状语从句.docx

状语从句.docx

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状语从句

状语从句

1．定义

状语的定义及功能

英语中,修饰动词,形容词,副词等的句子成分叫状语.

状语说明地点,时间,原因,目的,结果,条件,方式,方向,程度和伴随状况等.

什么词可以作状语

形容词Igothome,tiredandthirsty.

副词Herunsslowly.

数词Themeetinglastedfortwohours.

介词短语ImetTominthestreet.

不定式（可以是目的状语,原因状语或结果状语）

Icameheretoseeyou.

现在分词Theycameoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.

过去分词Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thehousesbeneathareverysmall.

从句Hewillcomebacknextweekwhentheopeningceremonybegins.

Whenfacingdifficulties,weshouldkeepcalm.

IknowhowtolightacampfirebecauseIhaddoneitbefore.

状语从句定义

指句子用作状语从句时,起副词作用的句子.

根据作用分为九类状语从句

时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,

条件状语,目的状语,结果状语

比较状语,方式状语,让步状语,+伴随状语

从句位置

从句位于句首或句中时通常用“，”与主句隔开,位于句尾时不用.

2．时间状语从句

定义

在句子中起时间状语作用的句子.可放句首,句中,句尾.

常用引导词

when,as,while（当...时候,每当）

Since,,until/till,not...until（自从,或直到）

before,after（在...之前/后）

特殊引导词

assoonas,immediately,directly,themoment（that）,theminute（that）,thesecond,

theinstant,instantly,once,nosooner...than,hardly...when,scarcely...when.（一...就...）

例句:

Hemadeforthedoordirectlyheheardtheknock.

Eachtime,everytime,,anytime（前无冠词）

（the）nexttime,（the）lasttime,bythetime（冠词可以省略）

thefirsttime（冠词不可省）（上次,下次,每次）

例句:

Eachtimehecametomycity,hewouldcallonme.

theday,thetime,thefirst（second）time,thespring（summer,autumn，winter）

例句:

Hismotherdiedthespringhereturned.

例句

Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadultwhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.

Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard,themomenttheysawtheguard.

NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.

EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.

引导词

作用

例句

when

可与延续性和短暂性动词连用.

Sorry,Iwasoutwhenyoucalledme.（call为短暂性动词）

when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前,之后或同时发生.

Whenhehadfinishedhishomework,hetookashortrest.（finish先发生）

WhenIgottotheairport,theguestshadleft.（gotto后发生）

在将来时从句中,常用when,且从句需用一般时代替将来时.

（主将从现）

YoushallborrowthebookwhenIhavefinishedreadingit.

Whenthemanagercomeshereforavisitnextweek,I’lltalkwithhimaboutthis.

when用于表示“一...就...”的句型中（指过去的事）

Sbhadhardly/scarcelydonesth....when

=Hardly/Scarcelyhadsbdonesth...when

Ihadhardly/scarcelyclosedmyeyeswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.=Hardly/scarcelyhadIclosedmyeyeswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.

Bedoing...when

Beabouttodo...when

Hadjustdone...when

Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.

Wewereabouttogoout/onthepointofgoingoutwhenitsuddenlybegantorainheavily.

Hehadjustfinishedhisworkwhentheclockstruck12.

as

只和延续性动词连用.

Thestudenttooknotesastheylistened.（listen为延续性动词）

as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生.

ShecameupasI

wascooking.（同时）

Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.（几乎同时）

主从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用as,这时as表示“随着...”“一边...一边...”

Asthetimewenton,theweathergotworse.（随着）

Theatmospheregetsthinnerandthinnerastheheightincreases.（随着）

Asyearstoby,Chinaisgettingstrongerandricher.（随着）

Thelittlegirlssangastheywent.（一边...一边...）

Thesadmothersatontheroadside,shoutingasshewascrying.（一边...一边...）

while

只和延续性动词连用.

