完整版高中定语从句答案版41.docx
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完整版高中定语从句答案版41
定语从句学案和练习
一.定语从句的基本定义
放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
eg.TheboywhoisreadingisTom.
先行词关系代词
Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.
先行词关系副词
二.关系词的分类
1.关系代词：
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：
that,which,who,whom,whose,as
2.关系副词
关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：
when,where,why
三.关系代词的基本用法
1.关系代词的基本用法
关系代词
指代的先行词
充当从句的成分
who
人
主语，宾语，表语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
whose
人或物
定语（+n）
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
①who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.
②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
Theman（whom）InoddedtoisMr.Li.
③which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
作宾语时，可省略。
Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.
Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.
④that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
作宾语时，可省略。
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。
不可省略。
Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.
Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.
2.关系代词的用法注意点
（1）以下情况只能用that。
①当先行词被最高级修饰时。
如：
TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.
②当先行词被序数词修饰时。
如：
ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.
③当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。
如：
ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.
当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。
如：
ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.
⑤当先行词中有人又有物时。
如：
Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
（2）以下情况不用that：
1.介词之后。
指物用which，指人用whom.
Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.
HeisthestudentwithwhomIsit.
2.引导非限制性定语从句
IamreadingHarryPorter,whichisaninterestingbook.
巩固练习1：
用适当的关系词填空
1）.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_____________Igaveher.
2）.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer.
3）.Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.
4）.Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.
5）.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell.
6）.Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.
7）.Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.
8）Thefirstlesson_______Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.
9）All________wehavetodoistopracticeeveryday.
10）Theytalkedofthingsandpersons__________theyrememberedintheschool.
11）Themanto______IspokeisfromCanada.
12）IamreadingHarryPorter,______isaninterestingbook.
[答案]1.which/that2.whose3.who/that
4.who/whom/that5.whose6.which/that7.which/that8.that9.that10.that11.whom12.which
四.关系副词的用法
1.关系副词的基本用法
关系副词
指代的先行词
充当从句的成分
when
表时间的名词/名词词组
时间状语
where
表地点的名词/名词词组
地点状语
why
表原因的名词
原因状语
①用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。
如：
Istillrememberthedaywhen（=onwhich）IfirstcametoNanjing.
Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen（=inwhich）WorldWarⅡbrokeout.
②用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。
如：
Thisisthefarmwhere（=onwhich）weworkedwhenwewereyoung.
Theschoolwhere（=inwhich）hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.
③用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“for+关系代词”。
如：
Thereareseveralreasonswhy（=forwhich）theboysshouldbepunished.
Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereasonwhy（=forwhich）hewaslateforschool.
先行词是theway，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/inwhich或省略。
Ididn'tliketheway_______________shetalkedtome.
Theway_________________heteachesEnglishisinteresting.
（that/inwhich）（that/inwhich）
巩固练习2：
用适当的关系词填空
1）October1,1949wastheday________Chinawasfounded.
2）Beijingistheplace_______Ilive.
3）Isthisthereason________hedidn’twanttoseeme?
4）Isthistheroom________wewerelivinglastwinter?
5）Thedaysaregone_______weused“foreignoil”.
6）Yesterday,wehadameeting_______wediscussedmanyproblems.
[答案]1.when/onwhich2.where/inwhich3.why/forwhich4.where/inwhich5.when/duringwhich6.where/atwhich
巩固练习3:
对比练习：
用适当的关系词填空
1）.Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.
Theroom___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.
2）.Iwillneverforgettheday_______________Imetyou.
Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.
3）.Thereason_____________Idon’tknowisknowntohim.
Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.
4）..I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtogether.
I’llneverforgetthedays__________wespenttogether.
5）.Iwenttotheplace______________Iworkedtenyearsago.
Iwenttotheplace__________Ivisitedtenyearsago.
6）.Thisisthereason_____________hewaslate.
Thisisthereason__________hegave。
[答案]1.where/inwhich（that/which）2.when/onwhich（that/which）3.（that/which）why/forwhich4.when/inwhich（that/which）
5.where/inwhich（which/that）6.why/forwhichthat/which
五、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.介词+关系代词（在句中作状语）=关系副词
1）介词的选用考虑与先行词的搭配关系或与谓语动词的搭配习惯
2）介词＋whom/which
Theschool（which/that）heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=
Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
Thisistheboy（whom/who/that）Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.=
ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.
巩固练习4:
用适当的关系词填空
1.Mygrandpawasbornin1939______theWorldWarⅡbrokeout.
2.KunMingisabeautifulplace______flowersareseenalltheyearround.
3.Thesong,________weareinterestedwillbebroadcasttonight.
4.Heisthehero________weareproud.
5.Thisisthecollege________we’llvisitafamousactor.
6.Theearth________weliveisabigroundball.
7.Doyoulikethebook________shespent$10?
