跨文化交际实用教程-unit3-熊萍萍.ppt

跨文化交际实用教程-unit3-熊萍萍.ppt

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Unit3,DailyVerbalCommunication（II）,2,Objectives,LearnthesocialfunctionsofcomplimentsandcomplimentresponsesLearnthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishcompliments/complimentresposesLearnthedifferentexpressionsofgratitudeandapologyinEnglishandChinese,3,CONTENTS,I.Warm-upcasesII.DetailedStudy:

SocialfunctionsofcomplimentsComplimentsandcomplimentresponsesDifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishcomplimentsCommonresponseformulasofEnglishandChinesecomplimentsExpressionsofgratitudeandapologyinEnglishandChineseIII.CaseStudyIV.SummaryV.Assignments,4,Case1.AnInvitationtoDinner,I.Warm-upcases,Question:

Ifyouwerethedirectorandchosentomediatethissituation,whatwouldyoudotoensurenottooffendeitherparty?

HowwouldyouexplainBartsbehaviortoManual?

HowwouldyouexplainManualstoBart?

5,Case2.TheCancellationoftheDinnerParty,Comment:

1.InNewZealand,afriendcanopenlyprovideconstructivecriticism.IfStandidnotmakesuchsuggestionstoafriendinhiscountry,thefriendwouldbeangrythatStandidnothelphimwhenhehadthechance.2.InPhilippines,apersoncannotbeafriendandacriticatthesametime,oratleastnotinpublic.Stanshouldfindsomeotherway（acceptabletotheFilipinos）tovoicehiscomments.,6,Case3Whyshouldtheydolikethis?

Comment:

1.TheBritishpeoplemaintaintheiretiquetteandsocialmannersevenwhentheyareveryexcited.2.TheFilipinocoupledidnotintroducetheirFilipinofriendtohim3.TheFilipinosweretalkingintheirownnativelanguage.NodoubttheBritishfeltleftout,whichisunacceptableandrarelyoccursonsocialoccasionsinBritain.4.Whenimmigrantsmeetinaforeigncountry,theytendtotakenonoticeoftheirsurroundings/peoplearound,whichisconsideredtoberudeandrequiresattention.,7,II.Compliments,SocialfunctionsofcomplimentsB.ComplimentandcomplimentresponsesC.DifferencesbetweenChinesecomplimentsandEnglishcompliments（semanticformulaandsyntacticformula）D.CommonresponseformulasinEnglishandChineseE.Differentculturalassumptionsaboutcompliment,8,WorkingroupstodiscussthesocialfunctionsofComplimentsEg.greetingpeople,.,Socialfunctionsofcompliments,9,OnbehalfofallyourAmericanguests,IwishtothankyoufortheincomparablehospitalityforwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyfamousforthroughouttheworld.Iparticularlywanttopaytribute,notonlytothosewhopreparedthemagnificentdinner,butalsotothosewhohaveprovidedthesplendidmusic.NeverhaveIheardAmericanmusicplayedbetterinaforeignland.-byPresidentNixonatawelcomingpartyinhis1972visittoChinaQ:

WhatisthesocialfunctionofNixonscompliment?

Case1,10,（Abossmeetshisyoungfemaleemployeeinthemorning）A:

Well,youlookgoodtoday.Youhavesuchniceclothes.B.Thankyou.Ihavehadthisforawhile.（Twoacquaintancesmeetinthestreet）A:

Hi,Pat.Howareyoudoing?

Youlooknice.B:

Thanks,Anne.Sodoyou.,MoreCases,11,A:

ThanksfortheChristmaspresentyousentme.ItssoniceandjustwhatIneeded.B:

Imgladyoulikeit.（Twofriendsdecidetomakeupafteraquarrel.Onecomestotheapartmentoftheother.）A:

Hi,Mary.Howareyou?

B:

OK.Howareyou?

A:

Imfine.（pause）B:

Oh,thisvaseisreallypretty,whendidyougetit?

