届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编阅读理解B篇带答案精确校对.docx

届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编阅读理解B篇带答案精确校对.docx

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届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编阅读理解B篇带答案精确校对

One【2018届上海市上海中学高三上学期第二阶段检测】

SectionB

Directions：

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（B）

Withthecomingofbigdataage,datascienceissupposedtobestarvedfor,ofwhichtheadaptioncanpointaprofoundchangeincorporatecompetitiveness.Companies,bothborn-inthedigitaleraandtraditionalworld

areshowingofftheirskillsindatascience.Therefore,itseemstohavebeencreatingagreatdemandfortheexpertsofthistype.

MrCarlosGuestrin,machinelearningprofessorfromUniversityofWashingtonarguesthatallsoftwareapplicationswillneedinbuiltintelligencewithinfiveyears,makingdatascientists—peopletrainedtoanalyzelargebodiesofinformation—keyworkersinthisemerging“cognitive”technologyeconomy.Therearealreadycriticalapplicationsthatdependonmachinelearning,asubfieldofdatascience,ledbyrecommendationprograms,frauddetectionsystem,forecastingtoolsandapplicationsforpredictingcustomerbehavior.

Manycompaniesthatareborndigital—particularlyinternetcompaniesthathaveagreatnumberofreal-timecustomerinteractionstohandle—areall-inwhenitcomestodatascience.Pinterest,forinstance,maintainsmorethan100machinelearningmodelsthatcouldbeappliedtodifferentclassesofproblems,anditconstantlyfieldsrequestfrommanagerseagertousethisresourcetodealwiththeirbusinessproblem.

Themostimportantfactorweighingonmanytraditionalcompanieswillbethehighcostoflaunchingaseriousmachine-learningoperation.Netflixisestimatedtospend＄150mayearonasingleapplicationandthetotalbillsisprobablyfourtimesthatonceallitsusesofthetechnologyaretakenintoaccount.

Anotherproblemformanynon-technologycompaniesistalent.OfthecomputerscienceexpertswhouseKaggle,onlyabout1000havedeeplearningskills,comparedto100,000whocanapplyothermachinelearningtechniques,saysMrGoldbloom.Headdsthatevensomebigcompaniesofthistypeareoftenreluctanttoexpendtheirpayscalestohirethetoptalentinthisfield.

Athirdbarriertoadaptingtothecomingeraof“smart”applications,however,islikelytobecultural.Somecompanies,suchasGeneralElectric,havebeenbuildingtheirownSiliconValleypresencetoattractanddevelopthedigitalskillstheywillneed.

Despitetheobstacles,somemanymasterthisdifficulttransition.Butcompaniesthatwerebuilt,fromthebeginning,withdatascienceattheircenter,arelikelytorepresentseriouscompetition.

60.Whatcannotbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthemachinelearning?

A.MachinelearningoperationsarecostlyinNetflix.

B.Machinelearningplaysanimportantroleinexistentapplications.

C.Machinelearningexpertsarenothighlypaidinsomenon-technologycompanies.

D.MachinelearningmodelsarenotsufficienttosolvebusinessproblemsinPinterest.

61.Theunderlinedwordinthe3rdparagraph“fields”mostlyprobablymeans______________.

A.avoidsB.createsC.solvesD.classifies

62.Whichoneisthebiggestobstacleformanytraditionalcompaniestobeginamachine-learningoperation?

A.HighcostB.ExpertcrisisC.TechnologicalproblemD.Customerinteractions

Keys:

60-62DCA

Two【2018届上海市华师大二附中高三上学期阶段测试题】

SectionB

Directions：

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（B）

Thinktheworldlovesyourselfiesasmuchasyoudo?

Notexactly.

It’sbecomesomethingofaritualformanyofus.Whenyou’vebinge-watchedeverythingonNetflixandyouaretiredofonlineshopping,youheadtothebathroomtoputonyourverybestmakeup.Yourgoalisclear;togettheperfectselfieforFacebook,Instagram,Snapchat…or,morelikely,alloftheabove.Afterperfectingyoureyelinerandcurlingyourlashes,you’reready.Youholdupyourphone,poutthoselipsrealtight,andinaninstant,snap.

