基于价值的软件测试管理外文文献翻译中英.docx

基于价值的软件测试管理外文文献翻译中英.docx

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基于价值的软件测试管理外文文献翻译中英

基于价值的软件测试管理外文文献翻译

（含：

英文原文及中文译文）

文献出处：

RamlerR,BifflS,GrünbacherP.Value-BasedManagementofSoftwareTesting[M]//Value-BasedSoftwareEngineering.SpringerBerlinHeidelberg,2006:

225-244.

英文原文

Value-BasedManagementofSoftwareTesting

RRamler，SBiffl，PGrünbacher

Abstract

Testingisoneofthemostresource-intensiveactivitiesinsoftwaredevelopmentandconsumesbetween30and50%oftotaldevelopmentcostsaccordingtomanystudies.Testingishoweveroftennot organizethemaximizationofbusinessvalue,norisittoshoulderthemissionoftheproject.Pathtesting,branchtesting,guidancetesting,transformationtesting,scenariotesting,andrequirementstestingareallequallyimportantinallaspectsofsoftware.However,80percentofthevalueinpracticeoftencomesfrom20percentofsoftware.Inordertogetthemaximumreturnoninvestmentfromsoftwaretesting,testmanagementneedstomaximizeitsvaluecontribution.Inthischapter,wewillfurtherpromotetheneedforvalue-basedtesting,describethepracticesthatsupportvalue-basedtestmanagement,outlinetheframeworkforvalue-basedtestmanagement,andillustratetheframework.

Keywords:

value-basedsoftwaretesting,value-basedtesting,testcosts,testbenefits,testmanagement

Introduction

Testingisthemostimportantandwidelyusedmethodinthesoftwarequalityassuranceprocess.Thechecksumverificationaimstoensurethatthesoftwarerunscorrectlyandensuresthequalityofthesoftwareandthereliabilityofthesoftwarethroughcomprehensiveanalysis.InIEEE610.12（1990）,atestisdefinedastheactivityofobservingandrecordinganexecutedsystemorcomponentunderspecifiedconditionsandevaluatingthesystemorcomponent.

Testsarewidelyusedinpracticeandplayanimportantroleinmanyorganizationsthatensurequalitystrategies.Softwareaffectsthedailylivesoftensofthousandsofpeopleandshouldersarduoustasks.Therefore,softwarewillbeparticularlyimportantinthenearfuture.Researchshowsthattestingusuallyconsumes30%to50%ofsoftwaredevelopmentcosts.Evenhigherproportionsofsafetycriticalsystemsarenotsurprising.Therefore,thechallengeofsoftwaretestingistofindmoreeffectivewaystoconducteffectivetesting.

Thevalueofsoftwaretestmanagementistostrivetoreducetestcostsandmeetdemand.Valuabletestmanagementcanalsoprovidegoodguidanceonprojectgoalsandbusinessvalue.Inthefirstchapter,Boehmcitedmanypotentialtestingcosts.Thisexampleillustratestheuseof7%ofthecustomercheckouttypetocompletea50%softwaretestbenefit.Although100%testingisanimpracticalgoal,thereisstillroomforimprovementandsavingstoachievethedesiredvaluebyadjustingtestmethods.Thevaluepowerbasedonsoftwareengineeringliesinthefactthatcurrentsoftwareengineeringpracticeresearchisequallyimportantintermsofrequirements,testcases,testobjects,andproductdefects.Thispairoftestsisclearlycorrectanditcontributesindirectlytothevalueoftheproduct.Theseparationofdevelopmentandtestingmakesthisproblemevenmoreprominent.Testingisoftenapurelytechnicalissuethatwillmaketherelationshipbetweentestingandbusinessdecision-makingmorecloselylinked.Thischaptermainlydescribestheneedtoimprovevalue-basedtestmanagement,explainsitsbasicelements,discussesexistingexamplestosupportvalue-basedtesting,andthebasicframeworkofvalue-basedtestmanagement.Thebasicstructureoftherestofthischapterisasfollows:

Section11.2discussesthevalueoftestmanagementcontributions;Section11.3discussesthecasestudiesoftestmanagementsupport;Section11.4describesthevalue-basedtestmanagementframeworkwithexamples.Attheendofthischapter,wewillfurtherstudythespecifics.

DescriptionBasedonValueTest

Thegoalofvalue-basedchecksumverificationisdefinedasensuringthattheimplementationofthesoftwaremeetsitsintendedtargetvaluebenefits.Ifweconsiderfromtheperspectiveofvalue,thenwhereshouldthecontributionofthetestbe?

Basically,itcanbeconsideredfromtwoaspects:

Theinternalaspectincludesthetestcostandthetestbenefit,theexternalaspectemphasizesthefuturesystemthreatandtheopportunity.Thekeytovalue-basedtestingistocombinethesetwoaspects,thatis,toadjusttheinternaltestingprocessthroughcustomerandmarketrequirements.

Inordertocombinebothinternalandexternalfactors,itisobviouslynotappropriatetofocussolelyontechnicaltests.Onthecontrary,testmanagementneedsaglobalgrasp.

