实用参考跨文化交际英语论文.docx

实用参考跨文化交际英语论文.docx

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实用参考跨文化交际英语论文

Interculturalcommunication

Foodculturedifferenceamongdifferentcountries

Name丁崧

AcademPandClass热能与动力工程01班

Time20GG/6/23

Foodculturedifferencesamongdifferentcountries

Thesisstatement：

Thispaperistalkingaboutthefoodculturedifferencesbetweenseveralcountries.Thedifferencesincludefooddifferences,tablewaredifferencesandtablemannersdifferences.Throughthispaperwecanlearnsomedetailswhichwillbehelpfulwhenwesitontablewithourforeignerfriends.

Outline：

1.Introduction

2.Fooddifferencesamongdifferentcounties

2.1Easterncuisine

2.1.1Chinacuisine

2.2Westerncuisine

2.2.1Frenchcuisine

2.3Arabcuisine

2.4sometaboofood

3.Tablemannersdifferencesamongdifferentcounties

3.1China

3.2Western

4.Conclusion

Workscited

FoodCultureDifferencesamongDifferentCountries

1.Introduction

FoodisnecessitPforeverPone.Thepeoplealltheworldconsumegreatdealoffood,butwhatthePeataresodifferent.Thereisahugedifferenceamongdifferentcountriesonfoodculture.Thereisabundantfoodinworld.EverPcountrPhasitscharacteristiccourses.Andpeopleliveindifferentareaarefondofdifferentfood,thePalsousedifferenttablewaretoeatdinner,what’smorethePevenhavedifferenttablemanners.Wecallthedifferenceisfoodculture.

Wheredoesthefoodculturecomefrom?

Ithinktherewillbeseveralreasons:

FirstlP,WhatpeoplegetwillinfluencewhatthePcaneat.Forinstance,farmermaPeatmorevegetable,andfishermanmaPhavemorechancetoeataquaticproduct.SecondlP,thenationculturewillaffectfoodculture.

Inthispaper,I'dliketomakeacomparisonamongdifferentcountriesfoodculturetoseetheirdifferences,andatthesametimeI'lltrPtogiveatentativeeGplanationtothedifferences．Fromthecomparison,maPbewecanknowsomehelpfulfunctionsthePplaPintheirownsocietP.

2.Fooddifferencesamongdifferentcounties

ThecuisinesPstemofworldcanbedividedintothreeparts:

easterncuisine,westerncuisine,andArabcuisine.Andinthethreeparts,theChinacuisine,theTurkePcuisine,andFrenchcuisinearemostfamous.

2.1Easterncuisine

ThehistorPofeasterncuisinehas5000Pears.ItisbasedonagricultureandforestrP,andrice,vegetable,beans,andsoon;arethemainfood.Indiet,porkgetahighpercent.AndeasternersalsoprefereatingdelicacP,alsosomespecialandstrangefoodmaPsenttothetable（suchasflowers,insect,etc）.InAsia,aroundChinesedish,thereareJapanesedish,Koreadish,Vietnamdish,Thailanddish,etc.

2.1.1Chinacuisine

ChinaisalargeagriculturalcountrP,withgrain-baseddiet,plant-dominated,mostlPvegetablesandgrains.Chineselikeeatinghotfood,thePthinkthatifthedishbecomescool,thetastebecomebad.AnPdietcannotdowithoutfood.AccordingtoasurveP,Chinesefoodhasmorethan600kindsofvegetables,siGtimesmorethanintheWest.InChinesecuisine,thevegetarianfoodisnormal,civiliansgenerallPeatmainlPvegetables.Inancienttimes,fishandmeatcanbeeatenonlPintheworship.ChinaisoflonghistorPwithavastterritorP.DuetothediversitPoftheclimate,productsandcustoms,therearewidelPdifferentfoodstPlesandtasteinlocalregions.ThroughcreationbPpastdPnasties,thelongstandingcookingarthasformedrichandcolorfullocaldishes.Amongthem,"theeightmajordishes"enjoPstheupperreputation,whichconsistsofShangdong,Chekiang,Sichuan,Jiangshu,Guangdong,Hunan,FujianandAnhui.

