英语写作基础教案修辞.docx

英语写作基础教案修辞.docx

《英语写作基础教案修辞.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语写作基础教案修辞.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

英语写作基础教案修辞

英语写作基础教案修辞篇

IV.Idioms

Refinedandsanctifiedbylongusage,idiomshavebeendescribedasthecrystallizationoflanguage.Withoutidiomsourlanguagewouldbecomedullanddry,whereasanappropriateuseoftheminourspeechandwritingwilladdtothestrengthandvividnessposedoffewwords,containanextremelyprofoundandrichmeaning;foranothermostidiomscarryavividimage.

Anidiomisafixedgroupofwordswithaspecialmeaningwhichisdifferentfromthemeaningsofthewordsthatformit.To“readabook”,forinstance,isnotanidiom,forthemeaningofthephraseisthemeaningsofthethreewordsputtogether,and“abook”canbereplacedbyotherwordslike“anewspaper”or“amagazine”.To“readbetweenthelines”isdifferent.Thefourwordsthatformtheidiomgivenohintastowhatitmeansandnoneofthewordscanbechangedtoformanotherunderstandablephrase.

Englishisrichinidioms.Thefollowingtypesofidiomsaremostcommon:

1.Phrasalverbs

putupwith:

tolerate;livewith　　turnout:

prove

lookforwardto:

expect

carryon:

conductortransact

comeacross:

beconfrontedwith

2.N.+prep.+n.

astrawinthewind:

aslighthintthatshowswhichwaythingsmaydevelop

theappleofone’seye:

sb.orsth.dearlyloved　　

likeafishoutofwater:

feeluncomfortableorawkwardbecauseofbeingin

unfamiliarsurroundings　　

inaworldofone’sown:

livealifeoffantasywithoutcommunicatingwithother

people;inprivate

3.Prep.+n.

inkind:

（ofpayment）ingoodsornaturalproduce,notinmoney　　ontheair:

broadcasting

atlength:

eventually,atlast;ingreatdetail

（comeoff/through）withflyingcolors:

makeagreatsuccessofsth.

4.V.+n.

won’tholdwater:

（oftheories）tobenotsoundwhentested　　slipone’smind:

forget

killtwobirdswithonestone:

gettwicetheresultwithhalfeffort

gotothedogs:

（ofanorganization,institution,etc.）changesothatitisnolonger

asefficient,productive,etc.asbefore

5.As…as…

asbigaslife:

asbigastheactualsizeof…

（Believeitornot,hewashereyesterday~.）

aseasyaspie/ABC

asdifferentasnightandday/blackandwhite　　aspoorasachurchmouse　　asinnocentasanangel

aswiseasSolomon

ascunningasafox/anape　　asgreedyasaJew/bear　　ascruelasatiger

asstubbornasabear/mule　　ashardasrock/stone　　assteadyasiron　　asroundasaball

aslightasair/afeather　　asredasrose

assilentastheSphinx　　asrichasamillionaire　　assoftassilk　　aswhiteassnow

asdarkascoal/pitch/ink

asproudasapeacock/rooster　　ascoolascucumber　　ascoldasice　　asheavyaslead

asswiftasanantelope/wind

asmerryasalark/cricket/king/prince　　assillyasanass/agoose　　asstrongasahorse/anox　　asmuteasafish　　asnimbleasagoat　　asclearascrystal　　asbraveasalion　　asblindasabat　　asbusyasabee

asscarceaschickenteeth　　asslipperyasaneel　　asfirmasrock

astimidasahare/rabbit　　asfitasafiddle

asgoodasgold

6.Pairsofwords

（tostand）wearandtear:

tolastwell

highanddry:

（ofaship）stranded;aground

Helefther~inastrangecountrywithoutanymoney.　　touch-and-go:

uncertainastotheresult

Itwas~whetherwewouldgettotheairportintime.

Thepatientisoutofdangernow,butitwas~[uncertainwhetherhewould

survive]forawhile.

（tohavesth.done）inblackandwhite:

（haveit）recordedinwritingorprint

2

safeandsound

fairandsquare　　vimandvigor　　fairorfoul　　potsandpans　　oddsandends　　wealandwoe　　thicksandthins　　atsixesandsevens

TweedledumandTweedledee　　neitherfishnorflesh　　tomindone’sP’sandQ’s　　hitherandthither7.Sayings

Oneman’smeatisanotherman’spoison.Astitchintimesavesnine.Takeitorleaveit.

Don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched:

Firstcatchyourhare,thencookit.Torunaftertwohares,youcancatchneither.Whenthecat’saway,themicewillplay.Jackofalltradesandmasterofnone.Graspall,loseall.

Manproposes,Goddisposes.Oncebit/bitten,twiceshy.

Afallintothepit,againinyourwit.

Thespiritiswilling,butthefleshisweak.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Whenthereislife,thereishope.Thechildisfatheroftheman.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.

Don’tyouseethewritingonthewall?

Nocross,nocrown.

Anidleyouth,aneedyage.

Followlove,anditwillflee;fleelove,anditwillpursue.Asyousow,sowillyoureap.Manyapicklemakesanickel.Moneymakesthemaretogo.

V.FiguresofSpeech（修辞手法）

Wordsusedintheiroriginalmeaningsareusedliterary,whilewordsusedinextendedmeaningsforthepurposeofmakingcomparisonsorcallinguppicturesinthereader’sorlistener’smindareusedfiguratively.

