英语六级真题卷第三套.docx

英语六级真题卷第三套.docx

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英语六级真题卷第三套

PartIWriting

　　Direction：

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldfocusontheharmcausedbymisleadinginformationonline.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

Itseemstobealawinthetechnologyindustrythatleadingcompanieseventuallylosetheirposition,oftenquicklyandbrutally.MobilephonechampionNokia,oneofEurope'sbiggesttechnologysuccessstories,wasno_____（37）,losingitsmarketshareinjustafewyears.

PartⅢReadingComprehension

　　In2007,Nokiaaccountedformorethan40%ofmobilephonesales_____（38）.Butconsumers'preferenceswerealready_____（39）towardtouch-screensmartphone.WiththeintroductionofApple'siPhoneinthemiddleofthatyear,Nokia'smarketshare_____（40）rapidlyandrevenueplunged.Bytheendof2013,NokiahadsolditsphonebusinesstoMicrosoft.

　　WhatsealedNokia'sfatewasaseriesofdecisionsmadebyStephenElopinhispositionasCEO,whichhe_____（41）inOctober2010.EachdaythatElopspentinchargeofNokia,thecompany'smarketvaluedeclinedby$23million,makinghim,bythenumbers,oneoftheworstCEOsinhistory.

　　ButElopwasnottheonlypersonat_____（42）.Nokia'sboardresistedchange,makingitimpossibleforthecompanytoadapttorapidshiftsintheindustry.Most_____（43）,JormaOllila,whohadledNokia'stransitionfromanindustrialcompanytoatechnologygiant,wastoofascinatedbythecompany's_____（44）successtorecognizethechangethatwasneededtosustainitscompetitiveness.

　　Thecompanyalsoembarkedona_____（45）cost-cuttingprogram,whichincludedtheeliminationofthousandsofjobs.Thiscontributedtothe_____（46）ofthecompany'sonce-spiritedculture,whichhadmotivatedemployeestotakerisksandmakemiracles.Goodleadersleftthecompany,takingNokia'ssenseofvisionanddirectionwiththem.Notsurprisingly,muchofNokia'smostvaluabledesignandprogrammingtalentleftaswell.

　SectionB

　　First-GenerationCollege-Goers:

UnpreparedandBehind

　　Kidswhoarethefirstintheirfamiliestobravetheworldofhighereducationcomeoncampuswithlittleacademicknow-howandaremuchmorelikelythantheirpeerstodropoutbeforegraduation.

　　A）WhenNijayWilliamsenteredcollegelastfallasafires-generationstudentandJamaicanimmigrant,hewasacademicallyunpreparedfortherigorsofhighereducation.Likemanyfirst-generationstudent,heenrolledinamedium-sizedstateuniversitymanyofhishighschoolpeerswerealsoattending,receivedaPellGrant,andboardandtheclosenessoftheschooltohisfamily,hechosetoliveathomeandwordedbetween30and40hoursaweekwhiletakingafullclassschedule.

　　B）WhatNijaydidn'trealizeabouthisschool—TennesseeStateUniversity—wasitsfrighteninglylowgraduationrate:

amere29percentforitsfirst-generationstudents.Attheendofhisfirstyear,NijaylosthisPellGrantofover$5,000afternarrowlymissingtheGPAcut-off,makingitimpossibleforhimtocontinuepayingforschool.

　　C）NijayrepresentsalargeandgrowinggroupofAmericans:

first-generationcollegestudentswhoenterschoolunpreparedorbehind.Tomakemattersworse,theseschoolsareill-equippedtograduatethesestudents—youngadultswhofacespecificchallengesandobstacles.Theytypicallycarryfinancialburdensthatoutweighthoseoftheirpeers,aremorelikelytoworkwhileattendingschool,andoftenrequiresignificantacademicremediation（补习）.

　　D）MattRubinoffdirectsI'mFirst,anonprofitorganizationlaunchedlastOctobertoreachouttothisspecificpopulationofstudents.Hehopestodistributethisinformationandhelpprospectivecollege-goersfindthebestpost-secondaryfit.AndwhileRubinoffbelievesthereareagoodnumberoffour-yearschoolsthattrulycareaboutthesestudentsandsetasidesignificantresourcesandprogramsforthem,hesaysthatnumberisn'thighenough.

　　E）"It'snotonlytheselectiveandeliteinstitutionsthatprovidethoseopportunitiesforasmallsubsetofthispopulation,"Rubinoffsaid,addingthatamajorityoffirst-generationundergraduatestendtowardoptionssuchasonlineprograms,two-yearcolleges,andcommuterstandschools."Unfortunately,theretendstobealackofinformationandsupporttohelpstudentsthinkbiggerandbroader."

　　F）Despitethisproblem,manystudentsarestilldrawntotheseinstitutions—andtwo-yearschoolsinparticular.Asaformerhighschoolteacher,Isawstudentschoosefamiliar,cheaperoptionsyearafteryear.Insteadofskippingoutonhighereducationaltogether,theychosecommunitycollegesorstateschoolswithlowbarsforadmittance.

