基础英语第三单元答案.docx
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基础英语第三单元答案
基础英语第三单元课后习题答案
Textcomprehension
I.A
II.1.F;2.T;3.T;4.T;5.F.
III.1.SeeParagraph1.peoplerushingintoelevatorswithoutgivingthoseinside
achaneetogetofffirst,neversaying‘enhaneyDho”awhoor
openforthem,or“Please”whentheywantacoworkertohandthem
something,nevergivingawaveornodoappreciatiorwhenanothermotoristletsthempulloutintotraffic.
2.Seeparagraph4,exampleandpanachegAaciousmannernotonlysetsanexcellentexampleforyourchildrenandgrandchildrenbutitaddpricelesspanacheiyourimage.
3.Seepara.5,arecipe.Thenotewaslovelyenough,butevenlovelierwasthefactthattheguesthadalsoincludedarecipeforadishIcomplimentedher6ndtanearliergathering.
4.Seepara.7,“ExcusJisted”powerfulasathank-younoteisthe
simplephrase“Excuseme.”
5.Seepara.9,welovethemostThat'swher⑥ountsthemostbecausethosearethepeoplewelovethemost.
6.Seepara.11.Shewishesthateveryonewouldcatchthem.
IV.1.Agraciousmannermakesyoulookmuchmorestylish,charmingandadmirable,contributinginvaluablytoyourimage.
2.Iamsurethattofinishwritingathank-younotewillnottakemyguesttoomuchtime.
3.Itmademostofyourirritationdisappear.
4.Beingpunctualhasalwaysbeenconsideredavirtue,bothinthepastandatpresent;ithasnotbecomeoutdated.
5.Youshouldn'taccepttheotherperson'spreseneewithouwthinkingofho
muchitmeanstoyou.
6.Goodmannersareeasytocatch.
Structuralanalysisofthetext
I.VocabularyAnalysis
I.Phrasepractice
1.getawayfromsth.=becomedifferentfromwhatitshouldbelike偏离了以往的规范
2.givingawaveornodofappreciation=displayinggratitudebywavingahandornoddingthehead招手或点头以表示感谢
pulloutintotraffic=moveoutontothemainroad从路侧驶入车流
3.matterverymuch=beofgreatsignificance
4.onthereceivingend=whoreceivesthethank-youremar接收方；
5.goalongway=produceafar-reachingeffec有长远的影响
II.
1.punctuality;2.routine;3.infectious;4.bet;5.terrific;6.board;7.valued;8.count;9.cherishes;10.irritations.
III.
1.
matter:
tobeimportant,ortoaffectwhathappens
happen:
whensomethinghappens,thereisanevent,especiallyonethatisnotplannedcare:
ifyoucareaboutsomething,youfeelthatitisimportantandareconcernedaboutit
mind:
totakecareofsomeoneorsomething
2.
hurry:
todosomethingorgosomewheremorequicklythanusual,especiallybecausethereisnotmuchtime
rush:
ifyourushsomewhere,yougotherequickly
hasten:
youhastensomethingbyactinginordertomakeithappensooner
quicken:
tobecomequickerormakesomethingquicker
3.
copartner:
ajointpartner（asinabusinessenterprise）
coworker:
yourcoworkerissomeoneyouworkwith,especiallypeopleonthesamejoborprojectasyou
colleague:
yourcolleaguesarethepeopleyouworkwith,especiallyinaprofessionaljob
cooperative:
abusinessororganizationownedequallybyallthepeopleworkingthere4.
pullup:
thedriverstopsthecar,oftenforashorttime
pullout:
avehiclestartsmovingontoaroadorontoadifferentpartoftheroad
pulloff:
todriveacaroffaroadinordertostop,ortoturnintoasmallerroad
pulldown:
toearnaparticularamountofmoney
e.g.Heispullingdown$5,000ayear.
