理工类职称英语考试新增文章翻译及答案必考.docx

理工类职称英语考试新增文章翻译及答案必考.docx

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理工类职称英语考试新增文章翻译及答案必考

"LifeFormFound"onSaturn'sTitan

Scientistssaytheyhavediscoveredhintsofalienlife1ontheSaturn'smoon2.ThediscoveryofasortoflifewasannouncedafterresearchersattheUSspaceagency,NASA3,analyzeddatafromspacecraftCassini4,whichpointedto,theexistenceofmethane-basedformoflifeonSaturn'sbiggestmoon.

科学家声称他们在土星卫星2发现外星人生命迹象，在宣称发现生命迹象之前，美国航空局NASA3的研究者分析从卡西尼4发送来的数据指出，土星最大的卫星上有甲烷形式的生命存在。

Scientistshavereportedlydiscoveredcluesshowingprimitivealienbeingsare"breathing"inTitan'sdenseatmospherefilledwithhydrogen.

据报道，科学家发现有线索显示原始的外星人“生活”在土卫六的浓密的氢气环境中。

TheyarguethathydrogengetsabsorbedbeforehittingTitan'splanet-likesurfacecoveredwithmethanelakesandrivers.This,theysay,pointstotheexistenceofsome"bugs"5consumingthehydrogenatthesurfaceofthemoonlessthanhalfthesizeoftheEarth.

他们认为在土卫六的星球表面被覆盖的沼气湖泊与河流在被撞击之前氢气被吸收了。

他们指数一些“故障”5消耗掉月球表面的氢气，少于地球一半。

"Wesuggestedhydrogenconsumptionbecauseit'stheobviousgasforlifetoconsumeonTitan,similartothewayweconsumeoxygenonEarth,"saysNASAscientistChrisMcKay."Ifthesesignsdoturnouttobeasignoflife,itwouldbedoublyexcitingbecauseitwouldrepresentasecondformoflifeindependentfromwater-basedlifeonEarth."

“我们提出氢气消耗是因为氢气是存在土卫六上最明显的气体可供给生命，就像我们在地球上消耗氧气。

”NASA的科学家ChrisMcKay说，“如果这些迹象证实是生命迹象的话，那么这将是不同于地球上依赖水产生的生命的第二处生命的存在。

Todate,scientistshavenotyetdetectedthisformoflifeanywhere,thoughthereareliquid-water-basedmicroorganismsonEarththatgrowwellonmethaneorproduceitasawasteproduct.OnTitan,wheretemperaturesarearound90Kelvin6（minus290degreesFarenheit）,amethanebasedorganismwouldhavetouseasubstancethatisliquidasitsmediumforlivingprocesses,butnotwateritself.WaterisfrozensolidonTitan'ssurfaceandmuchtoocoldtosupportlifeasweknowit.

科学家尚未发现这种生命的大量存在，虽然地球上基于水的微生物在沼气中生存的很好，或者作为废弃物。

在土卫六上，气温约在90开时，依赖沼气的生物会用液体的物质作为生存媒介，而这种液体物质不是水。

水在土卫六表面会凝固成冰，而且据我们所知气温太低很难维持生命。

ScientistshadexpectedtheSun'sinteractionswithchemicalsintheatmospheretoproduceacoatingofacetyleneonTitan'ssurface.ButCassinidetectednoacetyleneonthesurface.

科学家已经做出估计，太阳与化学物质的反应在大气层中会产生出一层电石气覆盖在土卫六的表面。

但是卡西尼没有在其表面检测到电石气。

TheabsenceofdetectableacetyleneontheTitan'ssurfacecanverywellhaveanon-biologicalexplanation,saidMarkAllen,aprincipalinvestigator7oftheNASATitanteam.

NASA土卫六调查队长MarkAllen说，土卫六表面电石气的缺失可以用非生物学来解释。

"Scientificconservatismsuggeststhatabiologicalexplanationshouldbethelastchoiceafterallnon-biologicalexplanationsareaddressed,"Allensaid."Wehavealotofworktodotoruleout8possiblenon-biologicalexplanations.Itismorelikelythatachemicalprocess,withoutbiology,canexplaintheseresults."

保守科学主义认为所有的非生物解说提出之后再考虑生物解说，Allen说“排除掉可能的非生物说，我们还有很多工作要做，化学过程而非生物更能解释这些结果。

1.WhathavescientistsfoundaboutSaturn?

