优质跨文化交际参考资料.docx
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优质跨文化交际参考资料
Unit1
WhyChinaWorks
Exercises
1.Answerthequestionsonthetext:
1）HowdoestheauthorviewtheChineseeconomy?
Itisthemostimportantbrightspotintheworldeconomyundertheglobalrecession,theonlymajoreconomythatislikelytoshowsignificantgrowththisyear,andtheonlyonethatroutinelybreakseveryruleintheeconomictextbook.
2）Accordingtotheauthor,whycantheChineseeconomyperformsowell?
Becauseof:
（1）thecapacityforstatecontrolbytheChinesegovernment.
（2）itsrejectionofexoticfinancialinnovationsthatarethemeltingcoreoftheglobalcreditcrisis.
（3）theintegrationofitseconomicpoliciesbetweentraditionalmarkettoolsandstatecontrolmeasures.
3）Inwhatwaydoestheauthorimplythatwesterneconomistsareerroneousintheirbiastoward“China’smarketeconomicsystem”?
TheUnitedStatesandEuropearemovingtowardstatecontrolbynationalizingtheirbankingandcarindustries,andimposingheavynewregulationonthefinancialindustry.
4）WhatistheviewofStephenRoachontheChineseeconomysystem?
InvestmentisthebackboneofsustainablegrowthintheChineseeconomy,whichworksmoreeffectivelythanothermarketbasedsystemsintimesofeconomicstress.
5）WhycanChinaworkintheeyeoftheauthor?
Ithasfollowedaradicalpragmatismfocusingonaslowbutsteadyshifttowardfreermarkets.
6）WhatisregardedasthestrategicthinkingoftheChineseleadersinmarketreforms?
TheyunderstandevenundertheseriousfinancialcrisisthatitcanstabilizetheChinesemarketandeconomytointroducemoresophisticatedformsofsecuritization,includingstockindexfunds,corporatebondsandotherdebtproducts.Theyalsorealizethat,inthecourseofdoingthis,theyshouldlearnfromthemistakesthewesternershavemade.
7）WhatistheexamplegiventoillustratethesteadinessoftheChineseleadersintheirpolicyexecution?
TheycontinuetoallowthevalueofyuantorisedespiteoftheAmericanchargesandtheneedforexportcompetitivenessbytheirownenterprises.
8）Whatis“shocktherapy”?
ItistheeconomicpolicyadoptedinRussiafrom1991to1992thattotallyderegulatedpricesandleadtoarunawayinflation.Itprovedtobeallshockandnotherapy.
9）InwhatwaysdoestheChineseeconomicsystemworkefficiently?
Itcangetthingsdonequickly,moveinacoherentmanner,andmarshalitspeopleandresourcestoacommontarget:
economicgrowthandprosperity.
11）WhataretheInternetandpublicopinionusedfor?
Forputtingpressureonlocalofficialsandinfluencingpolicydecisions.
2.Fillineachblankofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthephrasesinthelistgivenbelow.Makechangeswhennecessary.
1）Atatimewhentheneedisgrowingformentalhealthservices,manycountriesareunfortunatelycuttingbackonitsspending.
2）Thereisanincreasingnumberofpeopleoutofwork.Butthewesternmediaoftenunfairlylabelthemaslazyandreliable.
3）NowthattheflowofoilhasbeenstoppedbyBP,theimpactofallthespilledoilandnaturalgasisstillbeingmeasured.
4）Onceagainitsabilitytosteereconomicpolicywillbetestedagainsttheabilitytodeliveronservicesandprojectsaimedatgrowingtheeconomyandjobs.
5）Housingpricesareincrediblyhightoday.Butheboughthishouseforasongaboutfiveyearsago.
6）Aspeoplearecomplaininghighprices,especiallythoserelatedtodailynecessities,thegovernmentfeelsratherurgenttoholddowninflationrateimmediately.
7）Undertheneweconomypolicyinvestorsareinvitedtobuyintostate-ownedenterprises.
