目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译.docx

目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译.docx

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目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译

南阳理工学院本科毕业设计（论文）

目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译

TranslationofEnglishFilmSubtitleundertheGuidanceofSkoposTheory

学院（系）：

外国语学院

专业：

英语

***********

学号：

*********

授课教师（职称）：

张媛媛（讲师）

评阅教师：

完成日期：

2013年1月12日

南阳理工学院

NanyangInstituteofTechnology

目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译

英语专业　崔艳威

［摘　要］随着全球化和电影产业的不断发展，电影，作为世界不同文化交流的重要媒介之一，越来越受到人们的欢迎；然而，对于不同语言、文化背景下的人来说，要看懂一部外语电影则须依赖电影字幕。

高质量的电影字幕，不单单能使受众明白电影的情节，还能使电影的本土文化底蕴保留下来，同时又符合受众的文化背景。

不同于其他主流翻译领域，电影字幕翻译起步较晚，虽然在西方相关学者及从业者的努力下，取得了一些不俗的成就，但总体而言，该领域内仍然缺乏完整的、系统的指导性理论。

在中国电影字幕的翻译起步晚、发展慢、参与的人数少，翻译水平不高、无规范性的组织，这些问题的存在都大大阻碍了我国电影字幕翻译的发展进步。

本文以目的论为指导理论，通过对目的论的主要原则的阐述、电影字幕的特点的分析，将目的论的主要原则转化为适合电影字幕特点的翻译策略，并通过电影实例，将这一指导的实际效果展示给读者，希望对电影字幕翻译的研究有所帮助。

［关键词］目的论；英文电影字幕翻译；翻译

TranslationofEnglishFilmSubtitleundertheGuidanceofSkoposTheory

EnglishMajor　CUIYan-wei

Abstract:

Withthecontinuousdevelopmentoffilmindustry,film,actingasoneoftheimportantcommunicationmediasofworldculture,isgettingmoreandmoreprevalent.However,asfortheaudienceswithdifferentlanguageandbackgroundofculture,understandingaforeignfilmdependsonthefilmsubtitle.Filmsubtitleswithhigherlevelcanenableaudiencesbeclearabouttheplotsandcontentsofafilm,maintainsthespecialtyoflocalcultureinafilm,andadaptstotheaudients’culturebackground.

Comparedwithothermainstreamareasoftranslation,translationoffilmsubtitlegetstostartalittlelater.Thoughtherehavebeensomeimpressiveachievementswithgreateffortsofrelevantscholarsandpractitionersinthewest,systemicandguidingtheoriesinthisareaarestilllacked.Inchina,thetranslationoffilmsubtitleislatedevelopedwithlowqualityoftranslationandstandardizednorms.Duetoallquestionsabove,thedevelopmentandprogressoffilmtranslationinChinaisdeeplyblocked.

Theintentionofthisthesisis,basedontheSkoposTheory,totrytoturnthemainprinciplesoftheSkoposTheoryintothetranslationstrategieswhichsuitforthecharacteristicsoffilmsubtitlethroughexpoundingthemainprinciplesofkoposTheoryandtheanalysisofthecharacteristicsoffilmsubtitle.ThethesisalsoquotesmanyfilmexamplestoillustratethepracticaleffectivenessundertheguidanceofkoposTheoryduringthetranslation,whichhopestobehelpfultothetranslationoffilmsubtitle.

Keywords:

SkoposTheory;filmsubtitle;translation

Contents

Introduction

TheearliestfilmwasinventedbytheLumie’rebrothers.（韩丹,2010:

1）[1]December28th1895,theyforthefirsttimepubliclydisplayedtheirfilmsExitingtheFactory,ArrivalofATrainetc.atacafeshopinpairs.itdeclaredthebirthofthefilmtotheworld.Attheearlystage,filmswereshort（durationlastedfrom4to40minutes）andsilentandhadsomelanguagetextsinsertedbetweenthefilmimagestohelpaudiencetounderstandtheplot,whichcouldberegardedastheearlyfilmsubtitle.Fromthenon,thetranslationoffilmsubtitlehasbeenstarted.Thatkindoftranslationisobviouslysimpleandprimary;however,itwastheearliestpracticeoftranslationoffilmsubtitle.

Filmindustryhasshoweditsvigorouslifesincethefirstfilmwasdisplayed.Astheengineofthefilmindustryintheworld,Hollywood’soutstandingachievementsarethebestexampleofthewholeindustry.Accordingtostatistics,Hollywoodfilmstooknearly75%ofthefilmmarketshareinchina,inthe1930sand1940s.Undertheeffectofforeignfilmindustry,in1905,RenjingtaiandLiuzhonglunproducedthefilmdingjunshan（定军山）anddisplayeditpubliclyandfreely,whichmarkedthebirthofthefirstfilmofchin.Fromthenon,thedevelopmentofChina’sfilmindustryfounditswaygradually.

AftertheestablishmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,especiallyafterthereformandopening-uppolicy,Chinabegantointroduceforeignfilmintodomesticmarketwithlargescale.WatchingforeignfilmsbecameanimportantwayforChinesetounderstandforeigncountry’slocalconditions,acquireinformation,andentertainthemselves.Duetotheincreasingdemandandlargequantityofannualforeignfilmproduction,therewerevastforeignfilmsneedtobetranslated.Underthiscircumstance,comparedwiththepreviouswayofdubbing,asacomparativelyinexpensiveandefficientwayoflanguagetransfer,filmsubtitletranslationbecamemoreandmorepopularinChina,becausetheaudiencedidnothavetowaitlongtimefordubbedfilmversions.Atthesametime,amongviewerstherewasagrowingdemandforauthenticitythatwenthandinhandwithabetterknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandculturesinprograms.Furthermore,translationoffilmsubtitlemetsuchatendencythatmoreandmoreChinesebegintolearnEnglish.ThefilmwithsubtitleinbothEnglishandChinesebecametheirlearningmaterials.Lastbutnottheleast,withthedevelopmentandwidespreadingofinternet,theaudiencecouldgettheirfilmsfromtheinternetbesidestheater.Therealsocameoutsomeorganizationsengagedintranslationoffilmsubtitle,suchasUUbird,RenRenetc.Allabovehavemakecontributionstothedevelopmentoftranslationoffilmsubtitle.

