大学英语期末考精彩试题阅读题题库急加DN终审稿Word格式.docx

大学英语期末考精彩试题阅读题题库急加DN终审稿Word格式.docx

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Contraryto“commonknowledge”,nonsmokersdonotgenerallyeatmorethansmokers,nordotheyexerciseless,studiesfind.Researchperformedonsmokersatrestindicatesthatnicotine（尼古丁）itselfcanincreasebasalmetabolic（新陈代谢的）rates,meaningsmokersburnmoreenergythannonsmokersduringperiodsofinactivity.Butsurveyssuggestmostsmokerssmokenotwhilecompletelyatrest,butwhileperforminglightactivitiessuchasdeskworkthatcanincreasemetabolicratesbytwoorthreetimes.Unlessnicotine’smetaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallywithmetabolicrates,itsinfluenceonweightmightbeinsignificant.

Nowastudyshowsthatnicotine’seffectsonbody-fuelconsumptionindeedincreaseproportionallywithincreasesinactivity.“Theseresultsindicatethatthemetaboliceffectofnicotinemayplayagreaterpartinaccountingforbody-weightdifferencesbetweensmokersandnonsmokersthanwaspreviouslybelieved,”saysKennethA.PerkinsandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine.

Theresearchersgaveanicotinenosespraytoindividualsperforminglightwork—inthiscaseridinganexercisebicyclemodifiedtoalloweasyridingwhilesubjectsremainseatedinacomfortablearmchair.Theactivityraisedrestingmetabolicratestwotothreetimes.

Byanalyzingairbreathedout,theresearcherscalculatedenergyconsumptioninthearmchairbicyclistsbeforeandaftergivingthenosesprayandcomparedtherelativechangeswithsubjectsinthecontrolgroupgivenplacebo（（试验药物用的）无效对照剂）nosesprays.Relativetotheirbaselinebicycleexpenditures,individualsinthenicotinegroupexpendedconsiderablymoreenergythandidthoseincontrolgroupwhiledoingthesameamountofwork.Withnicotine,Perkinssays,“It’sasifthebodyisbecomingmuchlessefficientinusingitsstoredenergy.”

Whiletheresultsmayseemdiscouragingtosmokerswho’dliketoquitwithoutgainingweight,Perkinsnotesthatwalkinganextramileadayshouldmakeupforthedifferenceinmetabolicefficiency.Andhesayssmokerswouldhavetogain“wellmorethan50pounds”tocounterbalancethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking.

1.Whatmight“commonknowledge”sayaboutsmokersandnonsmokers

A）Smokerseatmoreandexercisemorethannonsmokers.

B）Smokerseatlessandexerciselessthannonsmokers.

C）Smokerseatlessandexercisemorethannonsmokers.√

D）Smokerseatmoreandexerciselessthannonsmokers.

答案：

C

2.Whenmightnicotineinfluencesmokers’weightsignificantly

A）WhenNicotine’smetaboliceffectsandmetabolicratesincreaseatthesamerate.√

B）Whilesmokersareexercising.

C）Whilesmokersareatrest.

D）WhenNicotine’smetaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallywiththeamountoflightactivities.

A

3.Theword“subjects”inthefourthparagraphmeans.

A）peopleundermedicaltreatment

B）researchers

C）peopleundergoinganexperiment√

D）addictedsmokers

4.Whathavetheresearchersfoundoutintheirstudy

A）Peopleinthearmchairexpendedmoreenergythanpeopledoingdeskwork.

B）Peopleinthecontrolgroupbreathedoutmoreair.

C）Peoplewithoutnicotinenosesprayarebecomingmuchlessefficientinusingenergy.

D）Peopleinthenicotinegroupconsumedmoreenergy.√

D

5.Whydothestudyresultsseemdiscouragingtosomesmokersaccordingtothepassage

A）Becausetheywanttogainweighttotacklethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking.

B）Becausetheywanttoquitsmokingandstillkeepfit.√

C）Becausetheywanttowalkinganextramileadaytolosesomeweight.

D）Becausetheywanttokeepfitwithouthavingtoquitsmoking.

B

AcertainamountofcontroversyhasbeencausedbythepublicationofanewreportbyateamofeducationalistsheadedbyPro.B.J.Smith.Thereportclaimstohavestatisticalevidencethatchildrenwhoattendanumberofdifferentschoolsthroughtheirparentshavingtomovearoundthecountryaremorethannormallyvulnerabletoaviciouscycleoflowacademicachievement.Therearealsoindications,saysProfessorSmith,ofanunusuallyhighrateofpsychologicaldismayamongsuchchildren.

Theprofessor,whohaslongsuspectedthattheeffectonchildrenwhoseparentstraveltodifferentpartsofthecountryinsearchofworkhasnotbeensufficientlyresearched,stressesthatthisisnotmerelyanexpressionofprejudice.“Wearenotdealingherewithopinions,”hesays,“It’strue,mypersonalfeelingisthatforchildren’swell-being,theyshouldstayinoneschool.However,ourfindingsarebasedonresearchandnotonanypersonalattitudesthatIormycolleaguesmayhaveonthesubject.”

