高中最全的离子反应方程式大全按字母顺序总结.docx
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高中最全的离子反应方程式大全按字母顺序总结
高中最新最全的离子反应方程式大全
A开头
Al
2Al+6H+==2Al3++3H2↑
2Al+2OH-+2H2O==2AlO2-+3H2↑
Al3++3H2O
Al(OH)3+3H+Al3++3OH-==Al(OH)3↓
Al3++4OH-==AlO2-+2H2O
3Al3++10OH-==2Al(OH)3↓+AlO2-+2H2O(当n(AlCl3)/n(NaOH)=3:
10时)
Al3++3NH3.H2O==Al(OH)3↓+3NH4+2Al3++3CO32-+3H2O==2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑
Al3++3HCO3-==Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑Al3++3HS-+3H2O==Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑
2Al3++3S2-+6H2O==2Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑Al3++3AlO2-+6H2O==4Al(OH)3↓
2Al3++3SiO32-==Al2(SiO3)2↓
AlO2-+2H2O
Al(OH)3+OH-AlO2-+H++H2O==Al(OH)3↓
AlO2-+4H+==Al3++2H2O
9AlO2-+30H+==2Al(OH)3↓+7Al3++12H2O(当n(NaAlO2)/n(HCl)=3:
10时)
3AlO2-+Fe3++6H2O==Fe(OH)3↓+3Al(OH)3↓AlO2-+NH4++H2O==Al(OH)3↓+NH3↑
AlO2-+HCO3-+H2O==Al(OH)3↓+CO32-
2AlO2-+CO2+3H2O==2Al(OH)3↓+CO32-AlO2-+CO2+2H2O==Al(OH)3↓+HCO3-
Al2O3+6H+==2Al3++3H2OAl2O3+2OH-==2AlO2-+H2O
Al(OH)3+3H+==Al3++2H2OAl(OH)3+2OH-==AlO2-+2H2O
Ag
Ag++H2O
AgOH+H+Ag++NH3.H2O==AgOH↓+NH4+;
Ag++2NH3.H2O==[Ag(NH3)2]++H2OAg++Cl-==AgCl↓
Ag++Br-==AgBr↓Ag++I-==AgI↓
3Ag++PO43-==Ag3PO4↓2Ag++CO32-==Ag2CO3↓
Ag2CO3+2H+==2Ag++CO2↑+H2OAg3PO4+3H+==3Ag++H3PO4
2Ag[(NH3)2]++2OH-+CH3CHO
CH3COO-+NH4++2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
2Ag[(NH3)2]++2OH-+CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO
CH2OH(CHOH)4COO-+NH4++2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
As
As2O3+6Zn+12H+==AsH3+6Zn2++3H2OAsO33-+I2+2OH-==AsO43-+2I-+H2O
H3AsO4+2I-+2H+==H3AsO3+I2+H2O
B开头
Ba
Ba2++SO42-=BaSO4↓Ba2++CO32-=BaCO3↓3Ba2++2PO43-=Ba3(PO4)2↓
Ba2++2OH-+CO2==BaCO3↓+H2O
Ba2++2OH-+2H++SO42-==BaSO4↓+2H2O(NaHSO4溶液中加Ba(OH)2,使溶液呈中性)
Ba2++OH-+H++SO42-==BaSO4↓+H2O (NaHSO4溶液中加Ba(OH)2,使Ba2+全部沉淀)
BaCO3+2H+==Ca2++CO2↑+H2O
Br
2Br-+Cl2=2Cl-+Br2Br2+SO2+2H2O==2Br-+2H++SO42-
4Br-+2Fe2++3Cl2==2Fe3++2Br2+6Cl-(足量Cl2)
2Br-+2Fe2++2Cl2==2Fe3++Br2+4Cl-(当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)=1:
1时)
10Br-+6Fe2++8Cl2==6Fe3++5Br2+16Cl-(当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)=3:
4时)
C开头
C
CO32-+2Ag+==Ag2CO3↓CO32-+Ba2+==BaCO3↓CO32-+Ca2+==CaCO3↓
