Level8unit3part2healing arhitecture.docx

Level8unit3part2healing arhitecture.docx

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Level8unit3part2healingarhitecture

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EveryweekendforaslongasIcanremember, myfatherwouldgetuponaSaturday, putonawornsweatshirt andhe'dscrapeaway atthesqueakyoldwheelofahousethatwelivedin. Iwouldn'tevencallitrestoration; itwasaritual,catharsis. Hewouldspendallyearscrapingpaintwiththisoldheatgun andaspackleknife, andthenhewouldrepaintwherehescraped, onlytobeginagainthefollowingyear. Scrapingandre-scraping,paintingandrepainting:

 theworkofanoldhouseisnevermeanttobedone.

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Thedaymyfatherturned52,Igotaphonecall. Mymotherwasontheline totellmethatdoctorshadfoundalumpinhisstomach-- terminalcancer,shetoldme, andhehadbeengivenonlythreeweekstolive.

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IimmediatelymovedhometoPoughkeepsie,NewYork, tositwithmyfatherondeathwatch, notknowingwhatthenextdayswouldbringus. Tokeepmyselfdistracted, Irolledupmysleeves, andIwentaboutfinishingwhathecouldnownolongercomplete-- therestorationofouroldhome.

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Whenthatloomingthree-weekdeadlinecame andthenwent, hewasstillalive. Andatthreemonths,hejoinedme. Weguttedandrepaintedtheinterior. Atsixmonths,theoldwindowswererefinished,andat18months, therottedporchwasfinallyreplaced.

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Andtherewasmyfather, standingwithmeoutside,admiringaday'swork, haironhishead,fullyinremission, whenheturnedtomeandhesaid, "Youknow,Michael, thishousesavedmylife."

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Sothefollowingyear,Idecidedtogotoarchitectureschool.

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（Laughter）

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Butthere,Ilearnedsomethingdifferentaboutbuildings. Recognitionseemedtocome tothosewhoprioritizednovelandsculpturalforms, likeribbons,or... pickles?

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（Laughter）

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AndIthinkthisissupposedtobeasnail.

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Somethingaboutthisbotheredme. Whywasitthatthebestarchitects,thegreatestarchitecture-- allbeautifulandvisionaryandinnovative-- isalsosorare, andseemstoservesoveryfew?

 Andmoretothepoint:

 Withallofthiscreativetalent,whatmorecouldwedo?

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JustasIwasabouttostartmyfinalexams, Idecidedtotakeabreakfromanall-nighter andgotoalecturebyDr.PaulFarmer, aleadinghealthactivistfortheglobalpoor. Iwassurprisedtohearadoctortalkingaboutarchitecture. Buildingsaremakingpeoplesicker,hesaid, andforthepoorestintheworld, thisiscausingepidemic-levelproblems. InthishospitalinSouthAfrica, patientsthatcameinwith,say,abrokenleg, towaitinthisunventilatedhallway, walkedoutwithamultidrug-resistantstrandoftuberculosis. Simpledesignsforinfectioncontrolhadnotbeenthoughtabout, andpeoplehaddiedbecauseofit.

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"Wherearethearchitects?

"Paulsaid. Ifhospitalsaremakingpeoplesicker, wherearethearchitectsanddesigners tohelpusbuildanddesignhospitalsthatallowustoheal?

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Thatfollowingsummer, IwasinthebackofaLandRoverwithafewclassmates, bumpingoverthemountainoushillsideofRwanda. Forthenextyear,I'dbelivinginButarointhisoldguesthouse,whichwasajailafterthegenocide. Iwastheretodesignandbuildanewtypeofhospital withDr.Farmerandhisteam. Ifhallwaysaremakingpatientssicker, whatifwecoulddesignahospitalthatflipsthehallwaysontheoutside, andmakespeoplewalkintheexterior?

 Ifmechanicalsystemsrarelywork, whatifwecoulddesignahospitalthatcouldbreathe throughnaturalventilation, andmeanwhilereduceitsenvironmentalfootprint?

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Andwhataboutthepatients'experience?

 Evidenceshowsthatasimpleviewofnature canradicallyimprovehealthoutcomes, Sowhycouldn'twedesignahospital whereeverypatienthadawindowwithaview?

 Simple,site-specificdesignscanmakeahospitalthatheals.

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Designingitisonething; gettingitbuilt,welearned,isquiteanother.

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WeworkedwithBruceNizeye, abrilliantengineer, andhethoughtaboutconstructiondifferently thanIhadbeentaughtinschool. Whenwehadtoexcavatethisenormoushilltop andabulldozerwasexpensiveandhardtogettosite, Brucesuggesteddoingitbyhand, usingamethodinRwandacalled"Ubudehe," whichmeans"communityworksforthecommunity." Hundredsofpeoplecamewithshovelsandhoes, andweexcavatedthathill inhalfthetimeandhalfthecostofthatbulldozer.Insteadofimportingfurniture,Brucestartedaguild, andhebroughtinmastercarpenterstotrainothers inhowtomakefurniturebyhand. Andonthisjobsite, 15yearsaftertheRwandangenocide,Bruceinsistedthatwebringonlaborfromallbackgrounds, andthathalfofthembewomen.