8.Doyoulikethebook________shepaid$10?
9.Doyouliketheteacher__________shelearnedalot?
10.Doyouliketheteacher___________wearetalking?
[答案]1.inwhich/when2.inwhich/where3.inwhich4.ofwhom5.inwhich6.onwhich7.onwhich8.forwhich9.fromwhom10.aboutwhom
2.名词/代词/数词+介词of+关系代词：
Theyliveinahouse,thedoorofwhichfacessouth.
Therearefourstudentsintheclassroom,allofwhomareworkinghard.
LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.
六、关系代词as引导定语从句
1.as引导限定性定语从句：
先行词有such,thesame时，要用as。
Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.
WouldyouliketobuythesamepenasIhave?
2.as引导非限定性定语从句：
代替整个句子，as从句位于句首、句中或句末。
as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。
as多用于下列习惯用语中：
asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样
asiswellknown=asisknowntoall众所周知
aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样
asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样
ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述
asismentionedabove正如上面提到的
Asiswellknown,theearthgoesaroundthesun.
Theearthisround,asweallknow.
注意比较：
Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.
Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.
3.as,which引导非限制定语从句时的区别
1）从意义上来看，which可以译为“这/那”；as译为“正如、象”
Thestudentforgottobringhisdictionary,asisoftenthecase.
Thestudentforgottobringhisdictionary,whichmadetheteacherangry.
2）as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在句首，又可在句末；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能用句末。
如：
Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.
Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearth.
Themoontravelsroundtheearth,asisknowntoall.
3）当非限制性定语从句谓语为被动形式时，习惯上用as引导。
这种用法有的已形成固定的句式。
如asisknowntoall（众所周知）,asissaidabove（如上所述）,ashasbeenpointedout（像所指出的那样）等。
4）在非限制性定语从句中用作实义动词“make,upset,delay,worry”等的主语时，用which引导.
e.g.Hisdogdied,whichmadehimverysad.
5）当非限制性定语从句为否定句时，常用which引导.
Mr.Smithpraisedherinpublic,whichshedidn’tlikesomuch.
巩固练习5:
用适当的关系词填空
1.Hemarriedher,______wasnatural.
2.Heishonest,______wecansee.
3.______isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
4.Heisfromthesouth,______wecanknowfromhisaccent.
5.John,______youknow,isafamouswriter.
6.ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,______Idon’tbelieve.
7.Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,______madehisteacherveryangry.
8.Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,______madethemveryheavy.
9.I’veneverheardsuchstories______hetells.
10.Thisisthesamedictionary______Ilostlastweek.
[答案]1.which2.as3.As4.as5.as6.which7.which8.which9.as10.as
七、限定性、非限定性定语从句
1.限定性定语从句是对先行词起限定作用的。
去掉这个从句则整句话不完整或不成立，翻译成一个句子。
Eg:
Hewhodoesn’tgototheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
-----Heisnotatrueman.不完整
Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.
-----Thisistheplace.（不明确,不完整）
ThemooncakethathasegginitisthemooncakewhichIlikebest.
Themooncakeisthemooncake.不成立
大多数定语从句是限定性定语从句。
2.非限定性定语从句是对先行词起解释、说明作用的。
去掉这个从句整句话仍成立,用逗号隔开，翻译成两个句子。
Eg:
Ihaveadog,whichcandomanythingsforme.
Thebook,whichhelostyesterday,hasbeenfound.
注意：
1）that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
Hefailedintheexam,thatmadehismotherveryangry.（错,应用which）
2）在非限制性定语从句中whom作宾语时，通常不可用who代替。
Thisisthegirlwhom/whoImetinthestreet.（限制性）
Theyoungmanhadanewfriend,whomhewantedtoimpressed.（非限制性）
3）关系词在引导限制性定语从句时作宾语时，可以省略，但在引导非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
Thisisthebook（that/which）helostyesterday.（限制性）
Thebook,whichhelostyesterday,hasbeenfound.（非限制性）
3.一定要用非限制性定语从句的情况：
1）当先行词指地名或人名尤其是伟人时。
London,whichliesontheRiverThames,isthecapitalofEngland.
2）当先行词是指世界上独一无二的东西时。
Themoon,whichdoesn’tgivelightitself,isthesatelliteofourearth.
3）当先行词是指生身父母时。
Myfather,whoisadoctor,livesinLondon.
4）当先行词指合法婚姻的夫妇时。
Hiswife,wholoveshimverymuch,issometimesangrywithhim.
5）当关系代词which,as代表整个主句的意义时。
Theyarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.
定语从句综合练习
一）、用恰当的词填空
1.Idon’twanttohiretheboy_whose___fatherisnowinprison.
2.Joincludedsomephotos__that_wouldhelpRosemarypicturetheplacesabout__which________shetalked.
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