英国文学选读课后答案.docx
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英国文学选读课后答案
TheTigerP50
1.WhydoesthepoetmentiontheLamb?
DoyouthinkboththeLambandtheTigercanilluminateeachother?
TheTygeriscorrespondingtoTheLamb.Boththepoemsshowthepoet’sexploration,understandingandplaintofthemysteriouscreation.Inthispoem,theauthorimpliesthattheTigeriscreatedbyGodaswellastheLamb.SoeithertheTigerortheLambisessentialtoGod.IthinkboththeLambandtheTigercanilluminateeachother.AlthoughtheLambcanrepresentthekind“innocentsociety”,itwillbelackofenoughmotivationtomakeprogress.WhiletheTigerwillcausesocialmisery,unrestorevendisruption,butitcanmakepeoplereleasetheircreativity.SothepoetbelievesthattheTigeristhesymbolofstrengthandcourage.Andhealsopraisesitspassion,desireandalltheloftybeauty.
2.Whatisthesymbolicmeaningofthetiger?
Whatideadoesthepoetwanttoexpress?
ThesymboloftheTygerisoneofthetwocentralmysteriesofthepoem(theotherbeingtheTyger’screator).Itisunclearwhatitexactlysymbolizes,butscholarshavehypothesizedthattheTygercouldbeinspiration,thedivine,artisticcreation,history,thesublime(thebig,mysterious,powerfulandsometimesscary.Readmoreonthisinthe"ThemesandQuotes"section),orvisionitself.Really,thelistisalmostinfinite.Thepointis,theTygerisimportant,andBlake’spoembarelylimitsthepossibilitiesThetigeristheembodimentofGod'spowerincreation:
theanimalisterrifyinginitsbeauty,strength,complexityandvitality.Thepoemisdividedintosixparts.Inthefirstpart,theauthorimaginedthathemetaterribletigeronadarknightandwasfrightenedbyitsawfuleyesight.Therearecreationsandcreators.Howgreatthecreatoristhathecouldcreatesuchanawfulcreationliketiger!
Inthesecondpart,theauthorcontinuestoask,wherecomestheeyesightlikefire,seaorsky?
Thefollowingtwoparts,theauthordescribesthecreatorasasmith.Hecreatesthetiger.Whatbehindthequestionsisthefrighteningandrespectoftheauthortothecreator.Inthefifthpart,theauthorchangeshistoneandaskswhenthestarsthrowdowntheirspears,whytheyarenothappy?
Thelastpartisassameasthefirstpart,thecreatoristoomysterioustounderstand.Thetigershowsitsoutstandingenergy.It’sthevitalitywhichtheauthorthinkshighlyof.Thekeysentenceofthepoemis"DidhewhomadetheLambmakethee?
"Itchallengestheone-trackreligiousviewsofthe18’scentury.Theviewonlyconcludedthatgodcreatethelame,heissokindafather.Butitdidn’tknowgodalsocreatethetoughtiger.Hecanalsobeveryserious.Thegodissomeonewhocan’tbetrulyunderstoodbyhumanbeings.
OdetotheWestWindP83西风颂
第一节
哦,狂暴的西风,秋之生命的呼吸!
你无形,但枯死的落叶被你横扫,
有如鬼魅碰到了巫师,纷纷逃避:
黄的,黑的,灰的,红得像患肺痨,
呵,重染疫疠的一群:
西风呵,是你以车驾把有翼的种子催送到
黑暗的冬床上,它们就躺在那里,像是墓中的死穴,冰冷,深藏,低贱,
直等到春天,你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭,在沉睡的大地上响遍,
唤出嫩芽,像羊群一样,觅食空中)将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
不羁的精灵呵,你无处不远行;破坏者兼保护者:
听吧,你且聆听!
第二节
没入你的急流,当高空一片混乱,流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯
脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。
成为雨和电的使者:
它们飘落
在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面,有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁,
从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿直抵九霄的中天,到处都在摇曳
欲来雷雨的卷发,对濒死的一年你唱出了葬歌,而这密集的黑夜
将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶,里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结;
那是你的浑然之气,从它会迸涌黑色的雨,冰雹和火焰:
哦,你听!
第三节
是你,你将蓝色的地中海唤醒,而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天,
被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦,就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边,
它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁在水天辉映的波影里抖颤,
而且都生满青苔、开满花朵,那芬芳真迷人欲醉!
呵,为了给你
让一条路,大西洋的汹涌的浪波把自己向两边劈开,而深在渊底
那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林虽然枝叶扶疏,却没有精力;
听到你的声音,它们已吓得发青:
一边颤栗,一边自动萎缩:
哦,你听!
第四节
哎,假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起,假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾,
是一个波浪,和你的威力同喘息,假如我分有你的脉搏,仅仅不如
你那么自由,哦,无法约束的生命!