Capt.ThomasMuller,anArmylecturerforthepast20yearsandhimselfafatheroftwo,said,“I’veneverheardsuchrubbish.AsfarasI’mconcerned,absolutelynoharmisdonetotheeducationofchildrenwhochangeschoolsregularly—aslongastheykeeptothesamesystemasinourArmyschool.Inmyexperience—andI’veknownquiteafewofthem—Armychildrenareaswell-adjustedasanyothers,ifnotmoreso.WhattheProfessordoesn’tappeartoappreciateisthefactthatinsuchsituationschildrenwilladaptmuchbetterthanadults.”

WhenthiswasputtoProfessorSmith,hesaidthatatnotimehadhisteamsuggestedthatallsuchchildrenwerebackwardordismayedinsomeway,butsimplythatintheirexperiencetherewasacleartendency.

“Ourfindingsindicatethatwhiletheextremelybrightchildcancopewithregularemotionalturbulencewithoutharminghisorhergeneralacademicprogress,themajorityofchildrensufferfromconstantlyhavingtoenteranewlearningenvironment.”

6.WhatdoesProfessorSmith’sreportsuggest

A）Childrenshouldn’tchangeschoolstoooften.√

B）Childrenwhohavetomovearoundthecountryarebetteratacademicachievement.

C）Childrenattendingmanyschoolshavecausedacertainamountofcontroversy.

D）Childrenwhoattenddifferentschoolsaremorevulnerabletoviciousdiseases.

7.WhatdoesProfessorSmiththinkofthefindingsoftheresearch

A）Theyareprovedbytheresearch.√

B）Theyarejustbasedonhispersonalfeeling.

C）Theymaymerelybeanexpressionofprejudice.

D）Theyarebasedonpersonalattitudes.

8.WhatdoesCapt.ThomasMullerthinkofchildrenwhochangeschoolsregularly

A）Theycanactuallydealwiththenewenvironmentbetterthanadults.√

B）Theydonoharmtotheeducation.

C）Theyfinditdifficulttokeeptothesamesystem.

D）Theyaregenerallyill-adjusted.

9.HowdoesProfessorSmithdefendhimselfagainCapt.ThomasMuller

A）Hesuggeststhatchildrenhavingregularemotionalturbulencedonotharmtheiracademicprogress.

B）Hearguesthatonlyafewchildrenwillsufferfromchangingschoolsregularly.

C）Hestressesthatthemajorityofchildrentendtosufferfromconstantlyadaptingtoanewlearningenvironment.√

D）Hebelievesthatextremelybrightchildlikestoenteranewlearningenvironment.

10.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout

A）Howarmychildrengetusedtoanewlearningenvironment.

B）Whetherchildrenwouldbeaffectedbychangingschoolsregularly.√

C）TheprocedureProfessorSmithfollowedtoconductastudy.

D）Theopinionspeoplehaveaboutchildrenwhooftenchangeschools.

Recentlytherehasbeenatendencytosympathizewiththieveswhoseoperationshavebeencarriedoutonagrandscale,andnoattemptwhateverhasbeenmadetoholdthemresponsible.Someofthemostthievish（像窃贼的）transactionshaveflourishedandarestillflourishing.Theirsuccessandtheirwealtharetheonlythingsrecognized.Theyarehonoredasfinanciersandmenofaffairs,lookeduptoandrespected.

Inrealitytheyarenothingmoreandnothinglessthanalotofmercilessandheartlessthieves.Fraudisfraudandcheatingischeatingdespitetheartisticmannerinwhichitiscommittedorthesizeofthescaleuponwhichitisoperated.

Itistimethesemenwereclassedproperlyandplacedwheretheyrightlybelong,fortheyarenobetterthanthemiserablesneak-thiefwhostealsapennyfromablindman’sdog.

Forthepasttwoorthreeyearsworkingpeoplewhohavemadesacrificestosaveafewpennieshavebeencheatedmostunmercifully.Theirhard-earnedsavingshavebeenstolenfromthembyeverypossibleschemefromtheobviouslooting（打劫）ofabanktothehigherandmoreartisticmethodoflegalizedhighrisk,complexfinancialproducts.Menhighupinthefinancialworldhavelenttheirnamestosomeofthemostshadyandnotoriousschemesthateverdishonoredacommunityorapeople.Becauseofthisthemostdiligentandeconomical（节俭的）Americanpeoplehavebeeninducedtoplacetheirhard-earnedandcarefullyguardedsavingsinwhattheywereledtobelievewasasafeinvestment,onlytofindoutwhentoolatethattheyhadfallenintothehandsofagangofextremelyrespectablecheats.Theycannotrecoverwhattheyhavelost.

Thethiefistoopowerfultobeaffectedbythelawwhilethevictimistooweaktoputitsmachineryinmotion.Itmaybethatthelawisdefective,oritmaybethatthosehavingitsmachineryinchargeareinfluencedbythewealthofthetransgressors（违犯者）.Whateverorwhicheveritisthatisresponsibleoughttobeinvestigatedandtheevilremedied.

11.Whatdoesthetendencymentionedinthefirstparagraphreflect

A）Peopleencouragesomeofthemostthievishtransactionstoflourish.

B）Peopleonlyrespectsuccessa