英语词汇学exercises.docx

英语词汇学exercises.docx

《英语词汇学exercises.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语词汇学exercises.docx（33页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

英语词汇学exercises

Chapter1

Theterm'vocabulary'isusedindifferentsenses.Matchtheexampleswiththedefinitionofvocabulary.

A

B

Thethetotalnumberofthewordsinalanlanguage

HisChinesevocabularyis

ratherlimited.

Alltthewordsusedinaparticularhisthistoricalperiod

Mosttechnicaljobsuseaspecializedvocabulary.

Alltthewordsofagivendialect,agivegivenbook,agivendiscipline

ModernEnglishvocabulary.

Alltthewordsthatanindividualpersonknoknows,learns,oruses.

TheEnglishvocabularyisoneofofthelargestandrichest.

Thereisplentyofslanginthefollowingdialogue.Readthedialogueandseeifyouidentifyandunderstand.

　　PersonA:

What'supman?

　　PersonB:

Notmuchdude.

　　A:

Howisitgoing?

　　B:

I'malright.Iamgood.

　　A:

What'sgoingon?

　　B:

Iamfeelingdown.

　　A:

Why?

　　B:

Mygirlfrienddumpedme.Shesaidthatwedon'tmeshwelltogether.

　　A:

Iamsosorry.Ifeelforyouman.

　　B:

Itsucks.It'ssohorrible.Idon'twanttolivewithouther.

　　A:

Thereareplentyofotherfishinthesea.Youcan'tlosehopeoverasinglechick.

　　B:

Iguessyougotapoint.It'stoughthough,andit'shardtomoveon.

　　A:

You'llbegood.Noworries.Livelifeandhavefun.

　　B:

Icandothat.Thankyousomuchforbeingthere.You'retheman.

A:

IdowhatIcan,lol.

Herearesomeoftheslangexpressionswiththeirexplanations

　　man:

atermoffamiliaraddresstoamanorawoman:

Hey,man,takeiteasy.

　　dude:

aman,afellow

　　down:

depressed

　　dump:

toendone’srelationshipwithsomeone

　　mesh:

tomatch,coordinate,orinterlock

　　suck：

tobedisgustinglydisagreeableoroffensive

　　feelfor:

tofeelsympathyfororcompassiontoward;empathizewith:

Iknowyou'redisappointedandupset,andIfeelforyou.

　　fish:

person

　　chick:

OftenOffensive.agirloryoungwoman.

　　lol:

laughingoutloud

Whichofthefollowingwordsarecontentwordsandwhicharefunctionwords?

Puttheminthecorrectcategory.

denote

and

notion

Seven

have

never

sun

upon

Christmas

would

the

clear

belong

Am

are

did

in

cloud

Along

slowly

ReadthefollowingexcerptfromGeorgeW.Bush’sFarewellAddressin2009andunderlinethefunctionalwordsusedinit.

Likeallwhohaveheldthisofficebeforeme,Ihaveexperiencedsetbacks.TherearethingsIwoulddodifferentlyifgiventhechance.YetIhavealwaysactedwiththebestinterestsofourcountryinmind.IhavefollowedtheconscienceanddonewhatIthoughtwasright.YoumaynotagreewithsometoughdecisionsIhavemade.ButIhopeyoucanagreethatIwaswillingtomakethetoughdecisions.

Guesswhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.

　　1.NativewordsarewordsbroughttoBritaininthefifthcenturybytheGermanictribes:

theAngles,theSaxons,andtheJutes.

　　2.NativewordsareknownasAnglo-Saxonwords.

　　3.WordsofAnglo-Saxonoriginaresmallinnumber.

　　4.WordsofAnglo-Saxonoriginformthemainstreamofthebasicwordstockandstandatthecoreofthelanguage.

5.Whatistrueofthebasicwordstockisalsotrueofnativewords.

6.Thenumberoffunctionalwordsisovergrowing.

7.Everymorphemehasitsvariants.

Putthefollowingborrowedwordsintothecorrectcategory.

Pioneer

Ketchup

Kowtow

Blackhumour

Dream

port

cup

Masterpiece

Fresh

Change

Decor

Gospel

Dumb

Kimono

Intermezzo

pork

　　Denizens:

porkportchangecup

　　Aliens:

KowtowKimonoIntermezzoKetchupDecor

　　Translation-loans:

MasterpieceBlackhumour

　　Semantic-loans:

DreamFreshPioneerDumb

Explaintherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningwithexamples.

Dividethefollowingwordsintotheirconstituentmorphemes:

inaccessibility,unevenly,friendliness,overseas,minimalist,occurrences,assumption,retell,ex-wife,misleading,multimedia,automobile,microcomputer,vice-chairman,semiconductor,underdeveloped,telescope,maltreat,anti-government,forehead,illegal,disobey,unfair,prepaid,de-emphasis,readiness,discouraging,kind-hearted,undoubtedly,stockrooms,prepackaged

Judgehowmanymorphemesthefollowingwordshave:

unrespectable,recollection,irresponsibility,internationalists,　　　impossibility,unpredictable

Writethefollowingwordswithhyphensbetweentheirmorphemes.

quicklydownstairsfourthpoisonousweakenworldwideinternationallyinjectprotrude

Trytofindouthowmanyallomorphsdoes"–ed"has?

Illustrateyouranswerwithexamples.

Whatwouldbeconsideredasallomorphsofthemorpheme‘plural’fromthefollowingsetofEnglishwords?

dataoxenchildrendeerfilmsfactoriesmatches

Analyzethewordsintermsofrootandstem.

impracticableness　　unbelievably

Underlineeachboundmorphemeinthefollowingwords.

islandsurnamediscloseducklingcranberryreadingpoetsflavourfulnessfamoussubvert

Whataretheinflectionalmorphemesinthefollowingphrasesorsentences?

