Bullfighting.docx

Bullfighting.docx

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Bullfighting

TheGlobalizationofBullfighting:

Animals’awarenesshasdiscouragedthebullfightinginSpain,MexicoandOman

Erick

Justin

Feng

GlobalizationandInternationalAffairs

December3,2013

Dr.Richardson

Introduction

Bullfighting,asatraditionalcustominSpain,MexicoandOmanhasalonghistory.Althoughtheearliesthistoricalrecordsofbullfightingdatebackto2000B.C.,modernbullfightingwasintroducedtotheworldbySpain,andhasbeenapartofSpanishcultureforabout300years.Itisoftencalledabloodsportbyitsdetractorsbutfollowersofthespectacleregarditasafineartandnotasportastherearenoelementsofcompetitionintheproceedings（Shubert,1999）.However,recentlyabout180000peoplegettogethertosignonthepetition,thelocalgovernmentofnortheasternSpaincalledCataloniaareaisdebatingbanningthesportattachedsocloselytoSpainimage（Novey,2008）.Thisessayisbasedonthequestion:

HasglobalizationofanimalrightsawarenessdiscouragedbullfightinginMexico,SpainandOmansince1993topresent.OurgroupanswerisglobalizationofanimalrightsawarenesshasdiscouragedbullfightinginMexico,SpainandOmansince1993topresent.Firstly,thisessayexploresthistopicinthebriefhistoryofbullfightingandanimalrightsactivities,thecurrentsituationofbullfighting.Secondly,thispaperpresentsthreespecificcountries’studiesonhowglobalanimalawarenessproteststhebullfightinginSpain,MexicoandOmanandtheconcretecomparisonbetweenthesethreecases.Finally,solutionstotheproblemswillbeproposed.

Scope,MethodologyandImportantDefinitions

BullfightingasapartofcustomandlocalculturehasalonghistoryinSpain,MexicoandOman.Peopleregardbullfightingasnotonlyakindofsportinourdailylifebutalsoaformofartfullofcourage.Thisessaywillfocusonthebullfightingfrom20stcenturybecause,withthedevelopmentofglobaleconomicinrecentyears,theglobalizationofbullfighting,apartofculture,hasalsobeenaheatedtopic.Itnowadaysraisesstrongprotestfromthepublicforthesakeofleavingourchildrenawayfromaggressionandviolenceandtoappealthatanimalandhumanmusthavetheequalrights.

Toexaminetheresearchquestionthispaperhadbeenwrittenbasedontheprimarilyqualitativesourcesandsomequantitiessourceswhichincludestatisticsandevaluations.Qualitativesourcesareusedondescribethehistoryofanimalrightsactivities,thedevelopmentofbullfightingandthereasonsanimalawarenessprotestthedevelopmentofbullfighting.Quantitiessourcescomposedofthepopulationofanimalrightssupporteranddemographics.Thisstudyusessurveyswhichincludethreecounties,Spain,MexicoandOmantosupporttheargumentsandprovidetypicalexamplesintheworld.Eachdescribesstartwiththebackgroundofbullfightingandanimalrightsactivitiestoexplainhowanimalawarenessdiscouragesthebullfighting.Bothprimaryandsecondarysourcesareusedinthisessay.Theprimarysourcesaresomestatisticscomefromsomegovernmentofficialwebsitewhilethesecondarysourcesincludessomejournalsandarticles.

ImportantDefinition

ResearchTopicTerm

Bullfighting:

Spain:

Bullfightingisthepublicentertainmentandcultureinwhichpeopletrytokillbullsinbullfights.However,governmenthaslimitedthematchesinsomearearecentlybecauseoftheanimalrightsactivitiesandstrongvoiceofpositiveeducationtochildren.

Mexico:

BullfightinginMexicoisinfluencedbySpain,peopletherestresslessabouttheprotestthanSpain.

Violence:

Matadormustkillthebulltowinthematchaftervariouscruel,bloodyandviolentcapework.

OtherImportantDefinition:

AnimalRights:

Peoplewhoareconcernedwithanimalrightsbelieveverystronglythatanimalsshouldnotbeexploitedorharmedbyhumans.

Background

BullfightingoriginatesdfromSpainat711A.D.whenthefirstbullfighttookplaceincelebrationforofKingAlfonsoVIII’scrowning.Thenumbersofpeopletakepartinthematches’watchinginSpaintotaledtoonemillioneveryyear.ItisverycommoninSpainthatthousandsofSpaniardspouringtotheirlocalbull-ringeveryweekend.However,thefirsttimeofsuggestionpreventingmaltreatinganimalscoulddatebacktoonethousandyearsagoinGreekandRoman.Atthesametime,famousphilosopherssuchasPythagorasproposedthatitwasnotequaltoeatandmaltreatanimals（Cochrane,2007）.Atthatmoment,somepeoplebelievethatanimalsaretheancestorofhumansowemustshowourrespecttothem.ThiskindofopiniongraduallyformedareligionandanorganizationinAsia,EuropeandalsoAmerica（Dombrowski,2004）.Nowadays,therearestillsomepeopleinheritthebeliefsotheprotestagainstbullfightingspreadwithahighspeed.Non-religiouspeoplepaymuchmoreattentionanimalrights.ForexampleBarcelonahasregardeditselfasacitycalledanti-bullfighting,andhasled38Catalanmunicipalitiestotakeitsactivity.TheendeavorcausedthelastbullringinBarcelonaclosed,becauseofpoorattendancein2006（Douglass,2007）.