Butwait,haveyoueverwonderedwhat’sbehindyourburningdesiretoself-document?

Mostpeoplewouldsaythatthisisaformofexpressionorperhapsevenawayofboostingtheirself-esteem.Whateveryourreasonsmaybe,themomentyouuploadthatpicture,it’snolongeryourstojudge.Indeed,youpassoverthatimmensepowertotheonlineworld.

Whileyoumaythinkthatyourever-growingcollectionofselfiesendearspeopletoyou,quitetheoppositemaybetrue.Thatis,atleast,accordingtoarecentstudy,conductedbySarahDiefenbach,aprofessoratLudwig-Maximilians-UniversityMunichandpublishedinFrontiersinPsychology.Diefenbachsurveyedatotalof238peopleinAustria,Germany,andSwitzerlandtofindouthowmanypeopleregularlytakeanduploadselfiesandwhattheythoughtwhenothersdidthesamething.

Ratherunsurprisingly,amassive77percentofthepeoplesurveyedadmittedtobeingobsessedwithregularlytakingselfies.Whatwasmoreinteresting,though,wasthefactthatanastonishing82percentofpeoplesaidthattheywouldratherseeotherselfiesonsocialmedia.Diefenbachcallsthisthe“selfiesparadox”:

theideathatweliketakingselfiesbutseriouslydislikelookingatotherpeople’sselfiesonline.

Theresearchdidn’tjustinquireintowhetherwewanttoseeselfies,butalsolookedathowweviewourownselfiesasopposedtothoseofothers.Accordingtotheresults,peopletendtoseetheselfiestheylikeas“self-ironic”and“authentic”,whereastheythinkthatotherpeople’sselfiesas“lessauthentic”andmore“self-presentational”.

Inshort,thisresearchsuggeststhatthereisamassivegulfofdifferencebetweenhowweseeourownselfiesandhowwejudgeotherpeople’spictures.Itsuggeststhatwearecomfortablewiththeselfieswepostsincewebelievetheyareobviouslynotseriousorvain,butwethinkeveryoneelseisatotalegotistfordoingtheverysamething.

“Thismayexplainhoweverybodycantakeselfieswithoutfeelingnarcissistic.Ifmostpeoplethinklikethis,thenitisnowonderthattheworldisfullofselfies,”explainsDiefenbach.So,asillogicalasitsounds,thiscouldbewhyweunashamedlypostselfiesandthenjudgeotherpeoplefordoingso.Somehow,weareabletoseparateourownselfiesfromtheseaofthemonlineandnaivelythinkthatoursaretheonlyauthenticones.

So,thenexttimeyouidlyreachforyourphoneandflickthroughthefilters,considerthis:

Thepeoplearoundyoumaynotneedanothercarefullyplannedsnapofyourface.Instead,youmightbebetteroff,givingitabreakandcallingofftheselfiephotoshoottoday.Whileyou’reatit,makesureyouneverpostthesepicturesonsocialmediaeither.

60.WhichofthefollowingmaynotbethereasonforpeopleuploadingtheirselfiesontheInternet?

A.Toshowotherswhatkindofpersonstheyare.

B.Tobemoreconfidentaboutthemselves.

C.Toencourageotherstomakecommentsonthem.

D.Tomakeotherslikethemmore.

61.Whatdoestheword“paradox”（line4,paragraph5）mean?

A.complicatedstatementsB.contradictorystatements

C.constructivestatementsD.complimentarystatements

62.Accordingtothepassage,whatarepeople’sattitudestowardsselfies?

A.Theytendtoliketheirownselfiesmorecomparedwithothers’selfies.

B.Theybelievethatotherpeople’sselfiesaremuchbetterthantheirown.

C.Theythinkthatotherpeople’sselfiesareasgenuineastheirs.

D.Theysometimesfeelashamedofpostingselfiesonsocialmedia.

Keys:

60-62CBA

Three【2018届上海市华师大二附中高三上学期期中试题】

SectionB

Directions：

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（B）

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