专八人文美国文学部分.docx
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专八人文美国文学部分
美国文学:
LiteratureofColonialAmerica(16世纪末——17世纪中期)
ThefirstAmericanliteraturewasneitherAmericannorreallyliterature.——aninterestingmixtureoftravelaccountsandreligiouswritingsbyEuropeanimmigrants.
JohnSmith(the“firstauthor”inthehistoryofAmericanliterature)
1.ATrueRelationofVirginia(the“firstbook”inAmericanliterature)关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述
2.AMapofVirginiawithaDescriptionoftheCounty
Puritanism
TheLiteraturearoundtheRevolutionofIndependence:
LiteratureofEnlightenment(reason/order)(17世纪中期~18世纪末)
BenjaminFranklin
风筝实验/宾夕法尼亚大学创始人
PoorRichard’sAlmanac穷理查德年鉴
TheAutobiography自传(13美德)
ThomasJefferson
第三届总统,弗吉尼亚大学创始人,独立宣言起草人
DeclarationofIndependence
ThomasPaine托马斯·潘恩
Pamphleteer
CommonSense常识(mostfamousandgreatestpoliticalpamphlet)
TheAmericanCrisis美国危机(16篇革命檄文)
RightsofMan人的权利
TheAgeofReason理性的时代
PhilipFreneau菲利普.弗伦诺
PoetoftheAmericanrevolution,fatherofAmericanpoetry
TheBritishPrisonShip英国囚船
TheRisingGloryofAmerican美国的荣誉蒸蒸日上
TheIndianBuryingGround印第安人殡葬地(lyric)
TheWildHoneySuckle野金银花
AmericanRomanticism(18世纪末——19世纪中后期)
WashingtonIrving
1.ThefirstprosestylistofAmericanRomanticism;
2.FatherofAmericanLiterature:
thefirsttoachieveinternationalliteraryreputation
AHistoryofNewYork纽约外史
TheSketchBook见闻札记(markedthebeginningoftheAmericanRomanticismandwasthefirstworkbyanAmericanwritertowinfinancialsuccess)
1.TheLegendofSleepyHollow睡谷的传说
2.RipVanWinkle瑞普凡温克尔(escapefromsocietyandreturntonature)
3.TalesofaTraveler旅行者的故事
4.TheAlhambra阿尔罕伯拉
FamousforhistalesaboutAmerica
JamesCooper库珀(novelist)
TheSpy间谍(theRevolutionaryWar)
ThePilot领航者——seanovels
LeatherStockingTales——frontiernovels:
thePioneers拓荒者
thelastoftheMohicans
thePrairie大草原
thepathfinder探路人
theDeerslayer杀鹿者
EdgarAllanPoe爱伦·坡(poet,novelist)
FatheroftheAmericandetectivestories
TalesoftheGrotesqueandArabesque怪诞奇异故事集
TheFalloftheHouseofUsher厄舍古屋的倒塌
TheRaven乌鸦
TheTell-taleHeart泄密的心
ToHelen致海伦
RalfWaldoEmerson爱默生
Nature-----themanifestoofAmericantranscendentalism
TheAmericanScholar(America’sdeclarationofintellectualindependence)
Self-Reliance论自助
1.TheTranscendentalClub:
TheDial
2.Transcendentalism:
oversoul,nature,individualism(Self-reliance,divinity)
HenryDavidThoreau梭罗
CivilDisobedience论公民的不服从权利
Walden瓦尔登湖
Transcendentalism
NathanielHawthorneNovelist
MossesfromanOldManse古屋青苔
TheScarletLetter红字
TheHouseoftheSevenGables有七个尖角阁的房子
TheBlithedaleRomance福谷传奇
TheMarbleFaun玉石雕像
Symbolism&Americanpuritanmoralism
HermanMelville梅尔维尔
novelist
MobyDick白鲸(thefirstAmericanproseepic)
Typee泰比
BillyBudd比利·伯德
WilliamCullenBryant
OneofAmerica’searlistnaturalistpoets
TheFountain泉
TheWhite-footedDeer白蹄鹿
AForestHymn森林赋
TheFloodofYears似水流年
Thanatopsis死亡随想(mostfamousnaturepoem)
“ToaWaterfowl”致水鸟
StresstheAmericanself-consciousness
HenryWadsworthLongfellow朗费罗
(ThefirstAmericanpoettowritethenarrativepoems)
TheSongofHiawatha海华沙之歌(美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗)
VoicesoftheNight夜吟
APsalmofLife人生礼赞
ThefirstAmericanpoettobehonoredbyhavinghisbustplacedinthepoets’CornerofWestminsterAbbey.