Strikewhiletheironishot.（is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态）

while从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生.

Whileheiswritingonhistextbook,Iameatinganapple.（同时发生）

表示转折

Youliketennis,whileI’dratherread.（然而）

主句和从句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,三者都可以使用

When/While/Aswearedancing,astrangercamein.（dance是延续性动词）

When/While/Asshewasmakingaphonecall,Iwaswritingaletter.（make为延续性动词）

since

1.接时间点/一段时间+ago.谓语动词用现在完成时,而且为延续性动词.

Ihavestayedinthatcountrysince1995

Theyhavelivedinthathousesincetwoyearago.

2.接时间状语从句.主句用现在完成时,且为延续性动词;从句用一般过去时,且为终止性动词.

IhavelovedhersinceImetherlasttime.

Lilyhasstayedathomesincesheleftschool.

3.句型It’s/Ithasbeen+一段时间+since+时间状语从句.译为“自从...以来,已经...（时间）了”

It’s/hasbeenthreemonthssincehemovedtothiscity.

4.句型“一段时间+haspassedsince+时间状语从句”译为“自从...以来,（时间）已经过去了”.主句用现在完成时,且动词须是haspassed；从句用一般过去时,而且是终止性动词.

注意：

当since用于否定句时,主句谓语动词可以是终止性动词.

Threemonthshaspassedsincehemovedtohiscity.

Hehasn’tseenthefilmsincelastmonth.

5.相关词组：

“从那时起”eversince，sincethen,fromthenon.

另外,还可在since后接句子.since前加ever,只是加重语气而已.如IhavegivenupsmokingeversinceIcaughtabadcough.

eversince作为一个词组,放句尾可单独使用,如Ihavegivenupsmokingeversince.

6.since还可以引导原因状语从句,译为“由于,因为”相当于because.

Sincehewaslazy,hedidn’tfinishhishomework.

Till

until

Not...

until

till表示肯定.until表示否定.until一般和not连用,以not...until为句式,而till一般单独使用.

Iwillbeheretillhecomesback.

Iwon’tleavehereuntilhecomesback.

before

1.在...之前

2.趁......

3.常与情态动词连用表示

尚未来得及......

4.要...先...

1.Mr.Brownhadworkedinabankforayearbeforehecamehere.

2.Youshoulddoitbeforeitistoolate.

3.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.

4.Youshouldbeapupilbeforeyoubecomeateacher.

常用before句型（将来时和过去时）

It+be+时间段+before在...之后才...句型的变形.

Itwillbelongbefore+从句（一般现在时）要过多久才......

Itwon’tbelongbefore+从句（一般现在时）“不久...就会...”

Itwaslongbefore...（过了很久才......）

Itwasnotlongbefore...（过去）没过多久就...

注意：

long这个抽象的时间可以改为years,weeks,days等.

注意longbefore（很久以前）和beforelong（不久）的区别.

ItwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnsfromEngland.

Itwon’tbelongbeforeherecoversfromtheinjury.

Itwas3yearsbeforeheregainedthelovefromhisparents.

Itwasn’tlongbeforethewholenationroseuptodrivetheenemyoutoftheircountry.

Ihadworkedherelongbeforeyoucamehere.ButIshallleaveforEnglandbeforelong.

after

在...之后

Helefttheclassroomafterhehadfinishedhishomework.

nosooner...than,

hardly...when,

scarcely...when

作为引导词的时候,从句要部分倒装

Wehadhardlygot/Hardlyhadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.

Nosoonerhadhearrived/Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanshestartedcomplaining.

【习题精炼】

1.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup_________Icouldanswerthephone.（NMET2000）

A.asB.sinceC.beforeD.Until

2．Whydoyouwantanewjobyou’vegotsuchagoodonealready?

A．thatB．whereC．whichD．when

3．thedayswenton，theweathergotworse．

A．WithB．SinceC．WhileD．As

4．Nosoonerfinishedmyworkthebosscome

A．hadI；whenB．Ihad；whenC．hadI；thanD．Ihad；when

5．—Whatwasthepartylike?