　　G）"Theyunderestimatethemselveswhenselectingauniversity,"saidDaveJarrat,amarketingexecutiveforInsideTrack,afor-profitorganizationthatspecializesincoachinglow-incomestudentsandsupportingcollegesinordertohelpstudentsthrive."Therealityofitisthatalotoflow-incomekidscouldbegoingtoeliteuniversitiesonafullridescholarshipanddon'tevenrealizeit."

　　H）"Manystudentsarecomingfromasituationwherenoonearoundthemhastheexperienceofsuccessfullycompletinghighereducation,sotheyarecominginquestioningthemselvesandtheircollegeworthiness,"Jarratcontinued.Thathelpsexplainwhy,asI'mFirst'sRubinoffindicated,theschoolstowhichthesestudentsendupresortingcanendupbeingsomeofthepoorestmatchesforthem.TheUniversityofTennesseeandTennesseeStateareworthcomparing.TennesseeState'soverallgraduationrateisatiny39percent,butatleastithasasmallergapbetweentheoutcomesforfirst-generationstudentsandthoseoftheirpeers.

　　I）Still,theUniversityofTennesseedeservescreditforbeingtransparent.Manylargeinstitutionskeepthiskindofdatasecret—oratleastmakeitincrediblydifficulttofind.TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,forinstance,admitsonlythatthegraduationrateforitsfirst-generationpupilsis"muchlower"thanthepercentageofallstudentswhograduatewithinfouryears（81percent）.

　　J）Itisactuallyquitedifficulttofindreliablestatistiesontheissueformanyschools.Highereducationinstitutionsare,underfederallaw,requiredtoreportgraduationrates,butthesereportstypicallyonlyincludePellrecipientnumbers—notnecessarilyratesspecifictofirst-generationstudents.Otherinitiativesfailtobreakdownthedata,too.Imaginehowintimidatingitcanbeforprospectivestudentsunfamiliarwiththecomplexitiesofhighereducationtonavigatethiskindofinformationandthenidentifywhichschoolsarethebestfit.

　　K）ItwasthislackofinformationthatpromptedthelaunchofI'mFirstin2013,originallyasanarmofitsumbrellaorganization,theCenterForStudentOpportunity."Ifwecanhelptodirectstudentstomoreofthesetypesofcampusesandhelpstudentstounderstandthemtoberealisticandaccessibleplaces,havethemapplytotheseschoolsatgreaterfrequencyandultimatelygetinandenroll,wearegoingtoraisethesuccessrate,"Rubinoffsaid,citingavarietyofcollegesrangingfromlargestateinstitutionstosmallerprivateschools.

　　L）ChelseaJones,whonowdirectsstudentprogrammingatI'mFirst,wasafirst-generationcollegestudentatHoward.Likeotherstudentnewtotheintimidatinghigher-educationworld,sheoftenstruggledonherpathtocollege."Therewasn'treallyacollege-boundcultureatmyhighschool,"shesaid."IwanttogotocollegebutIdidn'treallyknowtheprocess."Jonesbecameinvolvedwithacollege-accessprogramthroughPrincetonUniversityinhighschool.Nowsheattributesmuchofherunderstandingofcollegetothat:

"ButonceIgottocampus,itwasacompletelydifferentballgamethatnoonereallypreparedmefor."

　　M）Shewasfortunate,though.Howard,awell-regardedhistoricallyblackcollege,hadanarrayofresourcesforitsfirst-generationstudents,includingmatchingkidswithcounselors,connectingfirst-generationstudentstooneanother,andTRIO,anationalprogramthatsupported200studentsonHoward'scampus.Still,Jonesrepresentsasmallpercentageoffirst-generationstudentswhoareabletogainentryintomoreeliteuniversities,whichareoftenknownforrobustfinancialaidpackagesandremarkablyhighgraduationratesforfirst-generationstudents.（Harvard,forexample,boastsasix-yeargraduationrateforunderrepresentedminoritygroupsof98percent.）

　　N）ChristianVazquez,afirst-generationTalegraduate,isanotherexception,hissuccessstorysettinghimfarapartfromstudentssuchasNijay."ThereisalotofsupportatYale,toanextent,afterawhile,thereistoomuchsupport."hesaid,half-jokingaboutthecountlessresourcesavailableattheschool.Studentsareplacedinsmallgroupswithcounselors（trainedseniorsoncampus）;theyhaveaccesstoculturalandethnicaffinity（联系）groups,tutoringcentersandalsohaveasummerorientationspecificallyforfirst-generationstudents（thelatterbeingoneofthemostcommonprogramsforstudents）.

　　O）"Oursupportstructurewasmorelike:

'YouaregoingtogetthroughYale;youaregoingtodowell.'"hesaid,hintingatmentors（导师）,staff,andprofessorswhoallprovidedsignificantsupportforstudentswholackedconfidenceabout"belonging"atsuchatopinstitution.

　46.Manyfirst-generationcollege-goershavedoubtsabouttheirabilitiestogetacollegedegree.

　47.First-generationcollegestudentstendtohavemuchheavierfinancialburdensthantheirpeers.

　48.Thegraduationrateoffirst-generationstudentsatNijay'suniversitywasincrediblylow.

　49.SometopinstitutionslikeYaleseem