假如我能像在少年时,凌风而舞
便成了你的伴侣,悠游天空(因为呵,那时候,要想追你上云霄,
似乎并非梦幻),我就不致像如今这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。
哦,举起我吧,当我是水波、树叶、浮云!
我跌在生活底荆棘上,我流血了!
这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命原是和你一样:
骄傲、轻捷而不驯。
第五节
把我当作你的竖琴吧,有如树林:
尽管我的叶落了,那有什么关系!
你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意:
虽忧伤而甜蜜。
呵,但愿你给予我狂暴的精神!
奋勇者呵,让我们合一!
请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落,让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命!
哦,请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌,就把我的话语,像是灰烬和火星
从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散!
让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇
把昏睡的大地唤醒吧!
西风啊,如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
Shelly雪莱OdeToTheWestWind
Shelleywasanidealistandmostofhisnaturepoemsareabouttheneedforrevolutionandadesiretobreakthestatusquo.OdetotheWestWindisnodifferent.HereShelleyseesthewestwindasasymbolofrevolution,ofanewworldorderthatwouldreplacetheoldone.Heidentifieswiththewindinthatheknowsthatjustasthewestwindspellsthearrivalofthenewyear,similarlyhispoeticideaswillusherinanewworldorderandchangethepresentworldforthebetter.Thepoemhasanoteofdespairwhenhesays:
'Ifalluponthethornsoflife,Ibleed'butsoonenoughhegainshiscomposureandtowardstheendhe'sfilledwithhopeandoptimismwhichisexpressedbeautifullyinthelasttwolines:
'Whenwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?
'
OdetotheWestWindThemeofManandtheNaturalWorld
In"OdetotheWestWind,"Natureisgranderandmorepowerfulthanmancanhopetobe.ThenaturalworldisespeciallypowerfulbecauseitcontainselementsliketheWestWindandtheSpringWind,whichcantravelinvisiblyacrosstheglobe,affectingeverycloud,leaf,andwaveastheygo.ManmaybeabletoincreasehisstatusbyallowingNaturetochannelitselfthroughhim.
1.InwhatwayistheWestWindbothadestroyerandapreserver?
Westwindisthedestroyerasitisturbulentandstronganddestroysthewidespreadvegetation.Itisadestroyeroftheold,decayingandvaluelessthings(suchasdeadleaves),blowingovertheland,drivesawaythedeadleaves.Shellyshowstheironyofthewindthatactsinacontradictorymanner.(useandDescribethewordsthatshowthepotentialstrengthanduseeffectivelanguage)Itisthepreserverasitbringslifetothedeadatmosphere,itspreadstheseedsandtheylietwoinchesbeneaththegroundandeventuallysproutintoseedlings.
2.WhatistherelationbetweentheWestWindandthepoet?
In"OdetotheWestWind,"Natureisgranderandmorepowerfulthanmancanhopetobe.ThenaturalworldisespeciallypowerfulbecauseitcontainselementsliketheWestWindandtheSpringWind,whichcantravelinvisiblyacrosstheglobe,affectingeverycloud,leaf,andwaveastheygo.ManmaybeabletoincreasehisstatusbyallowingNaturetochannelitselfthroughhim.ThespeakerofthepoemappealstotheWestWindtoinfuse(灌输,影响)himwithanewspiritandanewpowertospreadhisideas.
3.As“thetrumpetofprophecy”,whatdoesthewestwindpredictinphysicalreality?
Howdoyouunderstanditsymbolically?
Asthespeakerof"OdetotheWestWind"feelshimselfwaninganddecaying,hebegsthewindtousehimasaninstrument,inhabithim,distributehisideas,orprophesythroughhismouth.Hehopestotransformhimselfbyunitinghisownspiritwiththelarger"Spirit"oftheWestWindandofNatureitself.
Thespeakerwishesthatthewindcouldaffecthimthewayitdoesleavesandcloudsandwaves.Becauseitcan’t,heasksthewindtoplayhimlikeaninstrument,bringingouthissadnessinitsownmusicallament.Maybethewindcanevenhelphimtosendhisideasallovertheworld;evenifthey’renotpowerfulintheirownright,hisideasmightinspireothers.Thesadmusicthatthewindwillplayonhimwillbecomeaprophecy.TheWestWindofautumnbringsonacold,barrenperiodofwinter,butisn’twinteralwaysfollowedbyaspring?
JohnKeats:
OdeonaGrecianUrnp85希腊古瓮颂
你,嫁给静寂的,童贞的新娘,你,被静默和悠远收养的孩子,
林野的史家,擅长在画上宣扬艳压诗篇的,繁花一般的传奇:
身上环绕的,绿叶缘饰的传说讲述神还是凡人,或兼有两者?
