上教版必修三讲义上教英语第三册U3.docx
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上教版必修三讲义上教英语第三册U3
Unit3
Thewayweare
Objectives
A.Readingandinteraction
Interpretthesocioculturalmeaningofbeautypracticesindifferentplaces
B.Grammaractivity
Usetheto-infinitiveformodificationcorrectlyinthegivencontext
C.Listeningandspeaking
Analysethefactorsthatmakepeoplestreetwise
D.Writing
Writeareplyinanadvicecolumnusingappropriatelanguageandformat
E.Culturalfocus
UnderstanddifferentculturalaspectsofMiaoclothingandjewellery
RetellthestoryofasmallfashionboutiqueinLondon
Pre-readingactivity
1.Peopledodifferentthingstomakethemselveslookmoreattractive.Haveyouevertriedthefollowingthings?
Whyorwhynot?
wearingmake-up
dieting
havingmedicaloperations
takingphysicalexercise
wearingrings/earnings
others:
2.Workinpairs.Talkaboutpeoplethatyouthinkareattractiveandfindoutwhatcharacteristicstheyshare.Doyousharecommonideasforjudgingbeauty?
Whatarethey?
Idealbeauty
NigerianteenagerHappinessEdemhadjustoneaiminlife:
toputonweight.Soshespentsixmonthsina“fatteningroom”whereherdailyroutinewastosleep,eatandgrowfat.Shewentinweighing60kg,butcameoutweighingtwicethat.InsomepartsofAfrica,beingfatisdesirablebecauseitisasignofattractivenessinwomenandpowerandwealthinmen.However,inmagazinesandinthemediawearebombardedwithimagesofslimwomenwithafaircomplexionandhandsome,broad-shoulderedyoungmen.Itisfairlyraretoseeshort-sighted,middle-agedmodels.Somepeoplequestiontheseshallowbeautyideals.Isoneideaofphysicalbeautyreallymoreattractivethananother?
Ideasaboutphysicalbeautychangeovertimeanddifferentperiodsofhistoryrevealdifferentviewsofbeauty,particularlyofwomen.Egyptianpaintsoftenshowslimdark-hairedwomenasthenormalpractice,whileoneoftheearliestrepresentationsofwomeninartisanoverweightfemale.ThisistheVenusofHohleFelsanditismorethan35,000yearsold.Intheearly1600s,artistslikePeterPaulRubensalsopaintedplump,pale-skinnedwomenwhowerethoughttobethemoststunningexamplesoffemalebeautyatthattime.InElizabethanEngland,paleskinwasstillfashionablebecauseitwasasignofwealth:
themake-upusedtoachievethislookwasexpensive,soonlyrichpeoplecouldaffordit.Withindifferentculturesaroundtheworld,thereisahugedifferenceinwhatisconsideredbeautiful.Traditionalcustoms,liketattooing,head-shaving,piercingorotherkindsofbodilychangescanexpresssocialposition,identityorvalues.InBorneo,forinstance,tattoosarelikeadiarybecausetheyareawrittenrecordofalltheimportanteventsandplacesamanhasexperiencedinhislife.ForNewZealand’sMaoristheyreflecttheperson’spositioninsociety.Westernsocietyusedtohaveaverylowopinionoftattoos.Todaytheyareconsideredapopularformofbodyartamongthenewgeneration.
ForEuropeans,thetraditionofusingmetalringstostretchagirl’sneckmaybeshocking,buttheMyanmarpeopleconsiderwomenwithlongandthinnecksmoreelegant.InIndonesia,thecustomofsharpeninggirls’teethtopointsmightseemveryoddwhileitisperfectlyacceptableinotherplacestostraightenchildren’steethwithbraces.Wearingringsinthenoseorplasticsurgerymightbeseenasuglyandunattractivebysomecultures,butitiscommonplaceinmanyothers.
Itappearsthatthroughtheagesandacrossdifferentcultures,peoplehavealwayschangedtheirbodiesandfacesforawidevarietyofreasons:
sometimestohelpthemlookmorebeautiful,andsometimestoenablethemtoshowsocialpositionordisplaygroupidentity.Whetheritiswearingmake-upordecoratingthebodywithtattoos,ringsandpiercings,differentculturesviewthesethingswithdifferenteyes.Doesthismeanthatweareallbeautifulinourownway?
