考研英语二真题及答案.docx
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考研英语二真题及答案
2015考研英语二真题及答案
D
rejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as“weird.”Wefearwe’llbe7.Wefearwe’llbedisruptive.
Strangersareinherently8tous,sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisuneasiness,we10toourphones.“Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,”Wortmannsays.“Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11.”
Butonceweripoffthebandaid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,itdoesn’t12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:
Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14.“WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,”TheNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn’texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,“notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeenembarrassed.”
18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosewithoutcommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.It’sthat20:
Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.
1.A.ticketB.permitC.signalD.record
2.A.nothingB.littleC.anotherD.much
3.A.beatenB.guidedC.pluggedD.brought
4.A.messageB.codeC.noticeD.sign
5.A.underB.beyondC.behindD.from
6.A.misinterpretedB.misappliedC.misadjustedD.mismatched
7.A.firedB.judgedC.replacedD.delayed
8.A.unreasonableB.ungratefulC.unconventionalD.unfamiliar
9.A.comfortableB.anxiousC.confidentD.angry
10.A.attendB.pointC.takeD.turn
11.A.dangerousB.mysteriousC.violentD.boring
12.A.hurtB.resistC.bendD.decay
13.A.lectureB.conversationC.debateD.negotiation
14.A.traineesB.employeesC.researchersD.passengers
15.A.revealB.chooseC.predictD.design
16.A.voyageB.flightC.walkD.ride
17.A.wentthroughB.didawayC.caughtupD.putup
18.A.InturnB.InparticularC.InfactD.Inconsequence
19.A.unlessB.sinceC.ifD.whereas
20.A.funnyB.simpleC.logicalD.rare
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople’scortisol,whichisastressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.
“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,”writesoneoftheresearchers,SarahDamaske.Infactwomensaytheyfeelbetteratwork.Shenotes.“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.
Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthey’reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.
Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobedoing:
working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure.Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.
Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues—yourfamily—havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.
Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome____.
A.wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxationB.generatedmorestressthantheworkplace
C.wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurementD.offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace
22.AccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?
A.Workingmothers.B.Childlesshusbands.
C.Childlesswives.D.Workingfathers.
23.Theblurringofworkingwomen’srolesreferstothefactthat____.
A.theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives
B.theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback
C.thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind
D.itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice
24.Theword“moola”(Line4,Para4)mostprobablymeans____.
A.energyB.skillsC.earningsD.nutrition
25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat____.
A.homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment
B.divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut
C.householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating
D.familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded
Text2
Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents—thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree—lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”anachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.
Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.
Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.
Theirthesis—thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact—wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.
Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.“BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslackinsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudents‘likethem’canimprove.”
26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas____.
A.reducedtheirdropoutratesB.narrowedtheachievementgap
C.misseditsoriginalpurposeD.depressedcollegestudents
27.Theauthorsoftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause____.
A.theproblemissolvableB.theirapproachiscostless
C.therecruitingratehasincreasedD.theirfindingappealtostudents
28.Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents____.
A.studyatprivateuniversitiesB.arefromsingle-parentfamilies
C.areinneedoffinancialsupportD.havefailedtheircollege
29.Theauthorsofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents____.
A.areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap
B.canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents
C.maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects
D.areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege
30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat____.
A.universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-class
B.studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources
C.socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences
D.collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion
Text3
Evenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brained