5.
manner:
thewayinwhichpeoplebehaveandtalkwhentheyarewithotherpeople,forexamplewhethertheyarepolite,confidentorbad-tempered
behaviour:
thethingthatapersonoranimaldoes
act:
somethingthatyoudo
way:
thewaysofaparticularpersonorgroupofpeoplearetheircustomsortheirusualbehavior
6.
graceful:
behaveinapleasantway
gracious:
behavinginapolite,kind,andgenerousway,especiallytopeopleofalowerrank
grateful:
wishtothank
grand:
splendidinstyleandappearance;attractingadmirationandattention
7.
menu:
alistofallthekindsoffoodthatareavailableforameal,especiallyinarestaurant
cookbook:
abookthatcontainsrecipesforpreparingfoodrecipe:
asetofinstructionsforcookingaparticulartypeoffoodingredient:
afoodthatisusedwithotherfoodsinthepreparationofaparticulardish
8.
huge:
extremelylargeinsize,amount,ordegree
enormous:
emphasizingthegreatdegreeorextentofsomethingvast:
extremelybig
colossal:
usedtoemphasizethatsomethingisextremelylarge
pliment:
praiseinsincerelyasanemptyformalityorself-interestedgesture.a.praised;b.compliment;c.praise;d.complimented.
2.appreciate:
bethankfulorgrateful;likeorvaluesomething.
a.appreciated;b.enjoyed;c.enjoying;d.appreciated.
3.precious:
valuable,rare,important.Priceless:
worthalotofmoney.
a.priceless;b.priceless;c.precious;d.precious.
4.notice:
takeinasmalldetail.
a.see;b.notice;c.see;d.noticd
V.Synonym/Antonym
Givesynonymsorantonymsofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.
1.…nevergivingawaveornodofppreciationwhenanothermotoristletsthempull
outintotraffic.
Synonyms:
thanks,recognition
2.Inourlazinesswethinkthatsomethinglikeasimple“Thankyou”doesn'treally
matter.
Antonyms:
activeness,liveliness,briskness,eagerness
3.Wecan'tbetrul^tylishwithoutgoodmanners.
Synonyms:
fashionable,graceful,elegant
4.Haven'tyounoticedthatthekindest,mgetierouspeopleseemtokeepgettingprettier?
Antonyms:
selfish,mean,ungenerous
5.Agraciousmannernotonlysetsanexcellentexampleforyourchildrenandgrandchildrenbutitaddspanachetoyourimage.
Synonyms:
nice,courteous,polite,friendly
6.Iknowweallhavebusylives.
Antonyms:
leisurely,relaxed,idle,unoccupied,lazy
7.Butwhensomeonedoesstopantiirnaroundandgenuinelyapologizes,doesn'tit
meltaway
most——ifnotall——oftheirritationyoufelt?
Synonyms:
annoyance,vexation,displeasure,dissatisfaction
8.Andpunctualityisnotathingofthepast,either.
Antonyms:
promptness,timekeeping,reliability
4.Wordderivation
Fillintheblankineachsentencewithanappropriateformofthegivencapitalizedwordinthebrackets.
1..Thenext-doorneighboursaresounfriendlythatwehavetoppedtryingtotalktothem.（friend）
2.Yes,IcanspeakalittleSpanishbecausesIpentsomeofmyboyhoodinSpain.（boy）
3.Thedoctordealtwiththehystericalpatientwithunderstanding.（understand）
4.There'areceptionattheBritishEmbassytonight.（receive）
5.Thedisappearaneeofthemone^romthecash-boxshowsthatsomebodyinthisofficeisathief.（appear）
6.Youmustacceptthedecisioofthecommittee,（decide）
7.TomandTimaretwinbrothers.Theylookexactlyalike,（动名词短语独立结构）differingonlyinheight.（differenee）
8.Torelievethetrafficcongestion,thegovernmenthasbuiltseveralelevatedadsinthecity.（elevator）.