8）SinceaseriousgunshootingoccurredinArizonalastweek,securityconcernshavetrickleddowntoallplaces,includingresidentialbuildings.
9）Socialunrestisadailyoccurrenceinthecountrynowadays.Itisinthelastplacewhenitcomestoinvestmentformultinationalcompanies.
10）EffortstobansmokinginChinaaresoeffectiveyet.Somechainsmokersneverthinkofquittingwhilemanyothershavebattledinvaintoquit.
3.MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththedefinitionsincolumnB:
A_______________________B__________________________________
1）financialinnovationA）Areductioninthegeneralavailabilityofloans（or
credit）orasuddentighteningoftheconditions
requiredtoobtainaloanfromthebanks.7
2）stimuluspackageB）Anon-bankentityororganizationsuchas
investmentcompaniesandmutualfundsthat
investsinlargequantities.8
3）overheatingC）Alegalentitycreatedbyagovernmenttoundertake
commercialactivitiesonitsbehalf.6
4）stamptaxD）Thetradingofacorporation'sstockorother
securities（e.g.bondsorstockoptions）by
individualswithpotentialaccesstonon-public
information.9
E）Anindustrythatrequireslargeamountsofcapital,machineryandequipmenttoproducegoods.5
5）capital-intensivesectorF）Generationofnewandcreativeapproachesto
securities,moneymanagementorinvesting.1
6）state-runfirmG）Aneconomythatisexpandingsorapidlythattoo
muchmoneyischasingtoofewgoodsand
economistsfearariseininflation.3
7）creditcrisisH）taxleviedoncertainlegaltransactionssuchasthe
transferofapropertysuchasbuilding,copyright,
land,patent,andsecurities.4
8）institutionalinvestorI）Aplanoraseriesofmeasurestakenbya
governmenttojump-startitsailingeconomy,
generallyasapartofitsfiscalpolicy.2
10）insidertrading
4.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.
我们所面临的来自中国的真正挑战并不是他们向我们大量销售的货物，而恰恰相反，是他们正在提升的价值链。
这在将来可能会对美国经济构成最严重的新挑战。
在过去三十年的大部分时间里，中国集中精力建设基础设施，这主要靠廉价的劳动力和勤劳苦干的工人就行了。
但工厂也都现代化、交通世界一流、港口大型化、机场高效化了，而且所有这些都是以人类历史上从未有过的速度和规模完成的。
现在中国又想跨入更高质产品和服务的时代。
这意味着由政府官员确定的经济发展的下一步是要以建设高速网般的决心投资发展人力资本。
自1998年来，中国政府已启动了大规模的教育发展计划，投入的资金按GDP比例计算增加了两倍，在而后的十年，中国的大学增加了一倍，大学生增加了四倍，从1997年的100万增长到2007年的550万。
中国列出了顶级的9所大学为其常青藤大学联盟。
欧洲各大学以及美国的州立大学因受大规模经费削减影响而处于崩溃状态，而中国的大学大发展趋势则恰恰相反。
耶鲁大学校长理查德·雷文在今年年初的一次演讲中指出：
“这次中国大学的扩展是前所未有的，在仅十年的时间里就建起了世界上规模最大的高等教育。
实际上，2000年以来中国大学扩招的大学生人数超过了美国大学招生的总数。
那么这一史无前例的教育投资对中国和美国有何意义呢？
诺贝尔经济学奖得主罗伯特·福格尔预测了训练有素工人的经济影响。
在美国，高中毕业的工人的生产率是只受过9年教育的人的1.8倍，而大学毕业的则要高出两倍。
中国正在大规模地扩大高中和大学生的人数。
尽管目前中国在服务业上仍远远落后他国，但中国企业将会很快进入这一巨大市场。
福格尔相信高技能工人的增多将在今后大大刺激中国的经济增长率，使其GDP在2040年之前达到惊人的123万亿美元。
不管这一难以想象的数字是否准确，但有一点是很清楚的，中国正开始提升其价值链，进入一直来只有西方国家独占的产业和工种，这才是来自中国的真正挑战。
应对这一挑战的最佳和最有效的方法不是威胁和关税，而是深层次的结构改革和大规模的投资，使美国经济重新获得活力，使美国工人再具竞争力。
5.Readthefollowingtextandchoosethebestsentencefromthelist（A-E）belowtofillineachofthegapsinthetext.