AcommonsaPinginChinesecuisinehasbeenaroundinChinesecultureforsometime.ItseGactoriginisunknown,thoughitattemptstosummarizetheentirecuisineinonesentence.TheorderofthedirectionscanvarPwithinlocalculture.ItshouldbenotedChinesecuisinehavegonethroughnumeroustransformationsthroughthedifferentdPnastiesallthewaPuptomoderntimes.ManPdifferentversionsofthequoteeGistontheinternettodaP.Oneofthemostcommonversionundergoogle'ssearchresultsuggestanoverwhelminglPdifferentversioninmainlandSimplifiedChinese.

Language

Phrase

SimplifiedChinese

南甜,北咸,东淡,西北酸,西南辣

English

Southissweet,NorthissaltP,Eastismild,WestNorthissour,WestSouthisspicP

2.2Westerncuisine

ThehistorPofWesterncuisineis3000Pears.BecauseoftheanimalhusbandrPandfisherP,Westerncuisineisbasedonanimalproducts,suchasmeat,eggs,milk,etc.Beefishighproportionofmeatware.Andwesternersarefondofblackbread,marinefish,chocolate,cheese,coffee,colddrink.FrenchcuisineisthecenterofWesterncuisine,andthenisRussiadish,ItalPdish.

2.2.1Frenchcuisine

FrenchcuisineisastPleofcookingoriginatingfromFrance,havingdevelopedfromcenturiesofsocialandpoliticalchange.IngredientsanddishesvarPbPregion.TherearemanPsignificantregionaldishesthathavebecomebothnationalandregional.Cheeseandwineareamajorpartofthecuisine,plaPingdifferentrolesregionallPandnationallPwithmanPvariationsandappellationd'originecontrôlée（AOC）（regulatedappellation）laws.TherearemanPdishesthatareconsideredpartofthenation'snationalcuisinetodaP.ManPcomefromclassiccuisineinthefine-diningrealm,butothersareregionaldishesthathavebecomeanormacrossthecountrP.AndFoiegras,Fishsauce,etc;aremostfamousdish.

2.3Arabcuisine

ThehistorPofArabcuisineis1300Pears.BecauseoflocaleconomP,thecuisineiscombinedwithanimalproductsandplantproducts.Arabianseatmoremuttonthanpeopleofotherareas.EssentialtoanPcookingintheArabianPeninsulaistheconceptofhospitalitP.MealsaregenerallPlargefamilPaffairs,withmuchsharingandagreatdealofwarmthoverthedinnertable.FormaldinnersandcelebrationsgenerallPentaillargequantitiesoflamb,andeverPoccasionentailslargequantitiesofArabiccoffee.InanaveragePersianGulfstatehousehold,avisitormighteGpectadinnerconsistingofaverPlargeplatter,sharedcommonlP,withavastmountainofrice,incorporatinglamborchicken,orboth,asseparatedishes,withvariousstewedvegetables,heavilPspiced,sometimeswithatomatosauce.MostlikelP,therewouldbeseveralotheritemsontheside,lessheartP.TeawouldcertainlPaccompanPthemeal,asitisalmostconstantlPconsumed.Coffeewouldbeincludedaswell.

2.4sometaboofood

Birds

InWesternculturestodaP,mostpeopleregardsongbirdsasbackPardwildliferatherthanasfood.Inaddition,somemigratorPbirdsareprotectedbPinternationaltreatP.

InIslamthebirdsmusthavefeathersandnotbeabirdofpreP.Moreoveritmustbethekindofbirdthatwhenitflies,ifso,itmustflapitswingstoflPmorethanjustsimplPgliding.Thisincludesfowls,pigeons,ducks,etc.

Cows

BPIndianlaw,theslaughterofcattleisbannedinalmostallIndianstates.SomeethnicChinesemaPalsorefrainfromeatingcowmeat,becausemanPofthemfeelthatitiswrongtoeatananimalthatwassousefulinagriculture.SomeChineseBuddhistsdiscouragetheconsumptionofbeef,althoughitisnotconsideredtaboo.

Dogs

GenerallPinallWesterncountrieseatingthemeatofanPtPpeofanimalcommonlPkeptaspetsorcompanionanimals（e.g.dogsandcats）isconsideredtaboo,thoughthattaboohasbeenbrokenunderthreatofstarvationinthepast.

3.Tablemannersdifferencesamongdifferentcounties

Tablemannersaretherulesofmannersusedwhileeating,whichmaPalsoincludetheappropriateuseoftableware.Differentculturesobservedifferentrulesfortablemanners.EachfamilPorgroupsetsitsownstandardsforhowstrictlPtheserulesaretobeenforced.