1.friend（n.）朋友，友人，支持者
friendly（adj.&adv.）友好的，友善的
friendship（n.）友谊，友好
friendliness（n.）友好，亲切
friendless（adj.）没有朋友的，无依无靠的
unfriendly（adj.）不友好的，有敌意的
2.boy（n.）男孩，儿子，男服务员
boyish（adj.）像男孩子的
boyhood（n.少年时代
boylish（adj.）男孩样的，很帅气的
boyishness（n.少年，幼稚，孩子气
3.understand（v.理解，懂，听说，获悉
understanding（n.了解，理解，个人见解，非正式协议
understandingly（adv.谅解地
understandable（adj可理解的，能够懂的
understandability（n.易懂性，可理解性
understandableness（n不可理解
misunderstand（v.误会，误解
misunderstanding（n.误会，误解
4.receive（v.）收到，接到，受到
received（adj.）被一般承认的，公认的
receiving（n.）接收，买卖赃物
receiver（n.）接收器，收款员，接待者，听筒
receivable（adj.可收到的，应收的
receivability（n.）可以接受，可接纳
5.appear（v.）出现，显得，出版，抵达
appearanee（n外表，外貌出场，露面，出现
disappear（v.）?
肖失，不见
disappearanee（n肖失
6.decide（v.）决定，判断
decided（adj.）确定的，坚决的
decision（n.）决定，决策
decisiveness（n.坚决，果断
decisive（adj.）决定性的
7.differenee（n.）差异，分歧，差额，不同
different（adj.）不同的，差异的
differ（v.）不同，相异，有区别
differential（adj.）差别的，特定的，微分的
differentiate（v.）识别，使差异，求导数，区分
differentiation（n.）区别，分化，变异
8.elevator（n.）电梯，飞机升降陀
elevate（v.）举起，提拔，素养提升，鼓舞
elevation（n.）海拔，提拔，提高
elevatory（adj.）向上举的，升高的
IIGrammarExereise
1."more…than"construction
兔Youcanusealittlealot,,abit,agreatdeal,any,far,eve
“still”,and“much”imnofroentthoafnconstruction.
2."as…ss"construction
as+adjective/adverb+a.s
※Youcanuse“just”,“almost”,“nearly”,“quite”infrontof"as…as"construction,
3.themost
threeormorethanthreepeopleorthingsarecompar.ed
Thenegativeformofthesuperlativeconstructionis"theleast".
I.
II.1.olderthan;
2.moreinterested;
3.ascrowdedas;
4.aspaleas;
5.moreexcitingthan;
6.ascomplicatedas;
7.easierthan;
8.asexpensiveas;
9.moreselective;
10.nicer;
11.asunluckyas;
12.moredifficult.
III.
1.stronger;
2.morenoisy;
3.moreexpensive;
4.moredifficult;
5.happier;
6.younger;
7.moreoften;
8.further;
9.moreexciting;
10.louder.
IV.Usesuperlativesorcomparativesoftheadjectivesgiventocompletethesentences.
1.Ipreferthischairtotheotherone.It's_more_combfloer）t.able_（comforta
2.That's__the_funniest__（funny）jokeIhaveeverheard.
3.NowI'verealizedthatgivingupmyjobis__the__worst__（bad）mistakeIhaveevermade.
4.moreserious;
5.themostpopular;
6.quieter;
7.themostbeautiful;
8.healthier;
9.theleasthonorable;
10.lesschallenging,leastchallenging.
V.
1.elder:
older;
2.eldest:
oldest;
3.olderandelderarebothright;
4.furtherandfartherarebothright;
5.farther:
further;
6.morean:
amore;
7.better;
8.right.
III.Translationexercises
I.TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese.
1.譬如，我在纽约就看到这样的差别，与我20多年前刚搬来时大不相同了：
人们蜂拥走进电梯，却没有让电梯里面的人先出来；别人为他们开门时，从来不说“谢谢”；需要同事给他们递东西时，从来不说“请”；当其他开车人为他们让道时，也从不挥手或点头表示谢意。
2.难道你没有注意到那些最和蔼、最慷慨的人似乎越来越漂亮吗？
3.那封短信已经够可爱的了，然而更加可爱的是这位客人还在信中附上了一道小菜的制作方法，那是在前一次聚会时我对她大加赞赏的一道菜。
4.准时赴约和他人共进午餐
升级会员 