职称英语真题及解析理工B.docx
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职称英语真题及解析理工B
2009年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（B级）真题及答案
第1部分：
词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 Wouldyoupleasecallmyhusbandassoonaspossible？
A visit B phone C consult D invite
2 Wehadalongconversationaboutherparents.
A speech B question C talk D debate
3 Thechairmanproposedthatwestopthemeeting.
A stated B announced C demanded D suggested
4 Obviouslythesepeoplecanbereliedoninacrisis.
A livedon B dependedon C believedin D joinedin
5 ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathletebreaksarecord.
A beats B maintains C matches D tries
6 Allthepupilsseemtobeverycheerful.
A happy B healthy C naughty D busy
7 Thetraditionalpaintingsareexhibitedonthesecondfloor.
A laid B displayed C kept D stored
8 Shestoodthere，shakingwithfury.
A misery B laughter C anger D cry
9 Maryevidentlyisthemostdiligentstudentamongus
A intelligent B beautiful C talkative D hardworking
10PersistentattemptstointerviewGarbowerefruitless.
A Forceful B Reasonable C Continuous D Firm
11Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining？
A everlasting B long C temporary D boring
12Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.
A shaken B damaged C fallen D jumped
13Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.
A faithful B royal C genuine D sincere
14Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.
A attraction B simplicity C power D rigor
15Tenyearsaftertheevent，herdeathstillremainsapuzzle
A mist B fog C mystery D secret
第2部分：
阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：
如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.
RadiocarbonDating
Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon（放射性碳），orcarbon-14，dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.
Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyatheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon，calledcarbon-12，hassixprotons（中子）andsixneutrons（质子）initsnucleus.Carbon-14，orC-14，isaradioactive，unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons（原子核）。
Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay（衰减）。
Thisprocessinvolvesthelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.
InLibby'sradiocarbondatingtechnique，theweakradioactiveemissions（放射）fromhisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.hedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.
Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'satmospherewhennitrogen（氮）-14，orN-14，
interactswithcosmicrays（宇宙射线）。
ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed，themountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently，C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50，000years.
AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules（分子）thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14
atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues（组织）。
Onceanorganism（有机体）diesittopstakingincarboninanyform，andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreases，andtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating，thefewerC-14atomsinasample，theolderthatsampleis.
16 Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
17 Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
18 Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
19 Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
20 Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50，000years.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
21 TheC-14inanorganismbeginstodecaywhenitdies
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
22 Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25，000years.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
第3部分：
概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：
（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；
（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Chimpanzees
1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）。
Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinues，thenwithin20years，therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy （悲剧）。
Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.
2 In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse，usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests，whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact，chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically，chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）。
Butthereisanother，moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.
3 Thechimpanzees'trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular，chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.
4 Forexample，chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV，thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed，theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.
5 Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans，scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This，theyhope，willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（改变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.
23 Paragraph1 24 Paragraph2
25 Paragraph3 26 Paragraph4
A ReasonsforHIVresistance
B Implicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans
C EffectiveAIDStreatment
D Geneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans
E Chimps'resistancetoHIV
F Geneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsandhumans
27 Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect
28 Thereisadifferenceof lessthan2%betweenthechimpand
29 Scientistssuspectthatgenes.PlaYasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting
30 Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto
A somehumandiseasetreatments B somediseases
C humansurvival D humangenomes E keyareas F healthierlifestyle
第4部分：
阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Water
Thesecondmostimportantconstituent（构成成份）ofthebiosphere（生物圈）isliquidwater.Thiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures，sincewaterfreezesat0℃andboilsat100℃。
Lifeasweknowitwouldonlybepossibleonthesurfaceofaplanetwhichhadtemperaturessomewherewithinthisnarrowrange.
Theearth'ssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsfairlyconstantinquantity.Thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknownveryaccurately，butitisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobetoadepthofabouttwoandthree-quarterkilometers.Mostofitisintheformofthesaltwateroftheoceans-about97percent.Therest
isfresh，butthree-quartersofthisisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountains，andcannotbeusedbylivingsystemsuntilmelted.Oftheremainingfractionalwhichissomewhatlessthanonepercentofthewhole，thereis10-20timesasmuchstoredundergroundwaterasthereisactuallyonthesurface.Thereisalsoatiny，butextremelyimportantfractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswatervaporintheatmosphere.
Watervaporintheatmosphereisthechannelthroughwhichthewholewater
circulation（循环）ofthebiospherehastopass.Waterevaporated（蒸发）fromthesurfaceoftheoceans，fromlakesandriversandfrommoist（潮湿的）earthisaddedtoit.Fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrainorsnow，fallingoneithertheseaortheland.Thereis，asmightbeexpected，amoreintensiveevaporationperunitareaovertheseaandoceansthanovertheland，butthereismorerainfalloverthelandthanovertheoceans，andthebalanceisrestoredbytherunofffromthelandintheformofrivers.
31 Liquidwateronlyexists
A inthecenteroftheearth. B onthesurfaceofourplanet.
C inaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures. D inthecoastalareasofthe
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