AsaChineseidiomgoes,“Withallitsbeautythepeonyneedsthegreenofitsleavestosetitoff.”Therichandcolorfulcontentofwritingcanbeexpressedthroughsuchartisticdevicesas

3

figuresofspeech,whichcontributemuchtoitsexpressiveandemotionalpower.

Aknowledgeofvariousfiguresofspeechcommonlyusedinwritingwillhelpusnotonlytoappreciatebeautyoflanguage,butalsolearntousethevariousrhetoricalfiguresinourownwriting.

Themostcommonoffiguresofspeecharethefollowing:

1.

Simile

Simileisadirectcomparison,inwhichsubject,referenceandindicatorofresemblanceareall

present,itsformulabeing:

Subject+indicatorofresemblance+reference.Timeflieslikeanarrow.

Onedayapartseemslikethreeyears―tomisssomebodyverymuch.likeaducktowater:

tofeeljustlikeafishinwater.asdryassawdust:

Itislikechewingwax―insipid.likeacatonhotbricks:

likeanantonahotpan.Heissomethingofamusician/apoliticalchameleon.softasdove’sdown　　―WilliamShakespearefreeasmountainwinds　　（Ibid.）

rapidastheshadowofacloud　　―ThomasHardy

happyasarosetreeinsunshine　　―WilliamIwanderedlonelyasacloud　　―WilliamWordsworth2.

Metaphor

Metaphorisanimpliedcomparisoninwhichbothsubjectandreferenceareused,butnoindicatorofresemblance.Metaphorismoreadvancedthansimile,forcomparisonisimpliedinthestructure,insteadofbeingexpressedbyanindicatorofresemblance.It’sformulais:

Subject+tobe+reference:

Timeismoney.

Aninchoftimeisaninchofgold.

Withmoneyyouareadragon;withoutityouareaworm.Moneybecomestheking.

Manyretireesarecouchpotatoes.Thenewspaperisajungleofads.Ittakestwototango.It’slonelyatthetop.

Somespecialinterestgroupshijackthepeoplethroughuncontrolledprofitandinflation.Mylifeisonelongcurve,fullofturningpoints.Alltheworldisastage.Hehasaheartofstone.Sheisabookworm.SheisreallyaBarbby.

SometimesyougointowhatIcallabubbleboom.Everybubblebursts.Efficiencyisunderminedinajungleofredtape.

Thescandaltookalotoflusteroffthepresident’sstatus.Lifeisbutadream.

4

Life’sbutawalkingshadow.　　―WilliamShakespeareTOEFL/IELTSisabridgetoforeignuniversities.Hisfriendhasbecomeathorninhisside.Youareyourmother’sglass.

3.Personification

Personificationisafigureofspeechinwhichhumanbeingsarecomparedtoinanimatethingsorviceversa.Beingnew,originalandimpressive,personificationcanmakeanabstracttruthmorevividandexpressive.

Inthefollowingsentenceshumanattributesaregiventoabstractqualities,toobjectsortoanimals:

Actionspeakslouderthanwords.

Wallshaveears―bewareofeavesdroppers.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.awalkingdictionary

（cf.alivingdictionary;know-it-all）

anoldstick-in-the-mud:

someonewhoisold-fashionedandfightschange.

（olddiehard;oldfogey）Arollingstonegathersnomoss:

Itimpliesthatapersonwhoisconstantlymovingandchangingfromoneplaceoroccupationtoanotherwillnevergainasteady,establishedposition.

（cf.Arollingstonegathersnomoss;constantchangeofone’sprofessionaccumulatesnowealth.）

Theautumnwindissighing.

Springawakened,andallnaturesmiled.Clothescanmaketheman.Duskcamestealthily.

Thistimefatewassmilingtohim.

Thunderroaredandapouringrainstarted.

Aliegoeshalfwayaroundtheworldbeforetruthhastimetogetitstrouserson.Thematchwillsoonbeoveranddefeatisstaringusintheface.Moneywon’tbuytime.

Fortunesmiledonme;Igotthescholarship.

Flu/SARSstalkedabout,touchingonehereandtherewithhisevilfinger.

4.Metonymy

Metonymyisafigureofspeechinwhichthenameofonethingissubstitutedforanotherassociatedwithorsuggestedbyit.Thethingspokenofandthethingmeantmaybewhollyunlike,buttherelationbetweenthemissuchthatthementionofonesuggeststheother,“Thedrunkardloveshisbottle.”Herethereisnoresemblance,butverycloserelation.

Inwritingwhenmetonymyiswellemployed,brevityandvividnessmaybeachieved:

Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.Ratsdesertasinkingship.

Anyoxthatcanpulltheploughisagoodox,whetherit’sredorblack.

5

Athousandyearscannotrepairamoment’slossofhonor.　　（Asingleslipmaycauselastingsorrow.

Theerrorofamomentbecomestheregretofalifetime.　　Onefalsestepbringseverlastinggrief.　　Onesingleslipbringseternalregret.）

Forme,thereisnoonebutmywife,andmywifeistheworld.It’sacrimetostayinsideonsuchabeautifulday.It’snocrimetomispronounceaword.

I’mabitangry./I’mratherangry./ScarcelyamIsoangry.I’vespentaconsiderableamountoftimereading