Unit 13 Humanity and Nature汇总.docx

Unit 13 Humanity and Nature汇总.docx

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Unit13HumanityandNature汇总

Unit13HumanityandNature

Objectives

☐SkillsDevelopment:

recognizing,identifying,reasoning,drawinginferences,summarizing

☐FunctionsandSituations:

makingsuggestions,givingpersonalopinions

☐LanguageFocus:

environment-relatedidioms,word-matching,rewritingsentences

FocusofLearning

Thefocusoflearninginthisunitistounderstandpollutionproblemsandtheharmtheycausetomankindthroughnewsreports,talksandsciencereports.

◆Warm-UpSpeaking

Watchavideoclip,andanswerthefollowingquestions:

1.WhyistheArcticicecapcomparedtothebeatingheartoftheglobalclimatesystem?

2.Whywasthelakeonfire?

3.Whatarethethreemajorcausesofglobalwarming?

4.Canyoutellthetwobiggestgreenhouse-gasemitters?

5.OldAfricanproverb:

◆VocabularyBuilding

1.bapplicant

2.ddeteriorate

3.ereplenish

4.areinin

5.fsoar

6.hexceed

7.ctrigger

8.gexposure

◆Listening&Speaking

PartA

Topic:

DevelopingPollution-FreeEnergy—aNewsReport

Goal:

togetaroughideaoftheenvironmentalproblemsBeijingistackling

KeyWordsandExpressions:

metropolis[mɪˈtrɔpəlɪs]:

thelargest,busiest,andmostimportantcityinacountryorregion

municipal[mjuˈnisipəl]:

associatedwithorbelongingtoacityortownthathasitsownlocalgovernment

deteriorate[diˈtiəriəreit]:

growworseordegenerateinquality

stringent[ˈstrɪndʒənt]:

（especiallyoflaws,rulesorconditionsetc）severe;makingdifficultdemands

DevelopingPollution-FreeEnergy

—aNewsReport

[1].Beijingisworkingtowardsthegoalofbecominganenergysaving,cleanandbeautifulinternationalmetropolis.

[2].“Asoneofthefewcoal-consumingcapitalsintheworld,Beijingburned27milliontonsofcoalin2000.Coalconsumptionhasbeenproventobethemajorcauseofpollutioninthecity,”GuoJunqing,deputydirectoroftheBeijingMunicipalDevelopmentPlanningCommittee,toldanongoinginternationalseminaronenergyandenvironmenthereFriday.

[3].“Thecityplanstocutcoalconsumptiontolessthan15milliontonsby2008.Theamounttobeusedintheurbandistrictswillbenomorethan8.5milliontons,”hesaid.

[4].“Prioritywillbegiventothedevelopmentofcleanenergy，suchaselectricpowerandnaturalgas,whichwillconstitute80percentoftheenergyconsumedinBeijingby2008,”Guosaid.

[5].The3,000-year-oldcityhasbeensufferingfromadeterioratingenvironmentsincetheearly1990sasaresultofurbanexpansionandapopulationexplosion.

[6].Totackletheproblem，Beijingmunicipalgovernmenthasintroducedanumberofmeasures sincethelate1990stoimproveairquality,includingcontrollingairpollution,reducingcoalconsumption,applyingstringentauto-emissionrulesandincreasinggreenspace.

ListeningTask1

1.F

2.N

3.T

4.F

5.T

ListeningTask2

6.27milliontons.

7.Lessthan15milliontons.

8.Nomorethan8.5milliontons.

9.Prioritywillbegiventothedevelopmentofcleanenergy,suchaselectricpowerandnaturalgas.

LanguageFollow-Up

1.a）Beijingisoneofthefewcapitalsthatusecoalasfuel.

b）Thiscountrydevelopsslowlymainlybecauseithastoolargeapopulation.

c）Educationofchildrenshouldtakethefirstplace.

2.Totackletheproblem,theBeijingmunicipalgovernmenthastakenanumberofmeasuressincethelate1990stoimprovetheairquality,includingcontrollingairpollution,reducingcoalconsumption,applyingstringentauto-emissionrulesandincreasinggreenspace.

ExtendedSpeaking

Problem1:

Pollution

Solution:

Weshouldhavestrictcontrolsonfactoriesthatemitpollutants,andnewcleantypesofenergyshouldbedeveloped.

Problem2:

Watershortage

Solution:

Thepublicshouldbeconstantlyeducatedaboutcarefuluseandconservationofwater,anditissuggestedthatmeasuresbetakentoredistributewaterfromwhereitisplentifultowhereitisinshortsupplyandneeded.

Problem3:

Desertification

Solution:

Illegalcuttingoftreesshouldbeeffectivelypreventedthroughstrictlawenforcement,andthereshouldbemorereforestation.