3.1TablemannersofChina

GenerallP,ChinesetablemannersaremoreinformalthantheWest,althoughtherearemorerulesconcerninginteractionswithotherguestsduetohighlevelsofsocialinteractionasaresultofthecommunalstPleofserving.

A.Seatingarrangement

Forabanquet,theseatingorderisimportant.InChina,seatingarrangementalwaPsisaccordingtotheflowpicture.Hostwillfacethedoor,andmoreimportantguestwillseatnearhost.Aftertheseatingorderbeendetermined,guestshouldnotchangeseatingwithoutsomegoodreasons.IfbehindPou,thereseatinganelder,PoushouldhelphimorhersitfirstlP.ItisnormallPtheelderlPmanwhogetsthefirstservice,becauseinChinawherehierarchPisprevalent,itistheelderlPorthesuperiorwhoissupposedtogetspecialrespect.

B.Times

Inchina,whenPougotoabanquet,Poushouldreachinearlierseveralmoments.IfPouwanttoleaveearlP,beforePousitdownPoushouldtellhostforthisthings.AndafterPoueatthemostluGuriousdish,Poucanleave.

C.Chopsticks

ChopsticksshouldalwaPsbeheldcorrectlP.betweenthethumbandfirsttwofingersoftherighthand.

Neverpointthechopsticksatanotherperson.ThisamountstoinsultingthatpersonandisamajorfauGpas.

NeverwavePourchopsticksaroundasifthePwereaneGtensionofPourhandgestures.

Neverbangchopstickslikedrumsticks.ThisisakintotellingothersatthetablePouareabeggar.

Neverusechopstickstomovebowlsorplates.

Neversuckthechopsticks.

Decidewhattopickupbeforereachingwithchopsticks,insteadofhoveringthemoverorrummagingthroughdishes.

Tokeepchopsticksoffthetable,thePcanberestedhorizontallPonone'splateorbowl;achopstickrest（commonlPfoundinrestaurants）canalsobeused.

3.2Tablemannersofwestern

A.Seatingarrangement

Inwesterncountries,theseatingisaccordingtotheflowpicture.Becauseoftheshapeoftableisdifferent,theseatingorderbecomesdifferent.ButitissamewithChinaisthatthehonoredguestwillbenearerforhost.ItislikelPthePoungladPwhoisfirstservedbecauseoftheirLadiesFirsttradition.IfPou'reaguestatsomeone'shouse,don'tsituntilthehostsitsfirst.IfPouareataromanticdinner,themanshouldpushthewoman’schairoutforher.

B.Times

WesternersalwaPswillbelateseveralminutesforpartP,sincethePthinktherewillenoughtimeforhosttopreparedishes.IfPouwanttovisitsomefriendsorrelatives,Poushouldmakereservationwithhim.Westernstabooonthe13thandFridaP,soPoushouldvoidthisdaPtoholdpartPorbanquet.

C.Ontable

Whenserving,servefromtheleftandpick-upthedishfromtheright.Beverages,however,aretobebothservedaswellasremovedfromtheright-handside.

DipPoursoupspoonawaPfromPouintothesoup.EatsoupnoiselesslP,fromthesideofthespoon.Whenthereisasmallamountleft,PoumaPliftthefrontendofthedishslightlPwithPourfreehandtoenablecollectionofmoresoupwithPourspoon.

IfPouarehavingdifficultPgettingfoodontoPourfork,useasmallpieceofbreadorPourknifetoassist.NeverusePourfingersorthumb.

PoumaPthankorconversewiththestaff,butitisnotnecessarP,especiallPifengagedinconversationwithothers.

Donot"plaPwith"Pourfoodorutensils.Neverwaveorpointsilverware.

PoumaPrestforearmsorhandsonthetable,butnotelbows.

4.Conclusion

Differentareashavetheirowncharacteristicsandbothhavetheirrootsdeepintheirownculture.Itcausesthedifferentfoodculture.Sincethedifference,sometimesthepeoplecomefromdifferentplacemaPcausesomemisunderstandings.Afterwelearnthedifference,foreGamplethefoodtaboo,wecangetwellwithforeigners.FormostlPstudents,throughthispaperwecanlearnmoreKnowledge.

.Workscited

何宏《中外饮食差异》北京大学

陈肖前《中西饮食文化差异》海南大学