初中宾语从句讲解练习Word文档格式.docx
《初中宾语从句讲解练习Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初中宾语从句讲解练习Word文档格式.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
![初中宾语从句讲解练习Word文档格式.docx](https://file1.bingdoc.com/fileroot1/2023-4/30/002e585e-e20f-47b7-94ac-c98b2c58fa10/002e585e-e20f-47b7-94ac-c98b2c58fa101.gif)
(3)当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。
eg,Lisaaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound.
Pollysaidnonewsisagoodnews
宾语从句的引导词
注意:
一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外。
1.当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether.
eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'
llgoonthepicnic.
2.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时,只用whether.
eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.
Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot?
3.在不定式前用whether。
如:
Hehasn'
tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
4.whether置于句首时,不能换用if。
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'
tsay.这是否真的我说不上来。
5.引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。
Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否能来还是个问题。
6.若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。
Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook.可理解为:
b.Ifyoulikethebook,pleaseletmeknow.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我
7.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether.
eg,Youcan'
tworktheplanoutifyoudon'
thavethemeeting.
8.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时,这时不能用whether.
HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.
9.引导状语从句evenif(即使)和asif(好象)时,这时不能用whether.
Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.
宾语从句的否定转移:
1.当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.
2.主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?
IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'
tshe/he?
Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'
tyou?
3.如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词,如:
unhappy,unfair,dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?
4.当主句的主语是第二、三人称时,其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。
Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesn'
tshe?
Youthoughttheycouldhavecompletedtheproject,didn'
Theydon'
tbelieveshe'
sanengineer,dothey?
Shedoesn'
texpectthatwearecomingsosoon,doesshe?
练习题
(1).Idon’tthinkheisright,_________?
A.isn’theB.isheC.doID.don’tI
(2).Hebelievessheisright,__________?
A.doesn’theB.doesheC.issheD.isn’tshe
(3).Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,__________?
A.didn’theB.didheC.didID.didn’tI
(4).Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.
A.itB.thisC.thatD.what
(5).Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
在以下情况中that不能省略
1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.
2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.
3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.
4、当it作形式宾语时
例句:
Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim.
许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
5、当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.
6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
例题解析:
1.Theteacheraskedthestudents________.
A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn
C.whattheywilldowiththecomputersD.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted
解析:
宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序,答案B首先删去,主句一般过去式,从句要用于过去有关的时态,删去答案C和D,答案A中的if意为如果.应选A
2.Couldyoutellme_______?
A.whatthematteriswithyouB.whatwasthematterwithyou
C.what'
sthematterwithyouD.what'
sthewrongwithyou.
what就是从句的主语,what'
sthematterwithyou本身就是陈述语序,因此删掉A;
主句可看作是委婉的请求,并是一般过去式,可删去答案B;
wrong前不用加the,因此此题选C.
3.Heaskedme_______Icouldsingthesong"
MyHeartwillGoOn."
A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.that
此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词,故删去D;
weather意为天气,根据句意应选A.
4.Ourteachertoldusthatthemoon_________roundtheearth.
A.wentB.turnedC.goD.turns
从句是一个客观真理,因此从句的时态不受主句影响。
应选D
5.Itmakesnodifference__________.
A.whetherwillyoucometomorrow B.Whetherornotwillbepasstheexam
C.Ifhewillcometothemeetingornot
D.Whetherhewillcometothemeetingornot
答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if不能与not连用。
因此此题选D
6.Theydon'
tknow_______theirparentsare.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which
what表示职业,因此选B.
7.Iamsure_______yousaidistrue.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who
根据句意应用what,做said的内容,你所说的话。
应选A.
8.Theoldmantoldus_______and________.
A.todowhat,todohowB.whattodoit,howtodoit
C.whattodo,howtodoitD.whattodo,howtodo
疑问词what即连接不定式,又做do的宾语;
而在how引导的不定式短语中,how表示方式,do为及物动词,因此需接宾语才正确 应选C
练习与巩固:
1.---DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup________nextweek?
