工程管理英语.docx

工程管理英语.docx

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工程管理英语

Unit1

QuantitySurveyor

JobDescription

QuantitySurveyorshaveusuallycompletedanappropriatetertiarydegreecourseandundertakenworkexperiencewhichqualifythemformembershipoftheAustralianInstituteofQuantitySurveyors.TAFECertificatesandDiplomasqualifytechnicianswhoassistQuantitySurveyorsintheofficeoronsite,wheretheymayspecializeinparticularaspectsoftheprofession.

Quantitysurveyorsworkonprojectsrangingfromofficeblocks,schools,hospitals,factoriestobridges,railways,oilandminingdevelopment,shipbuildingandlargeprocessengineeringworkssuchasoilrefineries.Anywhere,indeed,thatmajorconstructionworkiscarriedout.TheQuantitySurveyor,alsoknownasaConstructionEconomistorCostManager,isoneofateamofprofessionaladviserstotheconstructionindustry.QuantitySurveyorsestimateallcostsassociatedwithconstructionprojects.Mostoftheirtimeisspentlookingatbuildingplansandquantifyingtheamountandpriceofconstructionmaterials.

AfterQuantitySurveyorshaveestimatedthecostofaconstruction,theyestablishabudgetandexaminewhethertheproposedconstructionmethodswillbeeconomicalandsuitable.Theydothisbyexaminingarchitecturalandengineeringdrawingsandspecifications.Then,theyprepareBillofQuantitieswhichlistsindetailalltheindividualworkcomponentsoftheproject.Anychangeinthedesignorcostofthesewillbemonitoredthroughouttheconstructionphase.

Asadvisers,theyestimateandmonitortheconstructioncosts,fromthefeasibilitystageofaprojectthroughtothecompletionoftheconstructionperiod.Afterconstruction,theymaybeinvolvedwithtaxdepreciationschedules,replacementcostestimationforinsurancepurposesand,ifnecessary,mediationandarbitration.

QuantitySurveyorsareemployedpredominantlyonmajorbuildingandconstructionprojectsasconsultantstotheowner,inbothpublicandprivatesectors.Theymayalsoworkasacademicsinthebuildingandconstructiondisciplinesandinfinancialinstitutions,withdeveloperandasprojectmanager.

QuantitySurveyorsworkcloselywitharchitects,financiers,engineers,contractors,suppliers,projectowners,accountants,insuranceunderwriters,solicitors,courtsandalllevelsofgovernmentauthorities.

QuantitySurveyorsgettheirnamefromtheBillofQuantities,adocumentwhichitemizesthequantitiesofmaterialsandlaborinaconstructionproject.Thisismeasuredfromdesigndrawings,tobeusedbythecontractorsfortendering,forprogresspayments,forvariationsandchangesandultimatelyforstatistics,taxationandvaluation.

Atthefeasibilitystage,QuantitySurveyorsusetheirknowledgeofconstructionmethodsandcoststoadvisetheowneronthemosteconomicalwayofachievinghisrequirements.QuantitySurveyorsmayusetechniquessuchascostplanning,estimating,costanalysis,cost-in-usestudiesandvaluemanagementtoestablishaprojectbudget.

Duringdesign,theQuantitySurveyorensuresthatthedesignremainsonbudgetthroughcostmanagement.Essentialadditionsareoffsetbyidentifiedothersavings.

Oncompletionofdesignanddrawings,theQuantitySurveyormayprepareaBillofQuantities,whichisissuedwiththespecification,forusebycontractorsinsubmittingtenders.Thecontractor'sQuantitySurveyors/estimatorsgenerallypreparetenders,andmaypricealternativesforconsideration.

TheQuantitySurveyorisusuallyinvolvedinassessingtendersandmayalsohavebeenaskedtoadviseonthetypeofcontactorspecialclausesinit.

Duringconstruction,QuantitySurveyorsarecalledontofairlyvalueprogresspaymentsatregularintervals.TheywillalsovaluechangestodesignorquantitieswhichmayarisebyreferencetoappropriateBillofQuantitiesrates.Thecontractor'sQuantitySurveyororcontractadministratorwillhavepreparedclaimsforprogresspaymentsandadditionalwork.

Whenconstructioniscompleted,theQuantitySurveyorcanproducedepreciationschedulesofvariousprojectcomponentsandadviseonrealisticinsurancereplacementcosts.Inthecaseofconstructiondisputes,theQuantitySurveyorisoftencalledonasanexpertwitness,andsomeQuantitySurveyorsactasarbitrators.Bothcontractor'sandowner'sQuantitySurveyorswillbeinvolvedinthis.

Inadditiontonewprojects,QuantitySurveyorsalsousetheirskillsinrefurbishmentofoldbuildings,alterationstoexistingbuildingsandinsurancereplacementestimates.Inpublicauthoritiestheymaintaincoststatisticsonastateornation-widebasis,andthereareopportunitiesforacademiccareersinthebuildingdisciplines.

QuantitySurveyorsworkintheprivatesectorwithconsultingfirms,inthepublicsectormainlywiththeStateGovernmentDepartments/AuthoritiesandtheAustralianConstructionService,andincreasinglywithbuildingcontractors,financiers,propertydevelopers,projectmanagersanduniversities.