12,Socialfunctionsofcompliments,1.Tocreateorreinforcesolidarity2.Togreetpeople3.Toexpressthanksorcongratulations4.Toencourageagingpeople5.Tosoftencriticism6.Tostartaconversation7.Toovercomeembarrassment,13,PositiveFunctionsofCompliments,Itsagoodmannertocomplimentothers.Asincerecomplimentisalwaysawelcomeboosttosomeonesday.Ithelpsopenupconversations,givepeoplealift,andraiseonesself-esteem,14,Ittakesconfidenceandself-esteemtonoticegoodthingsaboutothersandtomakethefirstcaringmovetotellthemaboutitYoullalsofindwhenyoustartnoticinggoodthingsaboutpeople,youllnoticemoregoodthingsaboutyoutoo!

Andthemoreyoudo,themoreyourownself-esteemwillgrow.,-RaisesYour,Self-Esteem,GivingCompliments,15,Thinkaboutit,Howoftendoyoucomplimenttheothers?

Howdoyoufeelwhenyouarecomplimented?

HowdoChinese/Englishspeakersrespondtocompliments?

16,WorkinPairstoactoutthefollowingtwocases:

AyoungChinesewomanintheU.S.wascomplimentedbyanAmericanwomanforthelovelydressshewaswearing:

“Itsexquisite.Thecolorsaresobeautiful!

”Shewaspleasedbutsomewhatembarrassed.IntypicalChinesefashion,shereplied,“Oh,itsjustanordinarydressIboughtinChina.”,17,b.AtareceptionatanAmericancollege,Mr.Chen,anewly-arrivedChinesescholar,waschattingwiththehostess.Asanacquaintanceofthehostessapproached,shesaid,“Ron,letmeintroduceMr.Chen,anoutstandingphysicistandoneofthenicestpeopleIknow.”Mr.Chenofferedhishandtothenewcomerbutlookedatthehostessandsaidwithasmile,“ShouldIblush,orshouldItellhimyoudontreallymeanit?

”,18,Discussion1.Inbothcases,whatmessageisconveyedbythewordsoftheChinese?

2.Whatistheintention/implicationoftheChinese?

19,Discusshowyouwouldrespondinthefollowingsituationsandactthemout.Aforeignvisitorwaslookingatthehostspottedflowerswithobviousadmiration.Theplantswerebloomingprofusely.Thehostremarkeddiffidently,“Growingflowersismyhobby,butImnotmuchgoodatit.”ACanadianaskedaChineseartteachertolookoveranarticlethatshehadwrittenaboutChinesepaintings.Heagreed,butaddedthat“Ireallyknowlittleaboutthesubject.”,20,Complimentsandcomplimentsresponses,Fishingforcompliments“Growingflowersismyhobby,butImnotmuchgoodatit”-“Buttheseflowersarebeautiful”“IwishIcoulddoaswell!

”,21,Fishingforcompliments,“Ireallyknowlittleaboutthesubject.”-“Well,Icertainlydontknowanybodywhoknowsmorethanyoudo!

”,22,Chinesecompliments,Chinaisanoldcountrywithfivethousandyearscultureandcivilizationandknownforitsetiquette.,23,InfluencedbytheideaofConfucius,peopleextremelyvaluethepolitenessandregardmodestyasavirtueinthecommunication.whentheycommunicatewithothers,withapoliteandmodestpattern,theyareoftenconsiderateandunwillingtoannoyothersandtomakeothersfeelembarrassed.,24,要欣赏赞美别人。

林肯说：

人人爱听恭维的话。

恭维别人，不是虚伪。

恭维别人，就是肯定对方的价值。

增强他的信心和勇气便于顺利交流，这是于人于己都有利的好习惯。

他是改良人际关系的催化剂。

学会了赞美别人，你看人的角度都发生了变化，再不会把别人看成豆腐渣了。

事实上，人人都是有你值得学习和肯定的地方的。

Westerncompliments,25,Englishcompliments,西方人有一种习惯，见面除谈天气以外，喜欢向对方说一些恭维话（compliment）,表示赞美、敬意，或只是表示问候，或没话找话的搭讪。