WaltWhitman
(fatheroffreeverse)
LeavesofGrass(marktheendoftheAmericanromanticism)
SongofMyself自我之歌
1.freeverse:
poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhyme
2.Democraticides
3.mostpoemssingof“en-mass”&theself
EmilyDickinson迪金森(女)
ThisisMyLettertotheWorld
IHeardaFlyBuzzWhenIDied
BecauseICouldNotStopforDeath
themes:
religion,life,death,love,marriage,nature
AmericanRealism(19世纪中——20世纪初,美国第二次文学繁荣期)
1.Socialenvironmentforliteraryshiftsofthetime
1 Disillusionmentandfrustration;
2 Increasingratesofdemocracyandliteracy;
3 Rapidgrowthinindustrialismandurbanization(big-citybossism);
4 Anexpandingpopulationbaseandensuingimmigration;
5 Transportationandcommunication;
6 Arelativeriseinmiddle-classaffluence.
2.MajorfeaturesofRealisminAmericanLiterature:
1 Straightforwardormatter-of-factmanner;
2 Focusoncommonnessofthelivesofthecommonpeople;
3 Objectiveratherthanidealisticviewofhumannature;
4 Presentmoralvisions;
5 Usuallyopenending.(开放式结局)
HarrietBeecherStowe斯托夫人
UncleTom’sCabin汤姆叔叔的小屋
“thelittlewomanwhowrotethebookthatmadethisgreatwar.”——Lincoln
WilliamDeanHowells(ThreegiantsofAmericanrealisticwriters)
TheRiseofSilasLapham
赛拉斯.拉帕姆的发迹
(hismasterpiece,afineexampleoftheAmericanrealisticnovels)
AModernInstance
一个现代的例证
AHazardofNewFortunes
新财富的危害
站在大贵族大资产阶级立场上观察描述现实社会,被称为“温和现实主义”
O.Henry欧亨利
1.ThefatherofmodernAmericanshortstories;
2.Americanlifehumorencyclopedia
3.ShortprosewriterlaureateasManhattan
4.ThreegiantsofAmericanrealisticwriter
TheCopandtheAnthem
TheGiftoftheMagi
O.Henry'stwistendings欧亨利式结局
MarkTwain马克·吐温
1.Thetruefatherofournationalliterature;
2.penname:
SamuelLanghorneClemens
3.ThreegiantsofAmericanrealisticwriters.
1.TheAdventuresofTomSawyer;
2.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(“allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes”---Hemingway)
3.ThePrinceandthePauper王子与贫儿
4.LifeontheMississippi
5.TheGildedAge镀金时代
(thegildedage—theageofrealism)
6.TheInnocent’sAbroad
傻瓜出国记
7.TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty
卡拉维拉斯县有名的跳蛙
1.descriptionoflivesoflower-classpeopleoftheMississippiriver——localcolorism
2.ColloquialSpeech
HenryJames詹姆斯
1.AnAmerican-bornBritishwriter
2.Founderofpsychologicalrealism
DaisyMiller黛西.米勒
TheAmerican美国人
ThePortraitofaLady贵妇人的画像
TheAmbassadors奉使记
TheAmerican美国人
TheWingsoftheDove鸽翼
TheGoldenBowl金碗
1.Highly-refinedanddelicatelanguage
2.Internationaltheme
TheodoreDreiser德莱赛
SisterCarrie嘉莉姐妹
JennieGerhardt珍妮姑娘
TrilogyofDesire欲望三部曲(TheFinancer金融家,TheTitan巨人,TheStoic斯多噶);
TheGenius天才
AnAmericanTragedy美国的悲剧(hisgreatestwork)
naturalism
JackLondon杰克·伦敦
TheSonoftheWolf狼之子(firstcollectionofshortstories)
TheCalloftheWild野性的呼唤;
TheSea-wolf海狼;
WhiteFang白牙
MartinEden(autobiography/anattackonindividualism)
1.Naturalism
2.Spokesmanoftheworkingpeoplestrugglingforsurvival.