CO32-+2H+==CO2↑+H2O
CO32-+H2O
HCO3-+OH-3CO32-+2Al3++3H2O==2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑
3CO32-+2Fe3++3H2O==2Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑
CO2+2AlO2-+3H2O==2Al(OH)3↓+CO32-CO2+AlO2-+2H2O==Al(OH)3↓+HCO3-
CO2+OH-==HCO3-CO2+Ba2++2OH-==BaCO3↓+H2O
CO2+2OH-==CO32-+H2O
3CO2+5OH-==2CO32-+HCO3-+2H2O(当n(CO2)/n(NaOH)=3:
5时)
CO2+SiO32-+2H2O==H4SiO4↓+CO32-
Ca
Ca2++2OH-+CO2==CaCO3↓+H2OCa2++2OH-+SO2==CaSO3↓+H2O
Ca2++2ClO-+SO2+H2O==CaSO4↓+HClO+H++Cl-(少量SO2)
Ca2++2ClO-+2SO2+4H2O==CaSO4↓+2Cl-+4H++SO42-(足量SO2)
Ca2++2ClO-+CO2+H2O==CaCO3↓+2HClOCaCO3+2H+==Ca2++CO2↑+H2O
Cl
Cl2+H2O==Cl-+H++HClOCl2+2OH-==Cl-+ClO-+H2OCl2+2OH-==Cl-+ClO-+H2O
Cl2+2I-==2Cl-+I2Cl2+H2SO3+H2O==2Cl-+SO42-+4H+Cl2+H2S==2Cl-+2H++S↓
Cl2+2Fe2+==2Fe3++2Cl-(向FeBr2溶液中少量Cl2)
3Cl2+2Fe2++4Br-==2Fe3++2Br2+6Cl-(足量Cl2)
2Cl2+2Fe2++2Br-==2Fe3++Br2+4Cl-(当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)=1:
1时)
8Cl2+6Fe2++10Br-==6Fe3++5Br2+16Cl-(当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)=3:
4时)
Cl2+2I-==2Cl-+I2Cl2+2I-==I2+2Cl-(向FeI2溶液中通入少量Cl2)
3Cl2+2Fe2++4I-==2Fe3++2I2+6Cl-(足量Cl2)
4Cl2+2Fe2++6I-==2Fe3++3I2+8Cl-(当n(FeI2)/n(Cl2)=3:
4时)
2Cl-+4H++MnO2==Mn2++Cl2↑+2H2OCl-+Ag+==AgCl↓
ClO-+H+==HClOClO-+SO2+H2O==2H++Cl-+SO42-ClO-+H2O
HClO+OH-
CN
CN-+H2O
HCN+OH-
Cr
Cr2O7-+6Fe2++14H+==6Fe3++2Cr3++7H2O
Cu
Cu+2Fe3+==2Fe2++Cu2+3Cu+2NO3-+8H+==3Cu2++2NO↑+4H2O
Cu2++2H2O
Cu(OH)2+2H+Cu2++2NH3.H2O==Cu(OH)2↓+2NH4+
Cu2++4NH3.H2O==[Cu(NH3)4]2++4H2OCu2++2Na+2H2O==2Na++Cu(OH)2↓+H2↑
Cu2++H2S==2H++CuS↓Cu2++Fe==Cu+Fe2+Cu2++2OH-==Cu(OH)2↓
CuO+2H+==Cu2++H2O
CxHyOz
C6H5O-+H2O
C6H5OH+OH-C6H5O-+CO2==C6H5OH+HCO3-
6C6H5OH+Fe3+==[Fe(C6H5O)6]3-(紫色溶液)+6H+
CH3CHO+2Ag[(NH3)2]++2OH-
CH3COO-+NH4++2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2
CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O
2CH3COOH+CaCO3==2CH3COO-+Ca2++CO2↑+H2O
CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Ag[(NH3)2]++2OH-
CH2OH(CHOH)4COO-+NH4++2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Cu(OH)2
CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O
5C2H4+12MnO4-+36H+==12Mn2++10CO2↑+28H2O
5C2O42-+2MnO4-+16H+==2Mn2++10CO2↑+8H2O
F开头
F2
2F2+2H2O==4HF+O2↑
4HF+SiO2==SiH4+2H2O
Fe