【参考译文】
理想的美
尼日利亚少年HappinessEdem的人生目标只有一个，那就是增肥。
因此，她在一个“增肥室”里度过了6个月，在那里，她的日常生活就是睡觉、吃饭和长胖。
她进去时重60公斤，出来时重两倍。
在非洲的一些地方，肥胖是可取的，因为这是女性魅力的象征，也是男性权力和财富的象征。
然而，在杂志和媒体上，我们总是被身材苗条、肤色白皙的女性和英俊、宽阔肩膀的年轻男性的形象狂轰滥炸。
近视的中年模特是相当罕见的。
有些人质疑这些肤浅的美丽理想。
一种外在美的观念真的比另一种更有吸引力吗?
人体美的观念是随着时间的推移而变化的，不同的历史时期反映出不同的审美观念，尤其是女性的审美观念。
埃及人通常在绘画中画出苗条的黑头发女性，而在艺术中最早的女性形象是肥胖的女性。
这是费尔斯洞的金星，它已经有35000多年的历史了。
在17世纪早期，像彼得·保罗·鲁本斯（PeterPaulRubens）这样的艺术家也画过体态丰满、皮肤白皙的女性，这些女性被认为是当时最令人惊叹的女性美。
在伊丽莎白时代的英国，白皙的皮肤仍然很流行，因为它是财富的象征:
用来达到这种效果的化妆品很昂贵，所以只有富人才能买得起。
在世界各地不同的文化中，美丽的定义有着巨大的差异。
传统习俗，如纹身、剃头、穿孔或其他身体变化可以表达社会地位、身份或价值观。
例如，在婆罗洲，纹身就像一本日记，因为纹身是一个人一生中经历的所有重要事件和地点的书面记录。
对于新西兰的毛利人来说，它们反映了一个人在社会中的地位。
西方社会过去对纹身的评价很低。
今天，它们被认为是新一代人体艺术的一种流行形式。
对于欧洲人来说，用金属环来拉伸女孩脖子的传统可能令人震惊，但缅甸人认为长颈细颈的女性更优雅。
在印度尼西亚，把女孩的牙齿磨尖的习俗可能看起来很奇怪，而在其他地方用牙套矫正孩子的牙齿是完全可以接受的。
在某些文化中，戴鼻环或整容手术可能会被视为丑陋和没有吸引力，但在其他许多文化中，这是很常见的。
似乎在不同的年代和不同的文化中，人们总是因为各种各样的原因改变他们的身体和脸:
有时是为了让他们看起来更漂亮，有时是为了让他们显示社会地位或显示群体身份。
无论是化妆还是纹身、戒指和穿孔，不同的文化用不同的眼光看待这些事情。
这是否意味着我们都以自己的方式美丽?
Comprehensionwork
1.Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.
（1）WhatdidHappinessEdemwanttodo?
（2）Whatkindofimagesofbeautydothemediapromote?
（3）WhydopeopleinBorneoandNewZealandhavetattoosontheirbodies?
（4）WhatbeautypracticesinMyanmarmightEuropeansfindunacceptable?
（5）Whydopeopleofdifferentagesandculturestrytochangethewaytheylook?
（6）Whatconclusiondoesthewriterdrawaboutthestandardsofbeauty?
2.Readthesummarybelowandfillineachblankwithasuitablewordbasedonthelanguageofthepassage.Youmaychangetheformifnecessary.
Thepassageshowsthatviewsofbeautyhavevariedacrosssocietiesand.Nowadays,manypeopleacrosstheworldwanttoloseweightbecausetheyaresurroundedwithimagesof
models.HoweverinpartsofAfrica,beingfatisconsideredasasignof
inwomenandinmen,sopeopleworkhardtogetthebodyshape.
