考研英语二真题及答案.docx

考研英语二真题及答案.docx

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考研英语二真题及答案

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语

（二）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionsofsuchasocietyhavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,”onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming?

Althoughemoneymightbemoreconvenientandmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float”—ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuersaccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.

Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelsesaccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldataonbuyinghabits.Thereareworriesthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.

1.［A］However

［B］Moreover

［C］Therefore

［D］Otherwise

2.［A］off

［B］back

［C］over

［D］around

3.［A］power

［B］concept

［C］history

［D］role

4.［A］reward

［B］resist

［C］resume

［D］reverse

5.［A］silent

［B］sudden

［C］slow

［D］steady

6.［A］for

［B］against

［C］with

［D］on

7.［A］imaginative

［B］expensive

［C］sensitive

［D］productive

8.［A］similar

［B］original

［C］temporary

［D］dominant

9.［A］collect

［B］provide

［C］copy

［D］print

10.［A］giveup

［B］takeover

［C］bringback

［D］passdown

11.［A］before

［B］after

［C］since

［D］when

12.［A］kept

［B］borrowed

［C］released

［D］withdrawn

13.［A］Unless

［B］Until

［C］Because

［D］Though

14.［A］hide

［B］express

［C］raise

［D］ease

15.［A］analyzed

［B］shared

［C］stored

［D］displayed

16.［A］unsafe

［B］unnatural

［C］uncommon

［D］unclear

17.［A］steal

［B］choose

［C］benefit

［D］return

18.［A］consideration

［B］prevention

［C］manipulation

［D］justification

19.［A］copewith

［B］fightagainst

［C］adaptto

［D］callfor

20.［A］chunk

［B］chip

［C］path

［D］trail

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica,”theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:

Theaveragemillhasonlytwoemployeestoday,“amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”

Davidsonsarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddleclassincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.

Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob，couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwontearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcantwhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.

Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Buttheresbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,“Inthe10yearsendingin2009,［U.S.］factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs—about6millionintotal—disappeared.”

Therewillalwaysbechanged—newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.

Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstoposthighschooleducation.

21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate.

［A］theimpactoftechnologicaladvances

［B］thealleviationofjobpressure

［C］theshrinkageoftextilemills

［D］thedeclineofmiddleclassincomes

22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto.

［A］workoncheapsoftware

［B］askforamoderatesalary

［C］adoptanaveragelifestyle

［D］contributesomethingunique

23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat.

［A］gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased

［B］jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed

［C］factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore

［D］newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered

24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis.

［A］toacceleratetheI.T.revolution

［B］toensuremoreeducationforpeople

［C］toadvanceeconomicglobalization

［D］topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

［A］NewLawTakesEffect

［B］TechnologyGoesCheap

［C］AverageIsOver

［D］RecessionIsBad

Text2

Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandgohome.Between1908and1915,about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.

Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:

legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasalienstobekickedout.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedontneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.

Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealthcareaidesandphysicistsareamongtodaysbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.

Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.

Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes,includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.

26.“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho.

［A］immigrateacrosstheAtlantic

［B］leavetheirhomecountriesforgood

［C］stayinaforeigncountrytemporarily

［D］findpermanentjobsoverseas

27.ItisimpliedinParagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheU.S..

［A］needsnewimmigrantcategories

［B］hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants

［C］shouldbeadaptedtomeetchallenges

［D］hasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeans

28.Accordingtotheauthor,todaysbirdsofpassagewant.

［A］financialincentives

［B］aglobalrecognition

［C］opportunitiestogetregularjobs

［D］thefreedomtostayandleave

29.Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated.

［A］asfaithfulpartners

［B］witheconomicfavors

［C］withlegaltolerance

［D］asmightyrivals

30.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

［A］ComeandGo:

BigMistake

［B］LivingandThriving:

GreatRisk

［C］LegalorIllegal:

BigMistake

［D］WithorWithout:

GreatRisk

Text3

Scientistshav