Fe+2H+=Fe2++H2↑Fe+Cu2+=Fe2++CuFe+2Fe3+==3Fe2+
Fe2++2OH-==Fe(OH)2↓2Fe2++Cl2==2Fe3++2Cl-2Fe2++Br2==2Fe3++2Br-
4Fe2++O2+4H+=Fe3++2H2O12Fe2++3O2+6H2O=8Fe3++4Fe(OH)3↓
2Fe2++H2O2+2H+==2Fe3++2H2O6Fe2++Cr2O7-+14H+==6Fe3++2Cr3++7H2O
5Fe2++MnO4-+8H+==5Fe3++Mn2+4H2O3Fe2++NO3-+4H+==3Fe3++NO↑+2H2O
Fe2++S2-==FeS↓2Fe2++Cl2==2Fe3++2Cl-(向FeBr2溶液中通入少量Cl2)
2Fe2++4Br-+3Cl2==2Fe3++2Br2+6Cl-(足量Cl2)
2Fe2++2Br-+2Cl2==2Fe3++Br2+4Cl-(当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)=1:
1时)
6Fe2++10Br-+8Cl2==6Fe3++5Br2+16Cl-(当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)=3:
4时)
2Fe2++4I-+3Cl2==2Fe3++2I2+6Cl-(向FeI2溶液中足量Cl2)
2Fe2++6I-+4Cl2==2Fe3++3I2+8Cl-(当n(FeI2)/n(Cl2)=3:
4时)
Fe3++3OH-==Fe(OH)3↓2Fe3++Cu==2Fe2++Cu2+2Fe3++Fe==3Fe2+
2Fe3++Zn==2Fe2++Zn2+2Fe3++3Zn==2Fe+3Zn2+Fe3++3HCO3-==Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑
Fe3++3AlO2-+6H2O==Fe(OH)3↓+3Al(OH)3↓2Fe3++3CO32-+3H2O==2Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑
2Fe3++H2S==2Fe2++S↓+2H+2Fe3++S2-==2Fe2++S↓2Fe3++2I-==2Fe2++I2
2Fe3++SO2+2H2O==2Fe2++SO42-+4H+Fe3++3SCN-==Fe(SCN)3(红色溶液)
Fe3++6C6H5OH==[Fe(C6H5O)6]3-(紫色溶液)+6H+Fe3++3H2O
Fe(OH)3(胶体)+3H+
FeO+2H+==Fe2++H2OFe2O3+6H+==Fe3++3H2OFe3O4+8H+==Fe2++2Fe3++4H2O
FeS+2H+==Fe2++H2S↑
H开头
H+
H++OH-=H2O
H2O
2H2O+2Na=2Na++2OH-+H2↑2H2O+2Na2O2=4Na++4OH-+O2↑H2O+Na2O=2Na++2OH-
H2O+Cl2==Cl-+H++HClO
H2O2
H2O2+2I-+2H+=I2+2H2OH2O2+2Fe2++2H+==2Fe3++2H2O
5H2O2+2MnO4-+6H+=2Mn2++5O2↑+8H2OH2O2+Cl2=2H++2Cl-+O2↑
H2O2+SO2==2H++SO42-
H2CO3系列
H2CO3
H++HCO3-HCO3-
H++CO32-
H2O+CO32-
HCO3-+OH-HCO3-+H2O
H2CO3+OH-
HCO3-+OH-==CO32-+H2OHCO3-+H+==CO2↑+H2O
3HCO3-+Al3+==Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑3HCO3-+Fe3+==Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑
2HCO3-+Ca2++2OH-==CaCO3↓+2H2O+CO32-(向NaHCO3溶液中加入少量澄清石灰水)
HCO3-+Ca2++OH-==CaCO3↓+H2O(足量澄清石灰水)
HCO3-+Ca2++OH-==CaCO3↓+H2O(向Ca(HCO3)2溶液中加入少量NaOH溶液)
2HCO3-+Ca2++2OH-==CaCO3↓+2H2O+CO32-(Ca(HCO3)2溶液中加入足量NaOH溶液)
HCO3-+OH-==CO32-+H2O(向NH4HCO3溶液中加入少量NaOH溶液)
HCO3-+NH4++2OH-==CO32-+H2O+NH3.H2O(向NH4HCO3溶液中加入足量NaOH溶液)
2HCO3-+SO2==SO32-+CO2↑+H2OHCO3-+AlO2-+H2O==Al(OH)3↓+CO32-
H3PO4系列
H3PO4
H++H2PO4-H2PO4-
H++HPO42-HPO42-
H++PO43-
H3PO4+OH-=H2PO4-+H2OH2PO4-+OH-=HPO42-+H2OHPO42-+OH-=PO43-+H2O