StephenCrane克莱恩
Pioneerwhowroteinthenaturalistictradition
TheRedBadgeofCourage红色英勇勋章
Maggie:
AGirloftheStreets
街头女郎梅姬
naturalism
FrankNorris诺利斯
McTeague麦克提格
naturalism
SherwoodAnderson
舍伍德.安德森
Winesburg,Ohio
俄亥俄州瓦恩斯堡镇
AmericanModernism(20世纪初——)
Modernpoetry
EzraPound庞德
(America’sfirstself-consciousinnovatorinpoetry)
InaStationoftheMetro在地铁站
Imagism意象派
RobertFrost
弗罗斯特
1.winnerofthePulitzerPrizeinpoetry4times;
2.RecitationofapoematPresidentJohnF.Kennedy’sinauguration
“MendingWall”修墙
“TheRoadNottaken”没有选择的道路
NewHampshire(第一次普利策奖作品)
“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”
WallaceStevens斯蒂文斯
TheAurorasofAutumn秋天的晨曦
T.S.Eliot艾略特
1948诺贝尔文学奖
TheWasteLand荒原
AshWednesday圣灰星期三
MurderintheCathedral大教堂里的谋杀案
FourQuarters四个四重奏
TheHollowMen空心人
TheSacredWood圣林
ModernFiction
FrancisScottFitzgerald
菲茨杰拉德
(SpokesmanoftheJazzAge)
TheGreatGatsby了不起的盖茨比(masterpiece)
TenderistheNight
ThisSideofParadise
TheLastTycoon最后的巨头
DisillusionoftheAmericanDream
ErnestHemingway海明威
1.spokesmanforthelostgeneration
2.1953普利策奖
1954诺贝尔奖
TheSunAlsoRises太阳照样升起
(thefirstnovelandpaintstheimageofawholegeneration—thelostgeneration)
FarewelltoArms永别了,武器
ForWhomtheBellTolls
丧钟为谁而鸣
DeathintheAfternoon
午后之死(descriptionofbullfight)
TheOldManandtheSea
(Mancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeate)
1.TheHemingwayCode:
hisheroes“graceunderpressure”
2.IcebergTheory
JohnSteinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克
OfMiceandMen鼠和人
TheGrapesofWrath愤怒的葡萄(PulitzerPrize/harshrealityofthedepression)
ThePearl珍珠
TheGreatDepression
WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳
南方文学流派
AsILayDying在我弥留之际
LightinAugust八月之光
TheSoundandtheFury
喧哗与骚动
Absalom,Absalom押沙龙,押沙龙
ARoseforEmily献给艾米丽的玫瑰
ThefailureandthedecayoftheSouthbeforetheCivilWar
SinclairLewis辛克莱.刘易斯
Babbitt巴比特
SaulBellow索尔·贝洛
1976诺贝尔奖
TheAdventureofAugieMarch奥基·马奇历险记
Humboldt'sGift洪堡的礼物
DanglingMan晃来晃去的人
JDSalinger塞林格
TheCatherintheRye麦田守望者
Theyoungster’srebellionsagainstthedubiousvaluesoftheadultworld
AllenGinsberg艾伦.金斯堡
Howl嚎叫
JosephHeller
Catch22
blackhumor
JohnUpdike厄普代克
TheRabbitsSeries兔子系列
JackKerouac克鲁亚克
OntheRoad在路上
BlackLiterature:
HarlemRenaissance
RalphEllison埃利森
InvisibleMan隐形人
JamesArthurBaldwin鲍德温
GoTellItontheMountain向苍天呼吁
Giovanni’sRoom乔瓦尼的房间
AnotherCountry另一个国家
LangstonHughes兰斯顿.休斯
(PoetLaureateofBlack“黑人民族的桂冠诗人”)
MontageofaDreamDeferred推迟的梦想
TheWearyBlues疲惫的布鲁斯
ToniMorrison托妮.莫里森
TheBluestEye最蓝的眼睛
Beloved宠儿
ModernDrama:
EugeneO’Neill
1936诺贝尔奖
LongDay’sJourneyintoNight长夜漫漫路迢迢
TheEmperorJones,
TheHairyApe,
DesireundertheElms
TennesseeWilliam威廉斯
TheGlassMenagerie玻璃动物园;
TheStreetcarNamedDesire欲望号街车;
CatonaHotTinRoof热铁皮屋顶上的猫
ArthurMiller阿瑟·米勒
剧作家
TheDeathofaSalesman推销员之死
TheCrucible炼狱(萨勒姆女巫案,在中国上演)
AllMySons我的儿子们