CaseStudy-Spain

TheoriginsofBullfightingcanbetracedbacktoancientRome.MoorsbringthissporttoSpain.ThesefightsmayhaveoccurredbecausetheRomanCircusthroughtheVisigothswhoconqueredRomanSpainbeforethecomingoftheMohammedans.TheMoorsheldbullfightsinthehalf-ruinedRomanamphitheatersinToledo,Merida,Tarragona,Cordobaandotherplaces.Nowadays,Spanishcitieshaveadoptedbullfightingasatraditionalfestival.Bullfightinghasbecomecertainlyoneofthebest-knownandviewingthematcheshasalsobecomeamajorformofentertainmentinlocalandaclassicaltouristattraction,especiallyinsouthernSpain（Salvadó,2008）.Thiskindofopinionisthesameastheopponentsofaban,whoasalways,fellbackonthistradition.Theyinsistonthatit'sthenationalfiesta,andit'swhatthebullsarebredfor,andjustbeforethecorrida,theyhaveagreatlifeinthecountrysidebeforethecorrida.

Toitsaficionados,bullfightingisanart.However,somewouldsayadyingart.Asamatteroffact,PrimeMinisterJoseLuisRodriguezZapatero,electedin2004,paymuchattentionandlesssympathytobullfighting,banningchildrenunder14viewingthematchesandlimitedtelevision’sbroadcasting（Granaetal,2003）.ThepolicyhascarriedoutpossiblybecauseThebullmaypossiblyseemsapopularandfullofenergylooksthebravestandthemostepidemic,mayactuallybethemostfearfulandnervous.Thisaggressiveemotionmightbesensedbychildrenwhentheysitintheauditoriumorwhentheysitonthesofawhentheyathomewhichleavesthemwithterror,orextremestressintheirheart.Parentsalsocannotstandandbesure,theirchildren,whoareverynativeandlovely,whentheyseethecruelsanguinaryscene,whethercantheystillbeinnocent.Sotheremusthasothervoiceexcepttherightsthatoppositethebullfighting.ThefamouscityofBarcelonahasalsomadeeffortstostopthetorturethatbullsfaceinthearena.In2004,adeclarationhasbeenpassedthatcondemnedbullfighting,butcameshortofbanningit.Spain'snortheastregionofCataloniahammeredanothernailintothecoffininJuly2010,whentheregionalparliamentvotedtobanitfrom2012.Afterthat,though125,000peopleattendedbullfightsasusualinBarcelona’sMonumentalBullringin2008,exploredthedeclarationalonewasnotenoughandeffective.InSpain’sCanaryIslands,however,thesporthasbeenundisputedbanned.Wecanonlyhopeotherswillfollow.Thereisagroupofstatisticsthatabout250,000bullsareestimatedtodieeachyearinwhichcountrypermitthissport,andabout60,000ofthekillsoccurringinSpain（Simonis,2012）.

AwarenessabouttheneedtoprotectanimalrightshasbecomemuchstrongeracrossEuropeinrecentyears.Earlierthismonth,theEuropeanUnionlimitedsealproductsincondemnationofCanada'sbrutalsealhunt（Novey,2008）.SuchsuccessfulcaseshavenonecessitytobethefreshesttopicinSpainonaccountofwaveafterwaveofcivilprotestandthegovernment’srestriction.So,nowadaysinSpain,bullfightinghasthetendencytobeanhistoricalculturetosomeextents.Ifwewanttowatchthelivingmatches,someessentialmeasuresmustbecarriedout.

CaseStudy-Mexico

BullfightinghascloselyconnectedwithMexicoasthehomeofthelargestbullringintheworld.TheSpaniardstaketheirentertainmenttoatotallyNewWorld,thenbullfightingtookrootinMexicoquickly,wheretodaymorebullfightsareheldthananywhereelseexceptSpain.TheSpanishconquistadorsbroughtbullfightingtoMexicoandtherestofLatinAmericainthe1500s.OnJune26,1526,bullfightingfirstlycameoutinMexico,accordingtothewebsite.PeoplethereheldasplendidbullfightinMexicoCityforthesakeofmemorytheexplorerHermanComes,whohadjustcomebackfromHonduras.Fromthatmoment,bullfightswerestagedalloverMexico.Oncetheimportantthingsoccurred,peoplewouldrushtotheretohavethecelebration.Today,thereareabout220permanentbullringsexistsinMexico,PlazadeTorosisthebiggestoneamongthemanditisalsothebiggestbullfightingstadiumtheentireworld.Itopenedin1946andcanseatthe6000peopleatthesametime.ThebullfightingseasonstartsfromtoNovember.Whenitopened,thebullringwaspersonallyblessedbytheArchbishopofMexicoandinvitedtwoexcellentmatadors,whoweremostfamousinMexico,ManuelRodriguezandLuisProcuna（Guevara,2003）.

Therealsoappearssomeopposition.OnFebruary6,2012,thevolunteersofanimalprotectionhalf-nakedtoprotestthatthegovernmentmustbanthebullfightingandappealanimals’equalrightswithhuma