ATheyhavefoundanewmoonorbitingSaturn.

BTheyhavefoundmethane-basedlifeonSaturn.

CTheyhavefoundmethane-basedlifeonTitan.

DTheyhavefoundearthlikelifeonaSaturn'smoon.

2.WhatdoscientistssayaboutTitan?

ATherearelifecluesthere.

BThereisacetylenethere.

CWateronTitanexistsintheformofice.

DRiversandlakestherecontainlifeformls.

3.Todate,scientistshavenotyetdetectedthisformoflife.（paragraph5）Whatdoes"thisform

oflife"referto?

AWater-basedlife.

BMethane-basedlife.

CLiquid-water-basedmicroorganisms.

DGas-basedlife.

4.WhatcanbeinferredfromwhatAllensaid?

AScientistshavedifferentargumentsoverwhetherthereislifeonTitan.

BScientistsallagreethatthereislifeonTitan.

CScientistsallsuggestthatabiologicalexplanationisreasonable.

DScientistsallagreethatanon-biologicalchemicalreactionisapossibleexplanation.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethetitleofthispassage?

AEarthlikeLivingBeingsFoundonTitan.

BFindingofOneMoreMoonofSaturn.

CTitan,aNewSatelliteFound.

DAdifferentLifeForm,aPossibility.

答案：

CABAD

TeachingMath,TeachingAnxiety

Inanewstudyaboutthewaykidslearnmathinelementaryschool,thepsychologistsattheUniversityofChicagol1SianBeilockandSusanLevinefoundasurprisingrelationshipbetweenwhatfemaleteachersthinkandwhatfemalestudentslearn:

Ifafemaleteacherisuncomfortablewithherownmathskills,thenherfemalestudentsaremorelikelytobelievethatboysarebetterthangirlsatmath.

最的研究小孩在小学学习数学的研究中，芝加哥大学心理学家SianBeilock和SusanLevine发现了一个惊人的关系：

如果女老师自己的数学不好，那个她的女学生就会认为男孩比女孩更擅长数学。

"Ifthesegirlskeepgettingmath-anxiousfemaleteachers2inlatergrades,itmaycreateasnowballeffectontheirmathachievement3saidLevine.Inotherwords,girlsmayenduplearningmathanxietyfromtheirteachers4.Thestudysuggeststhatifthesegirlsgrowupbelievingthatboysarebetteratmaththangirlsare,thenthesegirlsmaynotdoaswellastheywouldhaveiftheyweremoreconfident.

Levine说“如果这些女孩在以后的年级中还有女老师数学不好，会产生一种雪球效应。

”换句话说，女孩们会因为数学不好老师而不再学数学。

研究认为如果这些女孩长大以后认为男孩比女孩的数学要好，那么这些女孩的数学会比相信自己时要差。

Justasstudentsfindcertainsubjectstobedifficult,teacherscanfindcertainsubjectstobedifficulttolearn--andteach.Thesubjectofmathcanbeparticularlydifficultforeveryone.

就像学生觉得某门科目很难，老师也会觉得某门科目难学难教，数学对于每个人来说都是很难的。

Researchersusetheword"anxiety"todescribesuchfeelings:

anxietyisuneasinessorworry.

研究者用“焦虑”这个词来表述感受：

焦虑指不安或担心。

Thenewstudyfoundthatwhenateacherhasanxietyaboutmath,thatfeelingcaninfluencehowherfemalestudentsfeelaboutmath.Thestudyinvolved65girls,52boysand17first-andsecond-gradeteachersinelementaryschoolsintheMidwest.Thestudentstookmathachievementtestsatthebeginningandendoftheschoolyear,andtheresearcherscomparedthescores.

新的研究发现当老师焦虑数学时，这种感觉会影响到她的女学生对数学的感觉。

研究包括65名女孩，52名男生和17名中西部小学一、二年级的老师。

研究者对比学生在学期开始和结束时拿的数学分数。

Theresearchersalsogavethestudentsteststotellwhetherthestudentsbelievedthatamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy.Thentheresearchersturnedtotheteachers:

Tofindoutwhichteacherswereanxiousaboutmath,theresearchersaskedtheteachershowtheyfeltattimeswhentheycameacrossmath,suchaswhenreadingasalesreceipt5.Ateacherwhogotnervouslookingatthenumbersonasalesreceipt,forexample,wasprobablyanxiousaboutmath.

