高三一轮复习第十八套8Units12单元训练B卷英语 解析版.docx

高三一轮复习第十八套8Units12单元训练B卷英语 解析版.docx

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高三一轮复习第十八套8Units12单元训练B卷英语解析版

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

UrbanTransportationinCanada

Publictransportation&Transitpasses

AllcitiesandmostmajortownsinCanadahaveapublictransportationsystemwithoneormoremodesoftransportation（bus,subway,train,etc.）.ThebusisthemostcommonformofurbantransportationinCanada.Tousepublictransportation,youmustpurchaseaticketoratransitpass.Transitpassesallowyouunlimiteduseofpublictransportationforaspecificperiod（onemonthormore）.Theyareusuallycheaperthanbuyingmanyticketsifyouplantousepublictransportationoften.

Transportationforpeoplewithdisabilities

Publictransportationoftenhasfeaturestoassistpeoplewithdisabilities.Inmanycitiesandtowns,therearealsotransportationservicesavailablespecificallyforpeoplewithlimitedmobility,suchasspeciallyequippedbuses.Youcanfindoutabouttheseservicesinthesamewayyouwouldlearnmoreaboutotherpublictransportationoptions.

Etiquetteonpublictransportation

Whentakingpublictransportationsuchasabusortrain,itisimportanttounderstandtheunspokenrulesofconductinthesharedspace.Hereareafewthingstonote:

◆Bepoliteandrespectfultoothersaroundyou.Forexample,maintainanappropriatenoiselevelwhentalkingormakingaphonecall.

◆Ifyouarecarryingabackpackoralargeshoulderbaginacrowdedpublictransitvehicle,keepitclosetoyou,preferablyatyourfeettoavoidhittingpeoplewithitasyouwalkby.

◆Avoidpushingortouchingothersinordertomakemoreroomforyourself.Sometimespublictransitcanbecomeverycrowded,butitisimportanttokeepcalmandgiveothersappropriatepersonalspace.

◆Haveyourproofofpaymentaccessibleincaseyouareaskedtoshowit.

21.Whatistheadvantagesofusingtransitpassesoverbuyingtickets?

A.Lowercosts.B.Safertrips.

C.Longerservicehours.D.Moreuseoftransport.

22.Howdoesthetransportationsystemhelppeoplewithdisabilities?

A.Byofferingfewertransportationoptions.

B.Byrunningspecialtransportservices.

C.Bylimitingtheirmobilityoncitybuses.

D.Byprovidingfreeridesintownsandcities.

23.Whatisconsideredimpoliteonpublictransportation?

A.Loweringyourspeakingvoice.B.Placingbackpacksatyourfeet.

C.Havingyourproofofpaymentathand.D.Stayingclosetootherpassengers.

B

Itwasacoldwinter.Thewindblewallnightandthesnowwasblinding.Whenmorningcame,mythreechildrenandIgotupandmadeourwaytothewindows.Aswelookedoutofthewindow,wesawthatthehenhousewasgone.Ourthreehenshadbeenblownawaybythecoldwind.

Ilookedattheemptinessoutside.ThenIsawallthreechickenssittingaroundtheedgeofawhitebucket.Icouldn’tbelievemyeyes!

Howwasthisviolentwindnotblowingthemintothefieldbeyond?

Iquicklypulledonlongsnowpantsandheavywintercoat,wrappedascarfaroundmyneckandstuckmyfeetintolargeboots.

Ishoutedatthewindasitblew.Iwasalone,strugglinginthesnow.Theystaredoutthewindowintothevastwhiteseaofsnow,peeringatanysignofmovement.OutsideIheardthesoundofmybootsasIwalkedagainstthewind.

Asthesnowcircledaroundme,Isteadilymademywaytothesoftcluck-cluck-clucksoundmyhensalwaysmade.WhenIreachedthem,Isawthattheirlittlefeetwereholdingontotheedgeofthebucket,headsbentforwardandawayfromthewind.Igentlyliftedeachhenandputitcarefullyintothewarminside.ThenIbeganthefreezingwalkbacktothesmallsheddirectlybehindourhouse.OnebyoneIlaidmychickensonthecoldfloor,andtheybegantoclucksoftly.

AsIshutthesheddoors,myeyeswentdirectlytothewindowwheremychildrenwerewatching.Theyjumpedupanddowncheering,andsodidI!

Iwasn’tsomedragonslayer（屠龙者）fromafairytale.Iwassimplyamom,butthelookonmychildren’sfacestoldmethattheythoughtIwasaheromom.

24.Seeingallthreechickenssittingaroundthebucket,theauthorfelt?

A.worried.B.incredible.C.shy.D.confident.

25.Fromthestory,weknowthat.

A.theauthor’schildrenlikeddragonslayers.

B.theauthorenjoyedherselfinthesnow.

C.theauthorstruggledtobeahero.

D.thechildrenwatchedtheirmotheralltheway.

26.Howdoestheauthorreachthehens?

A.Byfollowingthesoundofthehens.B.Bywearingprotectiveclothes.

C.Bysearchingforthewhitebucket.D.Byshoutingatthehenhouse.

27.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Weatherinextreme.B.Hensintrouble.

C.Kindnessinneed.D.Herointhesnow.

C

CHICAGO（Reuters）—Smokingnotonlycanwrinkle（皱纹）thefaceandturnityellow—itcandothesametothewholebody,researchersreportedonMonday.