---NextFriday.Whenit________,Iwillringyou.
A.begins,beginsB.begins,willbeginC.willbegin,willbeginD.willbegin,begins
2.---Todayortomorrow?
---Whatareyoutalkingabout?
---Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO.
A.howB.whereC.whenD.what
3.Iwonder_________.
A.wheredoesheliveB.whereheliveC.heliveswhereD.wherehelives
4.---Areyousureyouhaveto?
It'
sbeenverylate.
---Idon'
tknow_____Icandoitifnotnow.
A.whereB.whyC.whenD.how
5.---Wouldyoupleasetellme_________?
---InasmallvillagenearNingbo.
A.wherewasyourmotherbornB.whereyourmotherwasborn
C.whenwasyourmotherbornD.whenyourmotherwasborn
6.Thephotographwillshowyou________.
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike
7.---Canyouguessifthey_______toplaybasketballwithus?
---Ithinkthey'
llcomeifthey_________free.
A.willcome,willbeB.willcome,areC.come,areD.come,willbe
8.---Wheredoeshecomefrom?
---Pardon?
---Iaskedwhere_________.
A.didhecomefromB.hecamefromC.hecomesfromD.doeshecomefrom
9.Shewondered__________.
A.howmuchhecostthecomputerB.howmuchhepaidforthecomputer
C.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthimD.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer
10.---Doyouknow________?
---I'
mnotsure.Maybeheisabusinessman.
A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如:
Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?
直接引语与间接引语
引述别人的原话叫直接引语,用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
这两种引语都是宾语从句,但直接引语放在引号内,不用连词连接;
间接引语不用引号,通常用连词与主句联接。
直接引语变间接引语:
1、变人称(动词的变化可根据实际情况,可用say,tell,ask,beg等)
①如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句的人称变化。
Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”
Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.
②如果从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称。
HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?
”
HeaskedtoKatehowhersisterwasthen.
Hesaid,“Youaretooclever.”
HesaidtomeIwastooclever.
Hesaidhewastooclever.
Heasked,“Isyourfatherolderthanyourmother?
”Heaskedmeifmyfatherisolderthanmymother.
③如果从句中的主语或宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
Mr.Smithsaid,“Jack(he)isagoodstudent.”→Mr.SmithsaidJack(he)wasagoodboy.
2、变时态
主句时态为一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时态要做相应的变化:
一般现在时一般过去时
现在进行时过去进行时
一般将来时过去将来时
现在完成时过去完成时
一般过去时过去完成时
过去完成时过去完成时
过去进行时过去进行时
某些代词,限定词,表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下:
直接引语 间接引语
today thatday
now then,atthatmoment
yesterday thedaybefore
thedaybeforeyesterday twodaysbefore
tomorrow thenextday/thefollowingday
thedayaftertomorrow twodaysafter,/intwodays
nextweek/monthetc thenextweek/monthetc
lastweek/monthetc theweek/monthetc.before
here there
this that
these those
come go
bring take
以下情况时态不变
主句时态为各种现在时或一般将来时
Hesays,“Icleanedtheroom.”→Hesayshecleanedtheroom.
直接引语是客观真理
Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.
直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式或已为过去式
Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”→ThedoctorsaidIshouldbetterstayinbedfor2days.
直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语
Jacksaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.
⑤直接引语如果是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变成间接引语时态不变。
Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.
3、变状语
时间状语变化:
now变为then;
yesterday变为thedaybefore;
today变为thatday.
Hesaid,“Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.
地点状语变化(尤其表示方向性的):
here变为there
Hesaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:
00.”→HesaidIshouldgothereat7:
00.
指示代词变化:
this变为that
Hesaid,“Thisbookismine.”→Hesaidthatbookwashis.
4、变句型
①陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。
Hesaid,“I’mveryglad.”→Hesaidthathewasveryglad.
一般疑问句变为以if(whether)引导的宾语从句。
Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?
”→Heaskedif(whether)Johncouldcomethatafter