初中宾语从句讲解及练习.docx
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初中宾语从句讲解及练习
宾语从句
1、基本概念
1.1宾语veiw请用下划线划出下列句子中的宾语：
Iknowhim.
Herunsabigshoefactory.
Wegrowlotsofvegetables.
Hetoldmethenews.
ShepromisedmeanicegifttomeonChristmasDay.
Ihearthatyouhavepassedtheexamination.
1.2什么是宾语从句？
当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就称之为宾语从句。
宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。
例如：
Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.（动词宾语）
HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.（动词宾语）
MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.（介词宾语）
1.3宾语从句的分类：
宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
如：
Weknew（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.
2.由if/whether引导的宾语从句。
如：
Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.
3.
如：
that可以省
由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice
2、引导词
（1）以that引导，主要用来引导陈述句形式的宾语从句，
略。
Iknow（that）heisaCanadianathlete.
Doyouthink（that）thechildrenneedtowriteasong?
Mariasays（that）shedoesn'tliketheuniforms.
Shetoldme（that）shewouldliketogowithus.
（2）以whether或if引导，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。
whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，两者可以互换使用。
如：
Iwonderif/whetherIcangetsomeadvicefromyou.
Askhimwhether/ifhecancome.
但在有些情况下，只能用whether，不能用if:
1.whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或ornot直接连用，而if
般不能。
Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.
2.当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导，而不能用if。
Whetheritistrueornot,Ican'ttell.
3.whether可以引导带to的不定式，if则不能。
如：
Idon'tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.
4.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语，但if不能。
如：
IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.
5.whether可以引导从句，作主语、表语或同位语，而if不能。
如：
Itwasuncertainwhetherhewouldcome.
HisfirstquestionwaswhetherTomhadarrivedyet.
Wemustconsiderthequestionwhetherwewilltakethesemeasures.
6.若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。
PIeaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook.可理解为：
a.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryoulikethebook.
b.Ifyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow.
[Practice]
1.Idon'tknowtheyhavepassedtheexam.
D.
A.WhatB.ifC.when
where
2.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeperMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
A.thatB.how
3.Idon’
A.whetherheisathome
C.thatheisathome
home
4.Thisdepends
A.which
C.what
know
WhoMoved
D.if
ornot.
B.ifheisathome
D.whetherisheat
on_
B.Whether
C.if
the
weatherisfine.
D.That
（3）疑问词引导的宾语从句
who,whom,whose,what,
why,how为连接词
YoumayaskwhatNorthAmericanpeoplewearonspecialdays?
IaskTomwhichChinesedishishisfavorite.
view
which,
when.
where,
Idon'tknowwhowillcometotheEnglishcorner.Canyoutellmehowyoudealwiththeproblem?
Canyoutellmewheretheyare?
Iaskhimwhyhisdogsaresopopular?
[Practice]
1.Canyoutellmeyouwereborn,Betty
D.that
A.whoB.whatC.When
3.
Shedidn'tknowbacksoon.
4.Doyouknowtheylistenedtoyesterdayevening
A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow
toldmetheaccident.
—Theysayheisateacher.（鄂州市）
D.where
A.whatB.WhoC.Which9.—WhereisJack
A.That
B.Which
—Heisawaytospendhisholiday.He'sgoneeithertoHangzhouortoWuhan,butrmnotsure.
C.where
D.there
10.Iwastold
BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywith
computers.
A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen
3.语序：
宾语从句必须用陈述句语序即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语+）”
根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
1）连接词+主语+谓语。
连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。
常见的连接词有：
who（m），what，which，howmany，howmuch，when，
／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。
如：
Hehasn'tdecidedifhe'llgoonatriptoWuxi．
CouldyoutellmewhatIshoulddowiththemoney连接词+谓语。
常见的连接词有：
who，what，which等。
Couldyoutellmewhoknowstheanswer，please？
Thesmallchildrendon'tknowwhatisintheirstockings
连接词+名词+谓语。
常见的连接词有：
whose，what，which，howmany，how
why，how，where，
if
2）
？
如：
3）
much等。
如：
Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestinourclass．
Theteacheraskedushowmanypeopletherewereintheroom．
4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。
常见的连接词有：
what，which，howmany，how
much,how等。
如：
Doyouknowwhichclassheisin？
SheaskedmeifIknewwhosepenitwas
[Practice]
DoeshelikeTimesEnglishPost?
Doyouknow?
Whataretheytalkingabout?
Iwanttoknow.HowcanIgettothetrainstation?
Canyoutellme?
1.Youmustremember
A.whatyourmothersaidyourmothersay
C.yourmothersaidwhatmothersaid
2.Couldyoutellme___
A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingtheyleaveBeijing
C.whentheywillleaveBeijingleaveBeijing
B.whatdid
D.whathasyour
B.whenwould
D.whendidthey
3.
Bwheredid
Dwhere
PIeasetellmelastyear.
A.wheredoesyoursisterworkyoursisterwork
Cwhereyoursisterworks
yoursisterworked
4.时态view
4.1当主句中的谓语动词是现在时类，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的
任何时态。
如：
Idon'tknowwhenhewillcomeback.
Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.
当主句中的谓语动词是过去类，从句的谓语动词只可一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。
如：
1Thechildrendidn'tknowwhohewas.