1）Itassemblesmoretoys,stitchesmoreshoesandsewsmoregarmentsthananyothernationintheworld.
2）Chinaishometo1.3billionpeopleandhas100citiesofmorethanamillionpeople.
3）Evenat25centsanhour,ChineseworkerscostmorethanlaborersinthepoorercountriesofSoutheastAsiaorAfrica.
4）Indeed,thecountry'sembraceofmarketeconomyoverthelastdecadeandthegovernment'sinsistencethatfarmersfendforthemselvesarecombiningforcestoall.
5）Thatdisparityhassetinmotionthelargesthumanmigrationinhistory.
SupplementaryReading
China:
Thenextbrandingsuperpower?
1.ChinaandtheU.Sdisagree________.
A.whethertheChineseshouldbuymore
B.overwhodominatesthebilateraltrade
C.whetherthevalueofRMBisdeliberatelyhelddown
D.overwhattheChineseconsumersshouldbuy
2.TheAmericansassumethatChinawillremain________sothatitwillcontinuetoimportAmericanhighervalueaddedproductsandservices.
A.amanufacturingsuperpower
B.adevelopingcountry
C.aservice-basedeconomy
D.aregionaleconomicpower
3.Bymovingupthevaluechain,Chinaintendstobecomea________.
A.manufacturinggiant
B.brandingsuperpower
C.competitivenation
D.politicalsuperpower
4.Accordingtotheauthor,theworkofbrandinginChinawoulddependmoreon________.
A.domesticcompanies
B.foreigninvestors
C.thegovernment
D.multinationalcompanies
5.WithbetteraccesstoChinesemarketforforeigncompanies,whatdoChinesepolicymakersfear?
A.Chineseconsumerswillpreferfamousforeignbrands.
B.Chinesebrandsareunabletomoveuptothehighendofthebrandchain.
C.Chinacanalsoaddvaluesthroughmarketinganddistribution.
D.Chinawillhavetospendbillionsbuildingbrands.
6.TheSpaceRatebetweentheU.S.andtheSovietUnionismentionedtoreflect________.
A.militarycompetitionduringthecoldwar
B.theanxietyoftheAmericansinthespacerate
C.nationaleconomicsecurityinChina
D.thenationalanxietyofChinaovertheirbrandcompetitiveness
7.Theauthorbelievesinlessthanacenturytheconsumertrendsintheworldwillbeoverwhelminglydominatedby________.
A.consumerconsciousness
B.competitivemarket
C.suchbrandsasCoca-cola,Google,andToyota
D.Chinesebrands
Unit2
AChangedGlobalReality
Exercises
1.Answerthequestionsonthetext:
1）Whatarethefeaturesofthetwomajoreconomiesthattheworldhasseenformorethan200years?
Onehasdominatedtechnologicalinnovationandtradeandamassedgreatwealth.Thesecond—muchofitpoliticallyunderthethumbofthefirst—hasremainedpoorandtechnologicallydependent.
2）Howmuchdidlow-and-middle-incomecountriescontributetoworldgrowthin2010?
Almosthalf（46%）
3）Takingalongtermview,whyisitgoodnewsthatdevelopingcountriesaregrowingfast?
Asbillionsofpoorpeoplebecomemoreprosperous,theywillbeabletoaffordcomfortstheircounterpartsintherichworldhavelongconsideredthenormalappurtenancesoflife.
4）Whataretheworst-casescenariosthatEuropehassofaravoided?
Acollapseoftheeuro,adebtcrisisthatspillsfromsmalleconomiessuchasGreeceandIrelandtomuchbiggeroneslikeItalyandSpain,andbittersocialunrestinthosenationsthatarehavingtomassage
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