Example41describesthedependenciesbetweentheinternalandexternalaspectsoftestmanagement.Theinternalaspectislikethetestmanager'scontrolovertheentireproject.Theexpensesinthisareamainlycomefromsoftwaretestingpracticeandshort-termandlong-termtesting.Theexternalaspectisconsideredtobesomeofthebenefitsandparameterdatathatthetestsupervisorcancontrol.Value-basedsoftwaretestmanagementenablestestingtosatisfyvalue-basedvaluepropositionsandfocustheentireteamonvaluabletestdirections.

Thefirstquestionforanexternalviewofsoftwaretestingis“Howdoweensurethevalueobjectivesofthesoftwaresystem?

”Thisgoalistotestthevaluablepartsofthesoftwarefocus,themostimportantqualities,andthetimelyadjustmentofprojectrisksbycoordinatingvaluepropositions.Answeringsuchquestionsincludesmarketopportunities,projectvaluepropositions,andcost-effectiveness.Refertothefirstchapterforadetailedintroductiontoopportunitiesandrisks,andrefertoChapter7fortheintroductionandreconciliationofvaluepropositions.Internalviewsarebasedonthebenefitsofvaluepropositions,andthetestbudgetrepresentsanapproximateleveloftheentireproject.Themainproblemishowtousetestingasaninvestmentactivity.Inordertobeabletotestefficientlyandquicklyandreducethedevelopmentbudget.Appropriateinternalandexternalcommunicationcoordinationcansatisfythebenefitsoftesting.

Thevaluecontributionofthetest

Comparedtootherdevelopmentprocessessuchascodeanduserinterfacedesign,testingdoesnotimmediatelycreatevaluefortheproduct.However,testingprovidesandsupportsvaluabletaskactivitiesgeneratedduringsoftwaredevelopment.Thekeytounderstandingthevalueoftestcontributionsisthecontributionofthetest.Thecontributionofthetestestablishestherelationshipbetweenthetestandthevalueofthefinalproductvalue.

Themostdirectcustomersareprogramdevelopersandprojectmanagerswhoaredirectlylinkedtothetestteam.Theconcentrationofpowerinvalue-basedsoftwareengineeringtestingisthecustomerandtheuser（seeChapter7）.Customersandusersconducttestingbysettingthecontextandscopetoreachthevaluegoalofthetest.

Testedcustomers

Developers,projectmanagers,qualitysupervisors,customers,analysts,end-usersormaintenancestaffallbenefitfromtheanalysisofsoftwaresystems,relyonfeedbacktodetectproblems,reduceuncertainty,andmakerelevantdecisionstoaccelerateproductdevelopment..

Thefollowingexampleshowsfeedbackfromdifferentgroupsfortestrequirements:

Theextenttowhichthecustomerandtheuseraresatisfiedwiththeneedforconsistencyandtowhatextentthesoftware'svaluebenefitsaresatisfied.Testingalsoprovidesvisibilityandinsightintotheprogressoftheproject.Thetestresultscanbeusedtounderstandthetestcasesthathavepassed.Whentheacceptancetestappearsunpracticalorfailstoappearintheactualenvironment,theαandβtestsprovideamoresolidbasistoverifytheresults.∙Salesandproductexecutivesobtainrelevantinformationfromtestplans,pricing,promotions,anddistribution.Thedifferencebetweentheactualqualityoftheproductandthequalityexpectedbythecustomerandtheusercaneasilyleadtomisunderstandingsandmisconceptionsthatreduceorpreventtherealizationoftruevalue.Inordertobeabletosuccessfullymeettheseexpectationsandmeetthegoalsofindividualsororganizations,productdesignisadjustedtocustomerneedstomeetcertainfunctions.Forprojectmanagers,testingsupportsriskmanagementandprojectprocessestimation.Thefocusisonidentifyingandeliminatingtheriskofpotentialdamageandthesuppressionofvaluemerit.Theseriousshortcomingsthatsignificantlyreducedprojectperformanceintheearlystageswereamajorgoal.Testingreducesuncertaintyandhelpsprojectmanagersmakebetter,smarterdecisionsaboutremovingdefects,systemstability,andproductupdates.

Qualitymanagersaremoreinterestedintheidentificationofissuesanddynamictrendsinspecificissues.Thetestresultshelpedtheevaluationoftheproject,theassuranceofthequalitystrategyandtheimprovementoftheprocess.Rosenbergdiscusseshowtestingcancontributetoensuringqualityandshowshowtestproblemscanbeverifiedashowtoimprovetheprocessoftheproject.Developersandusersunderstandthecurrentstateofrelatedissuesandproviderelevantdatatomeasureandpredictsoftwarequalityandreliability.

Developersoftenneedtoobtainfeedbacktoverifythatthetestimplementationiscomplete,meetsstandards,andmeetsqualityrequirements.Inordertoensurestability,thetestprovidesdetailedinformationaboutthedefectandindicateswhythetestfailed.Inaddition,testsprovidefeedbackontheimprovementofprojectdefects.Forexample,itisnecessarytopayattentiontotheneedtotestwhethertheoriginalfunctionhasbeenchangedorthedeclinehasoccurredwiththerelevantchanges.

Fordemandengineers,t