2Heaskedhisfatherhowithappened
注意：
如果宾语从句所表达的内容是客观真理或客观事实时，从句中动词都用一般现在时。
Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesroundthesun.
Hesaidheisforty.
Ididn'tknowthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
4.2if/when引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。
从句的时态的确定。
if
When
if/when从句的时
态
条件/时间状语从句
如果、假如
当…的时候
一般现在时
宾语从句
是否
什么时候
一般将来时
1）.宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+todosth
IhopeIcanmeetyouagain.
Ihopeyouagain.
2）.宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。
可简化为“疑问词+todosth”.
Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddonext.
Idon'tknownext.
CouldyoutellmehowIcangetthere?
Couldyoutellmethere?
Johndidn'tdecidewhichshirthewouldbuy.
Johndidn'tdecide
3）
从句，可改为“hear/see/find+sb（
.hear/see/find+that+
用宾格）+doingsth”.
Iheardthattheyweresinginginthenextroom.
Iheardinthenextroom.
Wefoundthatshewasplayingwiththecatunderthetree.
Wefoundwiththecatunderthetree.
对应练习
1.Thegirlsaskediftheysomefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.TookB.takeC.Takes
2.Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone
hadneverbeen
3.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey__
A.hadB.hasC.willhave
4.Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.
A.travelledB.hastravelled
travelled
5.Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.
A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebe
6.SheaskedmeifIknew.
A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas
whosepenwasit
7.Didyouknow
A.whohewaslookingafter
C.whoheislookingfor
D.willtake
C.hasneverbeen
dictationtoday.D.are
C.travells
D.had
C.hewillbe
C.whosepenitis
B.whowashelookingfor
D.whoheislookingafter
D.
D.
8.—DoyouknowI'mgoingtoseehim.
—Sorry,Idon'tknow.
A.wheredoesMr.Lilive
C.whereMr.Lilives
B.wheredidMr.Lilive
D.whereMr.Lilived巩固练习
一、选择题
1.SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.
A.couldsheB.shecould
2.Idon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme___
A.whatthematteris
C.whatthematterwas
3.WhatdidMikesay?
Hesaid
A.ifyouwerefreethenextweek
C.theweatherisfine
4.Letmetellyou.
A.howmuchisthecardoesthecarcost
C.howmuchdidIpayforthecaronthecar
5.Peterknew.
A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebooksomanyquestions
C.therewere12monthsinayearwillleaveforParis二、用所给动词的正确形式填空
Ihopehe（come）backinaweek.
Hetoldmehe（help）herwithhermathsthenext
C.shecanthismorning.
B.whatiswrong
D.whatwrongwas
D.shemay
B.whatcolourwasit
D.summercomesafterspring
B.howmuch
D.howmuchIspent
B.whytheboyhad
D.whenthey
1、
2、evening.
3、
4、thansound.
5class.
Shesaidthey（know）eachotherforquitesometime.
Ourteachertoldusthatlight（travel）muchfaster
Mikeaskedmeifwe
ask）anyquestionsthenext
（finish
Willyoucomeandstaywithusforawhilewhenyoudoingyourhomework？
car?
girlwondered.
about.
know.
shepay
7、ComradeWangdidn'tknowifthereeveningthatday.
8、Pleasetellmeifshe
Whoknows
（8）Wheredidsheparkhercar?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknow___her
（9）Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?
The
Thegirlwonderedoften
（10）
Idon'
Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?
Idon'tknowatthedoorsoloudly
[中考真题演练]
1.YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme?
A.whereyoubuyitB.wheredoyoubuyit
C.whereyouboughtitD.wheredidyoubuyit
2.—Excuseme.CouldyoutellmeIcangettotheSpaceMuseum?
--Ofcourse.YoucantakebusNo.1.
C.if
A.whereB.how
D.why
3.—Doyouknowthenewmobilephonelastweek?
--Maybe900yuan.I'mnotquitesure.
B.howmuchwill
A.howmuchshepaidforforC.howmuchdidshepayfor
4.MichaelJordanhasfailedoverandoveragaininhislife.Andthathesucceeds.
A.what
B.when
C.why
5．AliceinWonderlandisafantasticmovie.It'sabout
'sreignofterror
'sreignofterror
'sreignofterror
'sreignofterror
A.howdidAliceendtheRedQueen
B.whatdidAliceendtheRedQueen
C.howAliceendedtheRedQueen
D.whatAliceendedtheRedQueen
6.—Doyouknowthegirlinredis?
--I'mnotsure.Maybeateacher.
A.whenB.how
C.where
D.what
7.—Whatdidyourparentsthankaboutyourdecision?
--TheyalwaysletmedoIthinkIshould.
A.when
B.that
C.how
D.what
D.where
nexttomeonthe
planewasverynervous,for
8.Thegirlsittingshebefore.
A.didn'tfly
C.hadn'tflown
B.hasn'tflown
D.wasn'tflying
9.—Idon'tknow
now.
—Sheismuchbettertoday.
A.howissheB.whereis
she
C.howshe
is
D.wheresheis
10.Iwanttoknow
A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportarriveattheairport
C.whentheairportweshouldarriveatshouldwearriveat
B.whenshouldwe
D.whentheairport
11.--Wouldyoupleasetellme
--At10:
00thisevening.
A.whenwillthetrainleave
B.whenthetrainwillleave
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