PO43-+H2O
HPO42-+OH-HPO42-+H2O
H2PO4-+OH-
H2PO4-+H2O
H3PO4+OH-
H++PO43-=HPO42-H++HPO42-=H2PO4-H++H2PO4-=H3PO4
H2S系列
H2S
H++HS-HS-
H++S2-
H++S2-=HS-H++HS-=H2S
H2O+S2-
HS-+OH-HS-+H2O
H2S+OH-
H2S+OH-==HS-+H2OHS-+OH-==S2-+H2O
H2S+Cl2==2Cl-+2H++S↓2H2S+SO2==3S↓+2H2O2H2S+O2==2S↓+2H2O
H2S+Cu2+==2H++CuS↓H2S+(CH3COO)2Pb==PbS↓+2CH3COOH
H2S+2OH-==S2-+2H2O3HS-+Al3++3H2O==Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑
H2SO3系列
H2SO3
H++HSO3-HSO3-
H++SO32-HSO3-+H2O
H2SO3+OH-
HSO3-+OH-==SO32-+H2OHSO3-+H+==SO2↑+H2O
H2SO3+Cl2+H2O==2Cl-+SO42-+4H+
I开头
I
2I-+2Fe3+==2Fe2++I22I-+Cl2==2Cl-+I22I-+Br2==2Br-+I2
I-+Ag+=AgI↓2I-+H2O2+2H+=I2+2H2O5I-+IO-+6H+==3I2+3H2O
I2+2OH-==I-+IO-+H2OI2+5Cl2+6H2O==12H++10Cl-+2IO3-
L开头
Li
2Li+2H2O==2Li++2OH-+H2↑Li2CO3+2H+=2Li++CO2↑+H2O
M开头
Mg
Mg+2H+==Mg2++H2↑Mg2++2OH-=Mg(OH)2↓Mg2++CO32-=MgCO3↓
MgCO3+2H+=Mg2++CO2↑+H2OMgMg2++2H2O
Mn
MnO2+2Cl-+4H+==Mn2++Cl2↑+2H2OMnO4-+5Fe2++8H+==5Fe3++Mn2+4H2O
2MnO4-+5SO2+2H2O==2Mn2++5SO42-+4H+2KMnO4-+5H2O2+6H+==2Mn2++5O2↑+8H2O
12MnO4-+5C2H4+36H+==12Mn2++10CO2↑+28H2O
2MnO4-+5C2O42-+16H+==2Mn2++10CO2↑+8H2O
N开头
Na
2Na+2H2O==2Na++2OH-+H2↑2Na+Cu2++2H2O==2Na++Cu(OH)2↓+H2↑
NH3系列
NH4++H2O
NH3.H2O+H+2NH4++SiO32-+H2O==H4SiO4↓+2NH3↑
NH4++AlO2-+H2O==Al(OH)3↓+NH3↑
NH4++HCO3-+2OH-==CO32-+H2O+NH3.H2O(向NH4HCO3溶液中加入足量NaOH溶液)
NH3+H2O
NH3.H2O
NH4++OH-
NH3.H2O+Ag+==AgOH↓+NH4+;2AgOH==Ag2O+H2O(AgNO3溶液中加入少量氨水)
2NH3.H2O+Ag+==[Ag(NH3)2]++H2O (足量氨水):
2NH3.H2O+Cu2+==Cu(OH)2↓+2NH4+(向CuSO4溶液中加入少量氨水):
4NH3.H2O+Cu2+==[Cu(NH3)4]2++4H2O(足量氨水):
2NH3.H2O+Zn2+==Zn(OH)2↓+2NH4+(向ZnCl2溶液中加入少量氨水)
4NH3.H2O+Zn2+==[Zn(NH3)4]2++4H2O (足量氨水):
3NH3.H2O+Al3+==Al(OH)3↓+3NH4+
NO2-、NO3-
2NO2-+2I-+4H+==2NO↑+I2+2H2O5NO2-+2MnO4-+6H+==2Mn2++5NO3-+3H2O
NO3-+3Fe2++4H+==3Fe3++NO↑+2H2O2NO3-+3SO2+2H2O==3SO42-+2NO↑+4H+
2NO3-+3Cu+8H+==3Cu2++2NO↑+4H2O
0开头
O
OH-+H+=H2OOH-+CO2==HCO3-O2+2H2S==2S↓+2H2O
O2+2S2-+4H+=S↓+2H2OO2+2HS-+2H+=S↓+2H2OO2+4Fe2++4H+=Fe3++2H2O
3O2+12Fe2++6H2O=8Fe3++4Fe(OH)3↓O2+2SO32-==2SO42-O3+2I-+2H+==I2+O+2H+==Mg2++H2OMg(OH)2+2H+=O2+H2O
P开头
P
PO43-+3Ag+=Ag3PO4↓2PO43-+3Ba2+=Ba3(PO4)2↓2PO43-+3Ca2+=Ca3(PO4)2↓
2PO43-+3Mg2+=Mg3(PO4)2↓PO43-+H+=HPO42-PO43-+2H+=H2PO4-
PO43-+3H+=H3PO4
Pb2++SO42-=PbSO4↓Pb2++S2-=PbS↓
PbO2+2Cl-+4H+==Pb2++Cl2↑+