1）theboy’sbooks

2）thegreatestachievements

3）It’ssnowing.

4）Johnclimbedthemountain.

Giveallthepossibleinflectionsforthefollowingwords.

book,forget,short,snap,take,goose,heavy

Chapter2

Pointoutthenativewordsinthefollowingpairsofsynonyms:

beak---billbreak---severfeed---nourishamity---friendship

wet---humidsolitary---lonelypeople---folkdeep---profound

mount---riseworld---universeanswer-replycelestial---heavenly

exterior---outercordial---heartydale---valleyhave---possess

conceal---hidedeed---actionholy---sacredaid---help

prevent---hinderbegin---commencewomanly---feminine

inner---interiordeadly---mortalmotherly---maternal

question---askmasculine---manlybuy---purchase

thin---tenuousearthly---terrestrialroyal---kingly

violin---fiddlefatherly---paternaldomestic---homely

bodily---corporalvivacious---livelybrotherhood---fraternity

aqueous---watery

Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.

　　1.EnglishisthelanguageoftheearlyinhabitantsoftheBritishIsles.

　　2.ThefirstpeoplesknowntoinhabitEnglandwereCeltswhomainlyspokeLatin.

　　3.TheRomansinvadedtheBritishIslesandoccupiedituntilabout410.ConsequentlytheLatinoftheRomanLegionswasamajorlanguageusedbytheearlyinhabitantsoftheBritishIsles.

　　4.AstheGermantribesinvadedBritain,theCelticlanguagesgraduallyretreated.

5.CelticmadeonlyasmallcontributiontotheEnglishvocabulary.

6.Indo-EuropeanreferstothefamilylanguagesspokenoriginallyinEurope.

7.LatinandFrenchbelongtothedifferentlanguagegroups.

8.EnglishbelongstotheWest-GermaniclanguagegroupofIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.

9.ThefirstpeopleinEnglandaboutwhoselanguagewehavedefiniteknowledgearetheCelts.

10.OldEnglishischaracterizedbythefrequentuseofcompoundswhichinturnisanimportantlinguisticfeatureofGermaniclanguage.

11.OldEnglishhasmuchlessloanwordscomparedwithmodernEnglish.

12.ModernEnglishisalanguageofleveledendings.

CompareOldEnglishwithMiddleEnglish.Whataretheirrespectivecharacteristics?

GeoffreyChaucer（?

1343-1400）MiddleEnglishPeriod

WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）,EarlyModernEnglishPeriod

Chapter3

Onsemanticbasis,prefixesaredividedintoninegroups:

　　1.NegativePrefixes

　　3.Pejorativeprefixes

　　5.Prefixesoforientationandattitude

　　7.Prefixesoftimeandorder

　　9.Miscellaneousprefixes

2.Reversativeprefixes

4.Prefixesofdegreeorsize

6.Locativeprefixes

8.Numberprefixes

　　Now,comparethemeaningsofthewordswiththeirrootsorstemsandjudgewhatchangeshavetakenplaceonmeanings.Thenpleasedecidewhichgrouptheprefixesabovebelongto.Justfillinthenumbersthatrepresentthedifferentgroups.Anexamplehasbeendoneforyou.

　re

　7

　ex-

　mis-

　multi-

　auto-

　micro-

　vice-

　semi-

　under-

　tele-

　mal-

　anti-

　fore-

　il-

　dis-

　un-

　pre-

　de-

Inthefollowingtable,thereare12wordsofdifferentpartofspeech.Matchthewordswiththecorrespondingsuffixestoformanewword.Writeoutthenewwordanditspartofspeech.Anexamplehasbeendoneforyou.

Analyzethenewnounsintheabovetable.Aretheyabstractnounsorconcretenouns?

Whichsuffixeswillleadtoanabstractnounandwhichtoconcreteones?

WriteAforabstractandCforconcreteinthefollowingform.Anexamplehasbeendoneforyou.

-dom

A

-ity

-ery

-hood

-ism

-er

-ese

-ess

-sion

-ee

-tion

-ent

Formnegativesofeachofthefollowingwordsbyusingoneoftheseprefixesdis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,non-,un-

smoker　　capable　　practicalobey

　security　relevant　mature　ability

　officially　willingness　legal　agreement

　logical　loyal　convenient　athletic

Keys:

nonsmoker，incapable，impractical，disobey，insecurity，irrelevant，immature，inability/disability，unofficially，unwillingness，illegal，disagreement，illogical，disloyal，inconvenient，nonathletic

用否定前缀in-（及其变体）、non-、un-构成下列单词的反义词

correct,friendly,wrap,free,rational,consistent,remarked,business,green,expected,smoker,balanced,empty,polite,complete,resistant,trivial,candidate,attention,science,logical,informative,literate,assuming,remitting,mortal,perishable,sane,forgettable

InEnglish,therearequiteafewprefixesthatconnotenegation.Theyinclude“a-,un-,in-,dis-,mis-,non-,de-”,andthelike.Canyougiveoneortwoexamplesforeach.

Howwouldyoudistinguishbetween“un-”and“non-”intermsoftheirmeaninganduse?

Canweprefix“un-”toadjectiveslike“tall,ill”and“black”?

Whyorwhynot?

Turnthefollowingnounsandadjectivesintoverbswithsuffixes–en,-ify,-izeandthenchooseappropriateverbsyou