在腾佩,或怀抱溪谷的阿卡迪?
什么人或神?
少女竟如此难惹?
多疯的追求?
怎样挣扎的逃脱?
什么笛子手鼓?
多野性的狂喜?
清歌闻之甚美,然而未听见的更妙;婉转的笛子,请你吹吧
不是为感官的双耳,你要变得更奇妙,为精神吹出无声的歌:
碧树下的美少年,你不会离开你的歌,绿荫也不会抛开树木
莽撞的恋人,你永世都吻不上,虽然万分接近——但不要悲哀,
她与衰老无缘,虽无艳福可享,你却永坠爱河,如她芳华常驻!
啊,喜悦层生的枝条!
你不会飘落绿叶,也不会向春天挥别;
而你,欢快的乐手,永不疲惫永远在吹奏,永远新鲜的仙乐
更多欢畅的爱!
更多幸福的爱!
总是暖意融融,只等欢乐纵情
永远都在搏动,永远青春四射;所有呼吸的人欲,都远远抛开
离开悲痛莫名的,厌烦的心灵,高烧不退的额头,焦渴的唇舌。
是一群什么人,赶来参加祭献?
对着天空鸣叫的,那头小母牛,
丝滑的腰身上,围着缤纷花环噢,神秘的祭司,你把它牵走
要去哪座绿色祭坛?
什么小镇在河畔还是海滨,还是在山间
傍着幽静的山寨,为这乡俗里敬神的早晨,腾出所有的人民?
你的街道永远沉默,无人重返就没人讲述,你为何如此孤寂。
噢,雅典的形体!
情态的美妙!
大理石的繁带,密布男女身上
还有佳木的枝叶,踏过的野草你,沉默的塑形,像永恒一样
引我们超越思想:
凉的田园诗!
年华逝去,将催老我们这一辈,
你在别样的悲伤中,不曾代谢一个人类的朋友,对我们感喟
“美是真,真也是美”这就是你知道,和你需要知道的一切。
MatthewArnold:
Doverbeachp120多佛海滩马修·阿诺德
今夜海面平静。
潮水涨满,明月高悬海峡之上;对面法国海岸灯光明灭;英格兰绝壁耸立;远处的宁静海湾,闪烁、无边。
快来窗边,夜晚空气如蜜甜!
唯一的是,从那长长的海浪线,从那大海和月光漂洗的土地交会之地,听啊!
你听得见那嘎吱嘎吱的呐喊那是海浪带着卵石退去,又抛起,再次回来时,将其送上高地,一来,一去,周而复始,有张有驰,不慌不急,带来了忧愁的永恒调子。
远古的索福克勒斯曾在爱琴海将它听见,带给他脑子的是人类不幸之污浊的落落起起;我们在这声音里也找到一个思想,当在这遥远的北海岸边将它听见。
信仰之海也曾一度涨满,围绕地球的海岸如同一卷明丽的腰带伸展。
但如今我只能听见它忧郁、绵长、退却的呐喊,在后撤,和着夜风的呼吸,撤下这个世界硕大阴沉的边缘和赤裸的碎石滩。
啊,爱人,让我们彼此忠诚坚贞!
因为这个世界,它像梦幻之地在我们面前摊开,如此多样,如此美丽,如此崭新,其实没有欢乐,没有爱情,也没有光明
Novels:
ArabyP177
2.Chiefqualitiesoftheboy’scharacter?
Theboyisanaturalcharacterwithwhichtobeginabookbecausehepossessessomanyqualitiesattractivetoreaders.First,heissensitive—sensitiveenoughtoexperienceawiderangeoffeelingsinspiteofhistenderage,includingapparentlycontradictorycombinationslikefearandlonging(attheendofthestory'sfirstparagraph),angerandpuzzlement(whilefallingasleep),and,especially,"asensationoffreedom"inresponsetohismentor'spassingthatsurpriseshimandus."Ifounditstrange,"thenarratorsays,"thatneitherInorthedayseemedinamourningmood."
Second,heisintelligent—andnotmerelyintheconventionalsenseoftheword.Sure,heisbrainyenoughtoabsorbmuchofthearcaneinformationsharedwithhimbythepriest.(ItmakessensethathehasgrownintothearticulatestorytellerwhosharesthetaleofFatherFlynn'sinfluenceuponhim.)Buttheprotagonistof"TheSisters"alsopossessesanintuitiveunderstandingofhowotherhumanbeingsfeel,think,andact—emotionalintelligence,youmightcallit.
Itisnosurprisethataboysosensitive,sointelligent,wouldfindhimselfsomewhatalienatedfromothers—cutoff,fundamentally,fromhisfamilyandpeers.Heappearstolackaltogetheraconnecti