Itisthecultureinwhichwelivethatdeterminesourbeautystandardsforbothsexes.Whatisconsideredasanormalpracticeinoneculturemaybeviewedasinanother.Forexample,peopleinpartsofMyanmarthinkthatthelongergirls’necksare,themore
theylook.Itiscommonforgirlstohavetheirneckswithmetalrings,whichmaybeshockingtopeoplefromothercountries.Tattoosareanotherexampleofthis.Insomecultures,theyareseenasasignofsocialpositionandgroup;inothercultures,peoplehavealowopinionofthem.
Tosummarize,whethertobeautyorshowsocialposition,peopleofallagesindifferentcultureshavefounddifferentreasonsforchangingtheirbodiesandfaces.
Deepreading
1.Studythesentencesaboutdifferentconceptsofbeauty.Discussthefollowingquestionsinpairsandcompletethetable.Youmayusetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.
InsomepartsofAfrica,beingfatisdesirablebecauseitisasignofattractivenessinwomenandpowerandwealthinmen.
Guidingquestions:
Is“fat”apositivewordoranegativewordinthecontext?
Why?
WhatdopeopleinpartsofAfricathinkoffatwomenormen?
Youmayaskandrespondlikethis:
A:
Whatdoyouthinkoftheword“fat”here?
Isitpositiveornegative?
B:
Though“fat”isoftenusedasanegativeadjective,inthiscontext,itisnot.Asyoucanseefromthesentence,“beingfatinsomepartsofAfrica”isdescribedasattractiveanddesirable.
A:
That’swhatIthinktoo.
（1）Inmagazinesandinthemediawearebombardedwithimagesofslimwomenwithafaircomplexionandhandsome,broad-shoulderedyoungmen.
Guidingquestion:
Byusingtheword“bombard”,whatdoesthewriterimplyabouttheimagesofmenandwomeninthemedia?
Myunderstanding:
（2）Itisfairlyraretoseeshort-sighted,middle-agedmodels.
Guidingquestion:
Whydoesthewritermentionthisimmediatelyafterdescribingthetypesofimagesweseeinmagazinesandinthemedia?
Myunderstanding:
（3）Westernsocietyusedtohaveaverylowopinionoftattoos.
Guidingquestion:
Whydoesthewriteruse“usedto”here?
Whatisimplied?
Myunderstanding:
（4）Doesthemeanthatweareallbeautifulinourownway?
Guidingquestion:
Thewriterusesaquestiontoendthepassage.Wouldthestatement“Ithinkweareallbeautifulinourownway”beabetterending?
Whyorwhynot?
Myunderstanding:
2.Workinpairsanddiscussthequestion.
Lookatthefactorsbelow.Howwouldtheyinfluenceourviewsonbeauty?
Giveatleastoneexampleforeachofthesefactors.
·age
·gender
·socialtrends
·occupation
·socialclass
·socialenvironment
Mini-project
Votingforacampusambassador
TheStudents’Unionislaunchingavotingcampaignforacampusambassador.Youarerequiredtorecommendastudentinyourclassasacandidate.
·Discussthequestionsbelowingroups.
Whowouldyouliketorecommend?
Whatdoyouthinktherequirementsforacampusambassadorare?
Doyouprefertoconsiderinternalcharacteristicssuchascharacter,personalityorsocialskills,orexternalcharacteristicssuchasappearanceorclothes?
·Shareideaswithinyourgroup.
·Selectonepersontoreportonbehalfofyourgroup.
IwouldliketovoteforLiPing.Iprefertoconsiderherinternalcharacteristicsfirstandthenherexternalcharacteristics.LiPingmeetsalltherequirementsforacampusambassador.Firstofall,shehasagoodpersonality.Sheissociableandkind,andsheneverhesitatestopraiseothersfortheirachievements.Sheisalsohelpfulandhard-working.It’salwaysarelieftohaveheronmyteam.Furthermore,sheiselegantlydressedandalwaysgivesagoodimpression.Inshort,IthinkLiPingwouldmakeanexcellentcampusambassador.
Focusonlanguage
1.Readthepassageagain.Findsomelanguagepointsinthepassageandlistthemintheblanks.
Compoundadjectivesfordescribingappearances（e.g.broad-shouldered）
2.Completethepassagewiththesuitablewordsbelow.
·broad-shouldered
·overweight
·pale-skinned
·middle-aged
·dressed
·stunning
·fashionable
·short-sighted
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