PartB

Topic:

HumanOveruseofEarth’sResources—aTalk

Goal:

tohaveageneralideaoftheresourceproblemshumansarefacingnow

KeyWordsandExpressions:

replenish[rɪˈplenɪʃ]:

fillupagain;putnewsupplyinto

conservation[ˌkɔnsəˈveiʃən]:

preventionofloss,waterordamage,etc.

reinin:

restrainorlimit

soar:

risesharply,flyorglidehigh（oftensurprisingtheobserver）

marine[məˈri:

n]:

oforrelatingtothesea

infrastructure[ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə]:

basicfacilities,services,andinstallationsneededforfunctioningofsocietyi.e.electricity/watersupply,roads,etc.

fossil[ˈfɔsl]:

thehardremainsofaprehistoricanimalorplantthatarefoundinsidearockfossilfuel

carbondioxide[daɪˈɔksaɪd]:

agas,producedbyanimalsandpeoplebreathingout,andbychemicalreactions

hectare[ˈhektɛə]:

ameasurementofanareaoflandwhichisequalto10,000squaremetres,or2.471acres

 HumanOveruseofEarth’sResources

—aTalk

[1].Theconsumptionofwood,energyandlandbyhumansisexceedingtherateatwhichtheEarthcanreplenishitself，accordingtorecentresearch.ThefindingwaspublishedlastweekintheproceedingsoftheUSNationalSciencesAcademy.ThestudywasdonebytheUS-basedRedefiningProgress,anonprofitgroupconcernedwithenvironmentalconservationanditseconomics.Thescientistswarnedthatafailuretoreinintheoveruseofnaturalresourcescouldsendtheplanetinto“ecologicalbankruptcy.”

[2].TheEarth’sresources“arelikeapileofmoneyanyonecangrabwiththeireyesclosed，butthenit’sgone!

”,saidMathisWackernagel,leadingauthorofthestudy.

[3].Scientistsaidhumanity’sdemandforresourcessoaredduringthepast40yearstoalevelwhereitwouldtakeplanet12yearstoregeneratewhatpeopleremoveeachyear.

[4].Theimpactontheenvironmenthasinchedhighersince1961whenpublicdemandwas70percentoftheplanet’sregenerativecapacity,thestudyshowed.

[5].Thestudywhichdetailsthepopulation’simpactontheEarthwithaquantitativenumbermeasuredthe“ecologicalfootprint”ofhumanactivitiessuchasmarinefishing,harvestingtimber,buildinginfrastructureandburningfossilfuelswhichemitcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.

[6]. Researchersthenusedgovernmentdataandvariousestimatetodeterminehowmuchlandwouldberequiredtomeethumandemandforthoseactions.

[7]. Wackernagelandhisteamfoundthateachperson，in1999,consumedanaverageof2.3hectares.Theglobalaveragewassignificantlylowerthanthatinindustrializedcountries.TheUnitedStates,forexample,consumed9.6hectarespercentin1999,comparedwiththeUnitedKingdom,5.3hectares.

[8]. InordertodevelopaformulathatmeasureshumanresourcesconsumptionandtheEarth’sregenerativecapacity，theresourceswereforcedtomakeseveralassumptionsandomittheuseofsomeresourcesbecauseofinsufficientdata.Still,thefindingsrevealedthatthecurrentuseofresourceswasunsustainableandisoutstrippingtheEarth’ssupplycapacity.

ListeningTask1

1.C

2.B

3.B

4.D

5.C

ListeningTask2

1.wood,energyandland

2.environmentalconservationanditseconomics

3.reinintheoveruseofnaturalresources

4.apileofmoneyanyonecangrabwiththeireyesclosed

5.marinefishing,harvestingtimber,buildinginfrastructure

LanguageFollow-Up

6.surpass,excel,overtake,outstrip

7.nonfiction,nonhuman,nonsense,nonuse,nonviolence,nonstop

8.increaserapidly,risequickly,ascend,climb,skyrocket

9.show,demonstrate,exhibit,expose,display,illustrate

PartC

Topic:

HeartAttackRiskRaisedbyAirPollution—aScienceReport

Goal:

togetabasicideaofthethreatairpollutionposestopeople’shealth

KeyWordsandExpressions:

cubicmeter:

ametricunitofvolumeorcapacityequalto1000liters

elevate—elevator:

lift

HeartAttackRiskRaisedbyAirPollution

—aScienceReport

 [1].Whileitiswellknownthatthequalityoffoodsweingestaffectshearthealthoverthelonghaul，thereisalsomoreevidencethatqualityofairwebreatheinfluencesheartattackriskintheshortterm.

[2].Airpollution,researchersreport,cantriggeraheartattackonvulnerablepeoplewithinhoursofexposure.Inastudyof772Bostonareaheartattackpatients,investigatorsfoundthat patientsweremorelikelytosufferfromanattackwithinhoursofair-pollutionspikesinthecity.Thestudyrevealedthatexposuretoahigh leveloftinyairpollutants,suchasthosespewedintotheenvironmentduringrush-hourtraffic，temporarilyraisedpatients’heartattackriskbyabout50%to70%.Asubstantialspikeinairpollutionin2to24hoursbeforepatients’symptomssetinappearedtoelevateheartattackrisk.

[3].Olderpeoplewithinriskfactorsforheartattack,suchashighbloodpressureordiabetes,shouldlistentothepollutionalertsthatmanynewsstationsbroadcast.Theywouldbewelladvisedtoavoidoutsideactivityonthosehot,hazydayswhenpollutionlevelisespeciallyhigh.Ifpossible,individualsatriskshouldremaininair-conditionedenvironments,sincefine-particlespollutioncanpenetratedindoorsandpersistathighlevelsunlessfilteredout.Previousresearchhadsuggestedheavy-pollutiondaystakeatollontheheart,notonlyincreasingheartattackrisk,butalsoraisingbloodpressure,acceleratingheartrateandcausingproblemswithimplantedheartdefibrillators.

[4].Basedonthatearlierresearch,theEnvironmentProtectionAgency（EPA）setstandardin1997formeasurementofparticles.Now,however,theagencystipulatesthatnooneshallbeexposed,overa