却最简洁最重点的英美文学考试重点.docx

却最简洁最重点的英美文学考试重点.docx

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却最简洁最重点的英美文学考试重点

一、TheAnglo-Saxonperiod（449-1066）

1、这个时期的文学作品分类：

pagan（异教徒）Christian（基督徒）

2、代表作:

TheSongofBeowulf（nationalepic民族史诗）metaphoralliteration。

3、Angles,SaxonsandJutes.

二、TheAnglo-Normanperiod（1066-1350）

1、TheRomanConquest:

In1066,theDukeofNormandyWilliamledtheNormanarmytoinvadeEngland.TheresultofthiswarwasWilliambecamethekingofEngland.Aftertheconquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.ChivalrywasintroducedbytheNormansintoEngland.SirGawainandtheGreenKnight头韵

2、传奇ramances：

描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情文学。

seekadventures,fightingforhislordinbattle,humility,honor,sacrifice,brave,honesty,lovewithwomen

三、GeoffreyChaucer（1340-1400）（反封建、反教会、追求个性自由）

1、thefatherofEnglishpoetry英国诗歌之父

2、purelyEnglish（theLondondialect伦敦方言）

3、heroiccouplet英雄双韵体

4、Writingstyle:

wisdom,humor,humanity.

5、代表作：

TheCanterburyTales（英国文学史的开端）

内容：

ThepilgrimsarepeoplefromvariouspartsofEngland,representativesofvariouswalksoflifeandsocialgroups.

特点：

Eachofthenarratorstellshistaleinapeculiarmanner,thusrevealinghisownviewsandcharacter.Thestorywasendowedwithwhatmedievalromancelacked-interestofcharacteraswellasincident.

观点：

Hebelievesintherightofmantoearthlyhappiness.Heisanxioustoseemanfreedfromsuperstitionsandablindbeliefinfate.

主要故事:

①TheKnight’sTale②ThePardoner’sTale③TheMerchant’sTale④TheWifeofBath

四、TheRenaissance（16世纪）

1、背景：

14-17century,aperiodofthebreakingoffeudalrelationsandtheestablishingthefoundationsofcapitalism.Newmonarchy.Itisarevivalofclassicalartsandsciences.

2、主要文学成就：

Poetry:

Wyatt:

firsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.

SidneySpenser:

thepoet’spoet.

Drama:

Marlowe:

blankverse（无韵诗）theprincipalvehicleofexpressionindrama..WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）

Novels:

JohnLylyThomasLogeThomasNashe

Essays/prose:

FrancisBacon（1561-1626）、ThomasMore（1478-1535）

3worksofshakespeare:

37palys,townarrativepoemsand154sonnets

Firstperiod（1590-1600）:

comdies:

皆大欢喜;第十二夜;仲夏夜之梦;威尼斯商人

Secondperiod（1601—1608）:

tragedies哈姆莱特;奥赛罗;李尔王;麦克白

Thirdperiod（1609—1612）histories

Lyricpoem:

Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg

Sonnet18:

Theme：

Thepoetwritesbeautifullyontheconventionalthemethathispoetrywillbringeternitytotheonehelovesandeulogizes.

Sonnet29:

Theme：

①Thepoetcomplainsofhisownmiseriesanddissatisfactioninlifeandthenbecomeshappyuponthethoughtoftheoneheloves.②HereShakespeareissupposedtorevealhisownthoughtsandfeelings,especiallyinthefirstoctet.

ThecharacterofHamlet:

①Hamletwasahumanist,amanwhoisfrommedievalprejudicesandsuperstitions.

②Startingfromhishumanistloveofman,heturnstothosearoundhimwiththesameeagerness.

③Hisintellectualgeniusisoutstanding.

④Hamlet’smelancholyisnotthenegative,hair-splittingandfruitlesskind.Itisrathertheresultofhispenetratinghabitofmind.

五、ThePeriodofRevolutionandRestoration（17C）

1、文学特点concernedwiththetremendoussocialupheavals,influencebypuritan.

光荣革命意义thesupremacyofparliament,beginningofmodernEngland,finaltriumphofthepoliticalliberty

2、代表人物：

①JohnDonne“metaphysicalpoets玄学

A.Metaphysicalpoetryischaracterizedby:

verbalwit,irregularrhythms,ingeniousstructureandstrangeimagesor“conceits奇喻”.akindofmetaphorthatmakesacomparisonbetweentwodifferentthings.

B.AValediction:

ForbiddingMourning

意象:

compasses、goldenbeaten（金箔）unionofbodyandsoul,physicallyandspiritually

②JohnMilton

TheindomitablePuritanspritfindsitsnoblestexpressioninhim.