研究者同时提问学生是否他们认为数学明星必须是男生。

然后提问老师：

找出对数学焦虑的老师，提问她当遇到数学时，比如看到销售收据时他们的感觉。

会对销售数据的数字感到焦虑的老师，可能就是对数学感到焦虑。

Boys,onaverage,wereunaffectedbyateacher'sanxiety.Onaverage,girlswithmath-anxiousteachersscoredlowerontheend-of-the-yearmathteststhanothergirlsinthestudydid.Plus,onthetestshowingwhethersomeonethoughtamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy,20girlsshowedfeelingthatboyswouldbebetteratmath--andallofthesegirlshadbeentaughtbyfemaleteacherswhohadmathanxiety.

平均的男生都不会被老师的焦虑所影响。

与有数学焦虑的老师在一起的女生的在期末数学考试中得的分数低于其他女生。

另外，在面对是否认为数学明显必须是男生的问题时，他们当中20个女生认为女生的数学应当较好。

"Thisisaninterestingstudy,buttheresultsneedtobeinterpretedaspreliminaryandinneedofreplicationwithalargersample6,"saidDavidGeary,apsychologistattheUniversityofMissouri7inColumbia.

这是一个有趣的调查，但是结果只能作为初步解释，需要翻倍的试验样本。

哥伦比亚密苏里大学心理学家DavidGeary说。

练习：

1.WhatistheresultoftheresearchattheUniversityofChicago,accordingtothefirstparagraph?

AGirlscomfortablewiththeirownmathskillsarebetterthanboysatmath.

BGirlsuncomfortablewiththeirownmathskillsarenotasgoodasboysatmath.

CFemaleteachers'mathskillshaveinfluenceovergirlstudents'mathskills.

DFemaleteachers'confidenceintheirmathskillsisrelatedtogirl'smathskills.

2.Whatisimpliedinthethirdparagraph?

AMathteachers,likemathlearners,donotlikethesubjectduetoitsdifficulty.

BAdifficultsubjectlikemathmayaffectteachers'confidenceinteachingthesubject.

CTeachersaremoreanxiousteachingmaththantheirstudentslearningmath.

DMathissodifficultthatnoteachersliketoteachit.

3.Accordingtotheexperiment,thoseteacherswereprobablyanxiousaboutmathwhentheyfelt

Anervousmemorizingthenumbersofasalesreceipt.

Bhelplesssavingthenumbersofasalesreceipt.

Cuneasyreadingthenumbersofasalesreceipt.

Dhopelessfillinginthenumbersofasalesreport.

4.Thesixthparagraphtellsusthattheresearchfindings

Aproveastronglinkbetweenfemaleteachers'mathanxietyandtheirfemalestudents'mathachievements.

Bshowthatmalestudentsarelesslikelytobeaffectedbytheirmathanxietythanfemalestudents.

Cprovidestrongevidencethatmathsuperstarsaremorelikelytobemalesthanfemales.

Ddiscoverastronglinkbetweenteachers'mathanxietyandtheirstudents'mathachievements.

5.DavidGearythinksthat

Athestudyisinterestingbutitisbasedonunreliableresearchprocess.

Btheresearchresultsneedtoberetestedbasedonalargersample.

Ctheresearchresultsneedtobereinterpretedtobemeaningful.

Dthestudyiswellbasedandproducessignificantresults.

答案：

DBCAB

ClimateChangePosesMajorRisksforUnpreparedCities

Anewexaminationofurbanpolicieshasbeen1recentlybyPatriciaRomeroLankao．Sheisasociologistspecializinginclimatechangeand2development．Shewarnsthatmanyoftheworld’sfast-growingurbanareas，especiallyindevelopingcountries．willlikelysufferfromtheimpactsofchangingclimate．Herworkalsoconcludesthatmostcitiesarefailingto3emissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhouse4．Thesegasesareknowntoaffecttheatmosphere．”Climatechangeisadeeplylocalissueandposesprofoundthreatstothegrowingcitiesoftheworld,”saysRomeroLankao.”Buttoofewcitiesaredevelopingeffectivestrategiesto5theirresidents