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Brucewasusingtheprocessofbuildingtoheal, notjustforthosewhoweresick, butfortheentirecommunityasawhole. Wecallthisthelocallyfabricatedwayofbuilding,or"lo-fab," andithasfourpillars:

 hirelocally, sourceregionally, trainwhereyoucan andmostimportantly, thinkabouteverydesigndecisionasanopportunity toinvestinthedignityoftheplaceswhereyouserve. Thinkofitlikethelocalfoodmovement, butforarchitecture. Andwe'reconvincedthatthiswayofbuilding canbereplicatedacrosstheworld, andchangethewaywetalkaboutandevaluatearchitecture.

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Usingthelo-fabwayofbuilding, evenaestheticdecisionscanbedesignedtoimpactpeople'slives.InButaro,wechosetousealocalvolcanicstone foundinabundancewithinthearea, butoftenconsideredanuisancebyfarmers, andpiledonthesideoftheroad. Weworkedwiththesemasonstocutthesestones andformthemintothewallsofthehospital. Andwhentheybeganonthiscornerandwrappedaroundtheentirehospital, theyweresogoodatputtingthesestonestogether, theyaskedusiftheycouldtakedowntheoriginalwallandrebuildit. Andyouseewhatispossible. It'sbeautiful. Andthebeauty,tome, comesfromthefactthatIknowthathandscutthesestones, andtheyformedthemintothisthickwall, madeonlyinthisplacewithrocksfromthissoil.

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Whenyougooutsidetodayandyoulookatyourbuiltworld, asknotonly:

 "Whatistheenvironmentalfootprint?

"--animportantquestion-- butwhatifwealsoasked, "Whatisthehumanhandprintofthosewhomadeit?

"

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Westartedanewpracticebasedaroundthesequestions, andwetesteditaroundtheworld. LikeinHaiti, whereweaskedifanewhospitalcouldhelpendtheepidemicofcholera. Inthis100-bedhospital, wedesignedasimplestrategy tocleancontaminatedmedicalwastebeforeitentersthewatertable, andourpartnersatLesCentresGHESKIO arealreadysavinglivesbecauseofit.

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OrMalawi:

 weaskedifabirthingcentercouldradicallyreduce maternalandinfantmortality. Malawihasoneofthehighestratesofmaternalandinfantdeath intheworld. Usingasimplestrategytobereplicatednationally, wedesignedabirthingcenter thatwouldattractwomenandtheirattendants tocometothehospitalearlierandthereforehavesaferbirths.

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OrintheCongo,whereweasked ifaneducationalcentercouldalsobeused toprotectendangeredwildlife. Poachingforivoryandbushmeat isleadingtoglobalepidemic,diseasetransferandwar. Inoneofthehardest-to-reachplacesintheworld, weusedthemudandthedirtandthewoodaroundus toconstructacenter thatwouldshowuswaystoprotectandconserveourrichbiodiversity.

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EvenhereintheUS, wewereaskedtorethink thelargestuniversityforthedeafandhardofhearingintheworld. Thedeafcommunity,throughsignlanguage, showsusthepowerofvisualcommunication.Wedesignedacampusthatwouldawakentheways inwhichweashumansallcommunicate, bothverballyandnonverbally.

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AndeveninPoughkeepsie,myhometown, wethoughtaboutoldindustrialinfrastructure. Wewondered:

 Couldweuseartsandcultureanddesigntorevitalizethiscity andotherRustBeltcitiesacrossournation, andturnthemintocentersforinnovationandgrowth?

 Ineachoftheseprojects,weaskedasimplequestion:

 Whatmorecanarchitecturedo?

 Andbyaskingthatquestion, wewereforcedtoconsiderhowwecouldcreatejobs, howwecouldsourceregionally andhowwecouldinvestinthedignityofthecommunities inwhichweserve.

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Ihavelearned thatarchitecturecanbeatransformativeengineforchange.

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Aboutayearago,Ireadanarticle aboutatirelessandintrepidcivilrightsleader namedBryanStevenson.

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（Applause）

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AndBryanhadaboldarchitecturalvision. Heandhisteamhadbeendocumenting theover4,000lynchingsofAfrican-Americans thathavehappenedintheAmericanSouth. Andtheyhadaplantomarkeverycountywheretheselynchingsoccurred, andbuildanationalmemorialtothevictimsoflynching inMontgomery,Alabama.

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CountrieslikeGermanyandSouthAfrica and,ofcourse,Rwanda, havefounditnecessarytobuildmemorials toreflectontheatrocitiesoftheirpast, inordertohealtheirnationalpsyche. WehaveyettodothisintheUnitedStates.

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SoIsentacoldemailtoinfo@equaljusticeintiative.org:

 "DearBryan,"itsaid, "Ithinkyourbuildingproject ismaybethemostimportantprojectwecoulddoinAmerica andcouldchangethewaywethinkaboutracialinjustice. Byanychance, doyouknowwhowilldesignit?

"

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（Laughter）

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Surprisingly,shockingly, Bryangotrightbacktome, andinvitedmedowntomeetwithhisteamandtalktothem. Needlesstosay,Icanceledallmymeetings andIjumpedonaplanetoMontgomery,Alabama. WhenIgotthere, Bryanandhisteampickedmeup,andwewalkedaroundthecity. Andtheytookthetimetopointout themanymarkersthathavebeenplacedalloverthecity tothehistoryoftheConfederacy, andtheveryfe