恭维话的范围很广，从人的相貌、服装、首饰，到发型、健康状况，甚至会恭维你佩戴的一只手表、一只钢笔。

有人主张，听到恭维话后，只需简单地回答“Thankyou.”这固然不错，然而在实际生活中，恭维话往往有许多不同情况，因此，回应也不应千篇一律。

顺便说一下，恭维话必须恰到好处，不能过分，否则就变成挖苦了。

26,DifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishCompliments,W:

ItiscommonforamantoinformallygiveawomancomplimentsonherlooksorclothingC:

Itistakenasakindofflirtationifamancomplimentsawoman,27,Chinesepeoplecomplimenteachothermuchlessfrequentlythanwesternersdo.ChinesepeopletrytodrawalinebetweencomplimentandflatteryChinesepeopleinterpretotherspositivecomplimentsasarequestforpossessingsomething.,28,TheSemanticFormula,Englishcompliments:

AdjectivesVerbsThiswasagreatmeal.Youlooksonicetoday.Youdidagoodjob.Ilikeyourhaircut.Iloveyourglasses.Ireallyenjoyedyourclass,29,Chinesecompliments,AdjectivesadverbsverbsYourskirtisverypretty.Thisroomisreallygood.Yourereallyanexperiencedteacher.Youdidthejobverywell.Youtreatpeoplesincerely.Iespeciallylikethecolorofyourblouse.Youdeservebeingpraised.,30,TheSyntacticFormula,NPADJPROVADVOEnglish:

NPis/looksreallyADJ（53%）Yourblouselooksbeautiful.Youaresoefficient.Ireallylike/loveNPIreallylikeyourhardwoodfloors.Thatsreallyabeautifulcar.,31,SyntacticpatternsinEnglishcomplimentThreemajorpatterns（about80%ofallcomplimentscollected）NPbe/look（intensifier）ADJ“Youlookreallynice.”ADJincludes:

nice,good,beautiful,pretty,great,wonderful,lovely（Thisset=2/3ofallADJusedindata）.I（intensifier）like/loveNP“Ireallylikethatskirt.”VERBincludes:

like,love.enjoy,admire,beimpressedbyPRObe（intensifier）（a）ADJNP“Thatsreallyanicecoat.”Formulaic（orconventional）Language:

averylimitedsubsetofEnglishsentencestructureandvocabulary（andtopics）isusedtogivecompliments.,TheSyntacticFormula,32,TopicsAppearanceclothes,hairdo（resultsofdeliberateeffort）Ability（skill）/performanceawell-donejob,askillfullyplayedgame,agoodmealPersonality/friendship“Thatwaskind.”Possessions“Ilikeyournewbike.”,33,Chinese,YouVADVYoudidthejobwell.NPisADJYourcoatisreallybeautiful.PROisADJNPThatsawonderfulwallcalendar.PROVOYoudeservebeinghonored.IlikeNPIlikethispicture.,34,C&E,MoreChinesecomplimentsbeginwith“you”or“your”;whileEnglishcomplimentswith“I”.MoreEnglishcomplimentscontainexaggeratedadjectiveslikegreat,awesome,terrific,gorgeous,fabulous,smart,35,Dontpraisepeople,only,whattheydoMakepraiseasspecificaspossibleAvoidphony（假的）praiseAvoidpraisethatsetsupcompetition,HowToGiveAGoodCompliment,36,A-Accurate:

Thecomplimenthastoaccuratelyrefertowhathashappenedandwhatthepersonhasdone.BBelievable:

Thecomplimentshouldnotbeanexaggerationbutrealistic.CConstructive:

Thecomplimentshouldrefertowhatthepersonwantstoachieveandbeusefulformakingprogress.,37,2）Backupyourcompliment.Dontjuststopat“thatnecklacelooksreallygoodonyou”.Yourcomplimentbecomesstrongerwhenyousaywhyyouthinkso;“thatnecklacelooksreallygoodonyoubecauseitmatchesyoureyes”.,1）Makeyourcomplimentspecific.“Thatnecklacelooksreallygoodonyou”makesabiggerimpactcomparedto“youlookreallygoodtoday”.Themorespecificthebetter,itmakesthepersonfeellikeyounoticethem.,38,3）Askaquestionwithyourcompliment.Andifyouwanttouseitasaco