—Wonderful．It’yearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuch．

A．afterB．beforeC．whenD．since

6．MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill．EspeciallyfatherwasawayinFrance．

A．asB．thatC．duringD．if

7．Pleaseletmeknowyouhaveanymoreinformation．

A．themomentB．unlessC．asfarasD．until

8．JackandJimhadtowaittwomoreweeksthemanagercameback．

A．beforeB．untilC．unlessD．when

9．Iwasabouttogotobedtherewasaknockatthedoor．

A．whlieB．whenC．asD．suddenly

10．youwantmetofireyou，Isuggestyoustopwearingsportsclothesatoffice．

A．IfB．SinceC．UnlessD．Until

11.____hetookpartinthecompetition,hewonasecondprize.

A.ForthefirsttimeB.AtatimeC.AtonetimeD.Thefirsttime

12.Ihadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclothes_____Iheardthevoices.

A.asB.afterC.whileD.when

13Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight，buttheyhungup________Icouldanswerthephone.

A.asB.sinceC.untilD.before

14.Therooffell_____hehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisbaby.

A.beforeB.asC.afterD.until

15.Thecrowdstartedcheering______herosetospeak.

A.asB.sinceC.tillD.where

16.Ihadworkedhere______youcamehere.ButIshallleaveforEngland______.

A.beforelong,beforelongB.beforelong;longbefore

C.longbefore,beforelongD.longbefore;longbefore

17.Scientistssayitmaybefiveortenyears_____itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.

A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when

18.___theInternetisbringingthedistancebetweenpeople,itmayalsobebreakingsomehomesorwillcauseotherfamilyproblems.

A.WhenB.IfC.AsD.While

19.---AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoNewYorkfortheholiday?

---No.ButifI________thetime，Iwoulddefinitelygo.

A.haveB.hadC.havehadD.wouldhave

20.I’llbebackbeforeyou________.

A.willleaveB.willhaveleftC.leaveD.wouldleave

21.Theproblemwon’tbesettleduntilwe________achancetodiscussitthoroughly.

A.havehadB.willhaveC.willhavehadD.wouldhave

22.________youtalktosomeoneorwriteamessage，youshowyourskillstoothers.

A.AttimesB.SometimeC.BythetimeD.Everytime

23.Whydoyouwanttofindanewjob________you’vegotsuchagoodonealready?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when

24.HardlyhadhearrivedinHongkong________sherangmeup.

A.whenB.thanC.thatD.and

25.________theyheardtheshoutforhelp，theyrushedout.

A.ImmediatelyB.ThemomentC.ThewhileD.Alltheabove

26.Bythetimeyou________back，thesupper________ready.

A.willget；willbeB.get；wasC.get；willbeD.willget；is

27.Iwasabouttoleavemyhouse________thephonerang.

A.whileB.whenC.asD.after

28.Ihadcutthemeatintopieces________Motherstartedcooking.

A.whenB.assoonasC.afterD.while

29.IsawMr.SmithlastSunday.Wehadnotseeneachother________IleftLondon.

A.asB.beforeC.sinceD.till

Keys:

1-5CDDCD6-10AAABB11-15DDDAA16-20CBDBC21-25ADDAD26-29CBAC

3．地点状语从句

定义

在句子中作地点状语的从句.可置于句首,句中和句尾.

常用引导词

where,wherever=（nomatterwhere）wherever,anywhere,everywhere.

例句

Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.

Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.

地点状语从句一般由连接副词where,wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型.例如：

Wherethereisnorain,farmingisdifficultorimpossible.

句型一

where+地点从句,（there）+主句.译为哪里...哪里就

注意:

主句在从句后,there可有可无.主句在从句前,一般不用there.

句型一例句

Wherethereisnorain,farming