperception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordinationofvariouslanguagecenters.

Whenwespeak,wordsaredrawnfromWernicke"sareaandtransferredtoBroca"sarea,whichdeterminesthedetailsoftheirformandpronunciation.Theappropriateinstructionsarethensenttothemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysicallyarticulatethewords.

Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit,thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexistransmittedtoWernicke"sarea,whereitistheninterpreted.

Whenweperceiveavisualimage,amessageissenttotheangulargyrus,whereitisconvertedintoavisualpattern

　　1.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled____________linguistics.　

　　A.general　　B.applied　　B.generative　　D.particular

　　2.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisagoodillustrationofthe___________natureoflanguage.

　　A.productive　　B.dual　　C.arbitrary　　D.displacing

　　3.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsof_____________.

　　A.mannerofarticulation　　　　　B.placeofarticulation

　　C.forceofarticulation　　　　　D.BothAandB　

　　4.WhichofthefollowingvowelisnotafrontvowelinEnglish？

　　A.[i：

]　　　B.[e]　　　C.[ɑ：

]　　　D.[i]　

　　5.Inflectionalmorphologystudies_____________.

　　A.word-formation　　　　　　　B.sentence

　　C.inflections　　　　　　　D.noneoftheabove　

　　6.Whichofthefollowingmorphemescanfunctionasbothaninflectionalaffixandaderivationalaffix？

　　A.dis-　　　B.uni-　　　C.–er　　　D.-ful　

　　7.Thetwoclausesina_______