Thestudy,publishedintheArchivesofDermatology,showsthatsmokingaffectstheskinalloverthebody-evenskinprotectedfromthesun.

“Weexaminednon-facialskinthatwasprotectedfromthesun,andfoundthatthetotalnumberofpacks,ofcigarettesmokedperdayandthetotalyearsapersonhassmokedwerelinkedwiththeamountofskindamageapersonexperienced.”Dr.Yolanda,wholedthestudy,saidinastatement.

“Inparticipantsolderthan65years,smokershadsignificantlymorefinewrinklingthannonsmokers.Similarfindingswereseeninparticipantsaged45to65years.”Yolanda’steamaddedintheirreport.

Theresearcherstested82people,smokersandnonsmokers,takingpicturesoftheinnerrightarms.Theyranged,inagefrom22to91andhalfweresmokers.Independentjudgesdecidedhowwrinkledeachperson’sskinwas.

Whenskinisexposedtosunlight,especiallytheface,itbecomescoarse（粗糙的）.Wrinkledanddiscoloredwithapaleyellowtint,Yolanda’steamwrote.

Severalpreviousstudieshavefoundthatcigarettesmokingledtopremature（过早的）skinagingasmeasuredbyfacialwrinkles,thestudysaid,butlittlehasbeendonetomeasuretheagingofskinnotexposedtolight.

Thereportdidnotdiscussdiemechanisminvolvedbutpreviousresearchhasfoundthatcigarettesmoke,amongotherthings,causesbloodvessels（血管）beneaththeskintoconstrict（紧缩）,reducingbloodsupplytotheskin.

Smokingcanalsodamagetheconnectivetissue（组织）thatsupportsbothdieskinandtheinternalorgans.

28.Itcanbeinferredfromthestudy.

A.smokingwon’taffectskinprotectedfromthesun

B.smokingwilldodamagetoskinratherthanotherorgans

C.smokersover65usuallywon’tworryabouttheirskin

D.theageofsmokersisnotconnected,withtheresultofthetest

29.Whenyourskinisexposedtosunlightlong,itbecomesallofthefollowingbut.

A.flexibleB.coarseC.roughD.discolored

30.Accordingtothepassage,howwrinkledaperson’sskinisdoesn’trelateto.

A.thenumberofcigarettesapersonsmokesB.thekindandcharacteristicsofskin

C.howlongapersonsmokesD.howlongskinisundersunlight

31.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.informpeopleaboutthestudyofskinB.advisepeoplehowtoprotectskin

C.warnpeoplenottosmokeagainD.introduceanewwayofavoidskinaging

D

Untilrecently,voicecloning—orvoicebanking,asitwasthenknown—wasacustomizedindustrywhichservedthoseatriskoflosingthepowerofspeechtocancerorsurgery.Synthesizing（合成）avoicewasalongandexpensiveprocess.Itmeantrecordingmanyphrases,eachspokenmanytimes,withdifferentthehistoryoftheKidPassblogemotionalemphases（重音）andindifferentcontexts（statement,question,commandandsoforth）,inordertocoverallpossiblepronunciations.Avoice-bankingcompanyoftenchargesalotandrequiresaspeakertospenddaysinasoundstudio.

Notanymore.Softwareexiststhatcanstorepiecesofrecordedspeechwhichismerelyfivemillisecondslong,eachmarkedwithaprecisepitch（音高）.Thesecanbeputtogethertomakenewwords,andadjustedindividuallysothattheyfitharmoniouslyintotheirnewsonichomes.Thisismuchcheaperthanconventionalvoicebanking,andpermitsnovelusestobedeveloped.

ThisyearVivoTextplanstoreleaseanappthatletsusersselecttheemphasis,speedandlevelofhappinessorsadnesswithwhichindividualwordsandphrasesareproduced.Mr.Silbertreferstotheemotivequalityofthehumanvoiceas“theultimateinstrument”.Yetthispoweralsotroubleshim.VivoTextlicensesitssoftwaretoHasbro,anAmericantoymakerkeentosellincreasinglyinteractiveplaythings.Hasbroisaware,Mr.Silbertnotes,thatwithoutsafeguardsanaughtychildmight,forexample,typeimpolitewordsonhismother’ssmartphoneinordertoseeayoungersiblingburstintotearsonhearingthemspokenbyatoyusingmum’svoice.

Moretroubling,whentestedagainstvoice-biometricssoftwarelikethatusedbymanybankstoblockunauthorizedaccesstoaccounts,morethan80%ofthefakevoicestrickedthecomputer.AlanBlack,oneofFestvox’sdevelopers,thinkssystemsthatrelyonvoice-IDsoftwarearenow“deeply,fundamentallyinsecure”.

Dr.Saxenaandhiscolleaguesaskedvolunteersifavoicesamplebelongedtoapersonwhoserealspeechtheyhadjustlistenedtoforabout90seconds.Thevolunteersrecognizedclonedspeechassuchonlyhalfthetime（ie,nobetterthanchance）.Theoutcome,accordingtoGeorgePapcun,anexpertwitnesspaidtodetectfakerecordingsproducedasevidenceincourt,istheappearanceofatechnologywith“enormouspotentialvaluefordisinformation”.

Asmightbeexpected,countermeasurestorecognizesuchdeception（欺骗）arebeingdeveloped.

NuanceCommunications,amakerofvoice-activatedsoftware,isworkingonalgorithms（算法）thatdetecttinyskipsinfrequencyatt