高二英语语法总结It用法及其句型和固定搭配.docx
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高二英语语法总结It用法及其句型和固定搭配
高二英语语法总结:
“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配
"It"用法及其句型和固定搭配,是高中英语语法的重点、难点,又是近几年高考的热点,因此应给予充分的重视,现将it用法归纳如下:
一、It用作实词
表达以下概念:
指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this,that;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……
二、It用作形式主语
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It作形式主语的常见句型:
1.代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为
(1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.
此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词:
easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous…
例Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.
(2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.
此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词:
kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.
例It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.
(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型
It'snogood/usedoing…
It's(well)worthdoing…
It's(well)worthone'swhiledoing/todo…
It's(well)worthwhiledoing/todo
例It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.
2.It替代作主语的从句常见句型
(1)Itis+noun+从句
例Itisnosecretthatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.
(2)Itisadj.+clause
It'ssurprisingthat…(should)………竟然……
It'sapity/shamethat…(should)………竟然……
例It'simportantthatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.(=It'sofmuchimportancethatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.)
(3)Itverbsb.+clause=Itisv-ing+clause
It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze
/bother/concern/frighten/please/angersb.that…
例Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.(=Itwasworryingthatshedrovesofast.)
(4)Itverb(tosb.)that…=sb/sthverbtodo
(verb=appear,seem,comeabout,emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,transpire,turnout,workout)
例It(so)happened/chancedthattheywereout.(=Theyhappened/chancedtobeout.)
(5)Itisv-edthat…=sb/sthistodo
(verb=say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,determine,intend,plan,understand,know)
例Itissaidthatthecouplehavegottendivorced.(=Thecouplearesaidtohavegottendivorced.)
(6)Itisv-edthat…(should)…
(verb=demand,request,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend
例Itissuggestedthattheyshouldbeginwiththethirdquestion.
三、It作主语的句型
1.Ittakessb.…todo…(=sbtakes…todo…)某人用多长时间做某事
例Ittookthemenaweektomendourroof.(=Thementookaweektomendourroof.)
2.It's(just)(un)likesb.todo…(不)像某人做某事的风格
例Itwas(just)likehimtothinkofhelpingus.
3.It's(about/high)timethat…should/v-ed…是该做某事的时候了
例It's(about/high)timethatweshouldtakeaction.
4.It'sthex-thtime(that)…havev-ed…第几次做某事了
例It'sthethirdtimethathehasfailedthedrivingtest.
5.Itis/hasbeen…since…continuousv-ed(延续性动词)某动作已有多长时间不发生了
例It's10yearsthathelivedhere
6.Itwas(not)…before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了
例Itwasnotlongbeforetheyarrived.
四、It作形式宾语
用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It作形式宾语的常见句型:
1.verb+it+adj./noun(for/of)todo/clause(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)
例Ithinkithardforyoutodothetaskonyourown./Ithinkithardthatyou'lldothetaskonyourown.
2.verb+it+adj./noun(one's)doing(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=nouse/nogood/worthone'swhile/awasteoftime/money/energy/words)(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)
例I'llmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthissecret.
3.verb+it+important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essentialthat…(should)…
verb+it+ofmuch/great/no/littleimportancethat…(should)…
(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)
例Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.
4.verb+it+as+noun/adj.+clause(verb=accept,regard,take,see,view)
例Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.
5.v.+it+prep.+that…
oweittosb.that…把…归功于…
leaveittosbthat…把…留给某人去做
takeitforgrantedthat…想当然
keepitinmindthat…
例Don'tbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveittometosortout.
6.It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面,尤其是表示好恶的动词后,enjoy,like,love,dislike,resent,hate,don'tmind,befondof,feellike,seeto宾语从句紧跟it之后
例IhateityoucanswimsowellandIcan't.
7.It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面,宾语从句紧跟it之后(exceptthat例外)
例I'mforitthatyouwillfollowtheiradvice.
五、强调句型
Itis/was+被强调部分+that(who)…强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。
当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。
在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点:
1.请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句
例Whenwasitthathechangedhismindtotakepartintheactivity?
2.在强调原因状语从句时,只能强调由because所引导的从句
例Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.
3.在强调not…until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上
例ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasmybrother.
4.注意强调句型与定语从句的区别
例Itwasat7o'clockthathecamehereyesterday.(强调句型)
Itwas7o'clockwhenhecamehereyesterday.(定语从句)
六、It常用的固定搭配
1.makeit
(1).在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:
成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达
例It'shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.
(2).在口语中相当于fixthedatefor,表示“约定好时间”
例—Shallwemeetnextweek?
—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.
2.asitis
(1).相当于infact,inreality表示“事实上,实际情况是……”
例Wehadplanedtofinishthetasktoday,butasitisweprobablywon'tfinishituntilnextweek.
(2).相当于方式状语从句,表示“照原样”
例Leavethetableasitis.
3.asitwere相当于asonemightsay,thatistosay,表示“也就是说,可以说,换句话说”
例Heis,asitwere,amodernSherlockHolmes.
4.ifitweren'tfor…/ifithadn'tbeenfor…用来引导虚拟语气,相当于without,orbutfor,表示“如果不是……,要不是……”
例Ifitweren'tforTom,Iwouldn'tbealivetoday.
5.that'sit
(1).相当于That'sall.That'ssomuch.表示“至此为止,没有别的了”
例Youcanhaveonemoresweet,andthat'sit.
(2).相当于That'sright.表示“对啦”
例—Iguessthekeytotheproblemisthechoice“A”
—That'sit.
6.catchit在口语中,相当于bepunished/scoldedfordoingsth.wrong.表示“因做错事而挨骂,受责备,受批评,受惩罚”
例We'llreallycatchitformourteacherifwe'relateforclassagain.
7.haveit
(1).相当于say,insist表示“说,主张,表明,硬说”
例Rumourhasitthattheyaregettingdivorced.
(2).相当于gettoknowsomething,表示“了解,知道,获悉”
例IhaditfromJohnthatshewasgoingabroad.
8.havewhatittakes在口语中,相当于bewellqualifiedfor,表示“具有成功的条件”
例Youcantakeitfrommethatyourdaughterhaswhatittakestobeastar.
9.soitseems/appears.
10.Keepatit!
(Don'tgiveup!
)相当于goon,表示“继续做,不放弃”
例Myteacheraskedmetokeepatit.
11.Goit!
(Goon!
)拼命干,莽撞
12.Nowyouhavedoneit!
(Youhavedonesth.wrong.)
13.Nowyou'llcatchit!
(You'llbepunished.)
14.Asithappened,…在口语中,相当于it'sapitythat…,表示“真不凑巧,真遗憾”
例Asithappened,theywereout.
15.Asitturnedout,…在口语中,相当于itwasfoundtobeintheend,表示“最后被证明是”
例Asitturnedout,hisstatementwasfalse.