诗歌：

ParadiseLost失乐园freedomknowledgeopposetomonarchyParadiseRegained复乐园

戏剧：

SamsonAgonistes力士参孙

Shorterpoems:

L‘AllegroIlPenseroso;LycidasComus

Principalpamphlets:

Areopagitica:

attacksthecensorshipofthepressandappealsforthefreedomofthepress

Eikonoklaste:

justifiestheexecutionofCharlesI

DefensefortheEnglishPeople:

adefenseoftheCommonwealthandRevolution

Sonnet:

OnHisDeceasedWife（唯一的爱情诗）OnHisBlindness

③JohnBunyan（1628-1688）班扬:

ThePilgrim’sProgress

④JohnDryden（1631-1700）:

critic、poet、playwright

六、TheAgeofEnlightenment（18世纪）

1、文学特点：

Themainliterarystreamofthe18thcenturywasrealism.The18thcenturywasanageofprose.Novelwritingmadeabigadvanceinthiscentury.Inthisstage,stairewasmuchusedinwriting.

2.classicism（neoclassicism）,（pre-romanticism）,（modernnovelandsentimentalism）

3.emphsisonreason,order,balanceandharmony.

4、文学名人及作品：

①classicism/neoclassicismRichardSteele：

TheSpectatorAddisonPopejohnson

②pre-romanticism

WilliamBlake:

SongofInnocence.London、TheTiger、TheChimneySweeper均节选自SongofExperience经验之歌PoeticalSketches诗的素描TheBookofThel塞尔书

TheMarriageofHeavenandHell

RobertBurns（1759-1796）:

用苏格兰方言书写,,着有PoemsChieflyinScottishDialect苏格兰方言诗集MyHeart’sinthenHighlands>

③modernnovel

A.realisticnovel

DanielDefoe、HenryFielding、JonathanSwift

B.sentimentalism

LaurenceSterne:

SentimentalJourneyTristramShandy

ThomasGray:

Elegy,WritteninaCountryChurchyard墓园挽歌

5、DanielDefoe

①英国小说之父

②RobinsonCrusoe

全名:

ThelifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe

ThewritersoftheEnlightenmentattachedgreatimportancetothemoldingofcharacterandtoeducationthroughtheinfluenceofvariedenvironment.

ThecharacterofRobinsonCrusoeisrepresentativeoftheEnglishbourgeoisieattheearlierstagesofitsdevelopment.Heismostpracticalandexact,alwaysreligiousandatthesametimemindfulofhisownprofit.

③CaptainSingletonColonelJackMollFlandersAJournalofthePlagueYearRoxana

6、HenryFielding:

comicEpic喜剧史诗

TheHistoryofTomJones,afoundling

主要人物：

TomJones:

frank,kind,disinterested,sterling

SophiaWestern:

braveandadmirable

Blifil:

sly,perfidious

JosephAndrewsthejournalofaVoyagetoLisbonAmelia

7、JonathanSwift（irony反讽）

ATaleofaTub桶ThebattleoftheBooks书之战TheDrapier’sLetter信AModestProposal建议Gulliver’sTravels格列佛

四部分AVoyagetoLilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa/Houyhnhnms

七、1.Theromanticperiod（1798-1832）:

beginningofwiththepublicationofWordsworth’sLyricalBallads,endingwithWalterScott’sdeath.

2.Theme:

sensibllity,loveofnature,interestofpast,mysticism,individualism,exoticpicture,strong-willedheroes,sometimestheromanticsresorttosymbolism.Andsymbolsareobjectsusedtorepresentabstractideasandconcepts.

3.emphaizeonemotion

4.historicalbackgrounds:

Itwasgreatlyinfluencedbytheindustrialrevolutionandthefrenchrevolution.

5.romantucwriters

Thefirstgenerationromanticwriters

BurnsBlake----------pre-romantis

WordsworthColeridge--------negtive

Thesecondgenerationromanticwriters

ByronShelleyandKeats-----activeromantics

Historicalnovelist-----WalterScott

6.Wordsworth

A..style:

simplicityandpurityoflanguageandloveofnature

B.poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings.

①抒情歌谣集（withSamuelTaylorColeridge）

/Daffodils/TheDaffodils

Theme:

1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgiveshim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”

2.Itisblisstorecallthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.

Comment:

Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils（水仙）andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.

②LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey丁登寺杂咏

③Ode:

IntimationsofImmortality不朽颂

④TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女

⑤LucyPoems露西

⑥序曲

TheRimeoftheAncientMariner老水手之歌TheExcursion漫游

7.LordByron

A.Byron’slanguageismoodyandvicid,andhecoversvastares,bothgeographicallyandmoyionally.

B.Byronichero:

darkromances

C.works

①恰尔德?

哈罗德尔游记

②唐?

璜③该隐诗歌：

8.Shelley

A.themaskofanarchy暴政的化的装游行

B．thefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguage

C．works

无神论的必要性麦布女王

伊斯兰的反叛

解放了的普罗米修斯

Theme:

thedramacelebraiesman’svictoryovertyrannyandoppression

钦契诗辩西风颂ToaSkylark>致云雀

9.Scott

A.ahistoricalnovelist

B.works

Ivanhoe艾凡赫waverly威弗利theladyofthelake湖畔湖人RobRoy罗布.罗衣

10.JaneAusten

作品：

①理智与感情

②傲慢与偏见

③曼斯菲尔德庄园

④爱玛

⑤劝导

⑥诺桑觉寺