QSServices

1.FinancialAdvisor

~preparesbudgetsforbuildingprojects

~advisesoneffectsofqualitytothebudget

~preparescontractdocumentation（suchasBillsofQuantitiesandCostControlDocuments）

~recommendscontracttypeanddeliveryprocesstoachievetimeandbudget

~preparestaxdepreciationcalculations

2.ConstructionAdvisor

~advisesonthecostofalternativematerials

~advisesonthecostofconstructionmethods

~advisesontheeffectofsiteconditionsonbudget

~advisesonthefeasibilityofdifferentsites

3.ContractAdministrator

~advisesonmattersbetweenclientandarchitectorconsultants

~advisesonmattersbetweenclientandcontractororprojectmanager

~advisesoncontractinterpretation,payments,changesinscopeofworks,variations,claimsandfinalaccounts

4.TheIndependentQuantitySurveyor

~impartialadvice

~honestbroker

~achievesvalueformoney

~managesthebudgetandcontrolscost

~achievesqualityproduct

~satisfiestheclient

QSSkills

Inadditiontotechnicalproficiencyinmathsandfinancialaccounting,QuantitySurveyorsneedgoodcommunicationskillsandtheabilitytoworkcloselywithothers.Theyworkcloselyandregularlywitharchitects,engineers,clients,buildersandcontractors.

Theymustalsohaveanunderstandingofthelawsthatgovernconstructioncontracts,theconstructionprocess,andthecostandtypesofmaterialsused.ReadingandexaminingbuildingplansisasignificantcomponentofaQuantitySurveyor'swork,therefore,thecapacityforintenseconcentrationoverlongperiodsiscritical,andquickandreliablejudgmentsforhandlinganynecessarychangeisamust.

Bytheway,ifyouareafraidofheights,youwillhavetoovercomeyourfears.Youmightfindyourselfinspectingtheroofofa50-storeybuildingthatisstillbeingconstructed.

NewWords,Expressions

Estimatevt.估计，预算，估价n.估价，预算

Quantifyvt.确定….的数量，量化

Budgetn.预算v.编制预算

Specificationn详细说明[pl]规范，技术说明

Depreciationn.贬值，折旧

Mediationn.调解

Arbitrationn.仲裁

Predominantlyad.主要的，显著地

Developern.开发商

Contractorn.承包商

Suppliern.供货商

Itemizevt.分条细列，详列

Tendern.投标vt.提出

Offsetvt.弥补，抵消

Claimn.索赔

Refurbishmentn整修，翻新

Deliveryn.交付，交货

Alternativeadj.选择性的，替代性的

Brokern.（股票债券等的）经纪人；（买卖的）中间人，代理人

Underwritern.保险商

Feasibilitystage可行性研究阶段

Constructionmethod施工方案，施工组织设计

Billofquantities工程量清单

Replacementcost重置成本

Buildingandconstructiondiscipline建筑与施工业

Progresspayment进度付款

Variationandchange变更

Costplanning成本计划

Costanalysis成本分析

Scopeofwork工程范围

Exercises

1.TheQuantitySurveyorisalsoknownasa（）.

A.ProjectManagerB.ConstructionManager

C.ConstructionEconomistD.Engineer

2.BillofQuantitiesismeasuredfrom（）.

A.specificationB.designdrawing

C.constructionmethodD.contact

3.Fromthefeasibilitystageofaprojectthroughtothecompletionoftheconstructionperiod,QuantitySurveyorsdon’t（）.

A.estimatereplacementcost

B.estimateconstructioncost

C.monitorthechangesofdesign

D.establishabudget

4.Oncompletionofdesignanddrawings,theQuantitySurveyormay（）.

A.advisetheowneronthemosteconomicalwayofachievinghisrequirement

B.establishaprojectbudget

C.valueprogresspaymentatregularintervals

D.prepareBillofQuantities

5.TheserviceofQuantitySurveyorsareinthefieldofadviseon（）.

A.financingB.construction

C.technicalD.contract

6.Oralpractice:

discusswithyourpartnersonthefollowingtopic.

WhatshouldbepreparedforbeingaqualifiedQuantitySurveyor?

Unit2

TypesofBidsandContracts

Contractorsusuallysubmitbidsforalump-sumcontractoraunit-price-typecontract,whenbasedoncompleteplansandspecifications.

Whenplansandspecificationshavenotyetadvancedtoastagewhereadetailedestimatecanbemade,thetypeofcontractusuallyresortedtoisacost-plus-feetype.Thebidmaybebasedonapercentagemarkupthecontractorwillreceiveoverandabovecosts.Sometimesanincentivefeeisalsoincorporated,allowingownerandcontractorshare,inanagreed-onratio,thecostsavingachievedbythecontractor,ortorewardtothecontractorforcompletingtheprojectaheadofschedule.

Evaluationofbidsbyanownermaytakeintoconsiderationtheexperienceandtheexperienceandreputationofthecontractor,asaresultofwhichawardsmaynotbemadeonastrictlylow-bidbasis.

BudgetEstimate.Often,theownerinpreparingplansandspecificationswanttodeterminetheexpectedconstructioncostwhiletheplansarestillinapreliminarystage.Theowner,inthatcase,willaskcontractorsforacostestimateforbudgetpurpose.Iftheestimatefromaspecificcontractorappearstobesatisfactorytotheowner,andiftheownerisdesirousofestablishingacontractua