ThisthesisfocusesontheaspectofSkoposTheorytostudythetranslationofEnglishfilmsubtitle.ThecharacteristicsoffilmsubtitlehavenativelyassociativepropertywiththecontentandprinciplesofSkoposTheory.Hence,thistheoryhaspracticalguidingfunctionintheprocessoftranslationoffilmsubtitle.ByanalyzingthecontentofSkoposTheory,translatorcouldfindtheoreticalfoundationandpracticalguidance,whichcanbeusedintranslationprocess.ItmaybehelpfultoimprovethepresentsituationoftranslationoftheEnglishfilmsubtitleandmakethetranslationindustrymoresystemic.AnotheradvantageofSkoposTheoryisthatitcanmaintainandshowthelocalcultureoffilmsclearlyaswellasbeunderstoodeasilybytheaudienceaftertranslation,bywhichChinesepeoplecouldgettoknowmoreforeignculturethroughEnglishfilm.Thisthesiswillquotemanyfilmlines,whichwouldbeanalyzedbasedonSkoposTheory.Thereforereadersmayunderstandthemajorideamorecomfortably.

Thethesisconsistsoffivechapters:

Chapter1providesanintroductiontothebackgroundinwhichthepresentstudyiscarried.Chapter2analyzesthecharacteristicsandfunctionsoffilmsubtitle.Chapter3reviewsthecontentsanddevelopmentofSkoposTheoryandthenputsforwardthestrategiesofsubtitletranslationundersuchtheory.Chapter5isaconclusionwhichsummarizesthewholethesisandbringsforwardsuggestiononthefieldoftranslationoffilmsubtitle.

Chapter1CharacteristicsandFunctionsofEnglishFilmSubtitle

Thoughwearequitefamiliarwithfilmsubtitle,fewpeoplecangiveoutspecificanswerwhenaskedthedetailedcharacteristicsandfunctionsoffilmsubtitle.Itisofimportancetohaveaclearunderstandingaboutthecharacteristicsandfunctionsoffilmsubtitlewhenwestudyingthetranslationoffilmsubtitle.Hence,thispartwilldiscusstheseissues.

1.1Definitionoffilmsubtitle

Filmsubtitleisaprintedstatementorfragmentofdialogueappearingonthescreenbetweenthesensesofasilentmotionorappearingastranslationatthebottomofthescreenduringscenesofamotionpictureortelevisionshowinaforeignlanguage.AccordingtoDictionaryofFilmArt,（电影艺术词典（修订版）2005:

220）[2]filmsubtitleisthegeneraltermofChineseandforeignwordsappearingonthescreenastheformofallkindsofchirography,printhand,embossment,cartoonetc,suchasfilmtitle,cast,libretto,translation,dialogue,explanation,introductionofroles,placename,dateandsoon.Deignofthechirography,writing,wordssize,layout,compositionalsketchareallthefactorsthataffectthewholemodelofafilm

Accordingtotargetlanguage,filmsubtitlecouldbedividedintoparalleltypeandcrossedtype.Theformerisusedwithinasamelanguage;thelatterisusedbetweendifferentlanguages.

1.2CharacteristicsofEnglishfilmsubtitle

Filmsubtitlehasitsowncharacteristics,itwillbeimpossibleforatranslatortofinishtranslatingsuccessfullyifhedoesnotnoticethispoint.Filmsubtitlehasthefollowingfeatureswhichgiverisetothespecialrequirementsforfilmsubtitletranslation

1.2.1Instantaneousness

Unlikebooksornewspaperswhichthereaderscanrepeatwhentheyfindsomethingdifficulttounderstand,orsomethinginteresting,filmsubtitlejustlastforverysecondsonthescreenandthennextpicturewillcomeout.Ifaudiencedoesnotunderstandthetitle,whathecandoistocontinuethisprocessbutreturnthemback.ItisothercasethatyouwatchfilmathomeonCDplayerorthroughinternet,youcanrepeatitwheneverandwhereveryouwouldlike.Butobviously,itisboringtowatchafilminthatway.Hence,herecomesarequirementthattranslatorsmustensurethataudiencescouldunderstandthetranslatedfilmsubtitleimmediatelywhentheyseethefilmpictureorlistentothedialogueswithoutthinkingtoomuchofthemeaningofthedialogue.

1.2.2Popularization

Asweallknow,filmisconsumedbythepublic,itsaudiencesarethecommonpeople.Therefore,thelanguageusedinfilmmusttargetatcommonpeople,inotherword,ifonefilmwanttobeunderstoodbythemassaudience,itmustusepopularwordsandexpression.Sometimes,afilmmayinvolvesinaspecializedoracademictopicaswellassomethinglocalwhichareunfamiliarforthecommonpeoplewithoutprofessionalknowledge,inthiscase,translatorshouldusesimpleandunderstandablesubtitletomaketheaudienceacceptthefilm.JustasprofessorZhangChunbaisaid:

Mostcases，thetranslatormustseetoitthatthetranslateddialoguearecomprehensibl