定语从句专练.docx
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定语从句专练
定语从句专练
定义：
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.
主句：
Themanisapoliceman.
从句：
whoisshakinghandswithmyfather.用来修饰先行词theman
关系词who在定语从句中作主语
Thefilmwhichtheywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.
主句：
Thefilmwasnotinterestingatall.
从句：
whichtheywenttoseelastnight用来修饰先行词thefilm
关系词which在定语从句中作宾语
Thereasonwhyhefailedtheexaminationisthathehadnotmadeanypreparationforit.
主句：
Thereasonisthathehadnotmadeanypreparationforit.
从句：
whyhefailedtheexamination用来修饰先行词thereason
关系词why在定语从句中作原因状语
关系代词
who
代表人，在从句中作主语，不能省略
whom
代表人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略
which
代表物，作从句的主语、宾语或介词宾语，引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，作限制性定语从句宾语时可省略
that
代表人或物，作从句的主语或宾语，只引导限制性定语从句，作宾语时可省略
whose
代表人或物，在从句中作定语，不能省略
as
代表人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，常与same,such搭配，不能省略
关系副词
when
先行词是表示时间的词
where
先行词是表示地点的词
why
先行词是reason
1.Thebook_______isnowoutofstock.
A.whichheboughtitlastweekB.whichheboughtlastweek
C.whichboughtlastweekD.hehadbought
2.Thepolicemanwastalkingtothedriver_________.
A.whobrokethespeedlimitB.whichbrokethespeedlimit
C.whosespeedlimitbrokeD.whybrokethespeedlimit
3.Ithinkthedaywillfinallycome______airpollutioncanbeputundercontrol.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.as
4.Thecrimeraterisesincities_____theunemploymentrateincreases.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.that
5.Thegoal______hehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.A.afterwhichB.forwhichC.atwhichD.withwhich
6.Thisisthereason______theelectroniccomputercannotentirelyreplaceman.A.howB.thatC.becauseD.why
7.Thatissuchaheavystone______nobodycanlift.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.what
8.Thisistheship______wecrossedthePacific.
A.bywhichB.bythatC.whereD.inwhich
9.Myhometownisnolongerthesame______itusedtobe.
A.whichB.asC.whereD.when
10.Thisisthestore______wevisitedthefamousshopassistant.
A.whereB.thereC.thatD.which
11.Theboy_____compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.
A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which
12.Thetemple______wevisitedlastweekistheone____thefamouschemistwasborn.
A./,whereB.which,thatC.where,whereD.where,that
1—12BACCBDBDBABA
分类:
限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式上
不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上
是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上
译成先行词的定语：
“．．．的”
通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上
A．作宾语时可省略
B．可用that
C．可用who代替whom
A．不可省略
B．不用that
C．不可用who代替whom
非限制性定语从句
1.Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
主句：
Hismotherisstrictwithhim
从句：
wholoveshimverymuch用来修饰先行词hismother
关系词who在定语从句中作主语
注意：
定语从句与主句用逗号隔开，去掉定从不影响句意；翻译为：
他妈妈很爱他，对他要求严格。
2.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
3.LastsummerIvisitedthePeople’sGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.
inwhich指代inthehall,在从句中作地点状语，注意：
in一定不可少。
1.Someoftheroadswereflooded,______madeourjourneymoredifficult.
A.whichB.thatC.itD.as
2.ProfessorSmith,_____isacomputerprofessorfromAmerica,isnowteachinginouruniversity.
A.asB.whomC.whoD.which
3.Tomdidn’tgototheparty,______isapity,
A.asB.whichC.thatD.it
4.Theyhavemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofgreatimportancetoscience.
A.whichIthinkisB.ofwhichIthinkis
C.IthinkwhichisD.WhichIthinkis
1—4ACBA
特别注意!
（1）
先行词有下列情况或附有下列修饰语时,通常关系代词that
1）先行词是all,nonone,everyone,everything,anything,something,much,little等不定代词修饰时；
2）先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级,以及all,every,no,some,any,little,much,thelast,thesame,theonly等词修饰时.
3）如果先行词中既含有表示人的名词又有表示物的名词时.
4）若主句中有疑问代词who,which为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which.
1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.
A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether
2.Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom
5.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfindeverything.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat
6.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_______.
A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaswritten
C.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.thathavewritten
7.Hewrotealettertome,tellingmeeverything______hesawonthewaytotheParis.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where
8.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
9.Isthereanything_____toyou?
A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.whichbelongsD.thatbelong
10.Thescientistandhisachievements______youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose
11.Whichofthebooks______wereborrowedfromhimisthebest?
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whose
1—11ABBBCABABBC
特别注意!
（2）
vas,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句,如都指前一句话的意思,二者可以互换.
vas引导的从句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如…..正象…”.一类的含义.与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等.记住以下结构：
vasiswellknown
vashasbeensaidbefore
vaswasexpected
vasweallcansee
vasmaybeimagined
vashasbeenalreadypointedout
v在thesame…as…,such…as…,so…as…中as引导的是限制性定语从句.
1.______wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.
A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As
2.Suchsigns_____weuseintheexperiment______Greekletters.
A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is
3.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,_____hedrankimmediately.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.who
4.Sheisverygoodatdance,____everybodyknows.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as
5.Itwasraining,_____wasapity.
A.whatB.thatC.thewhichD.which
6.______hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.
A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As
7.Wedothesamework_____theydo.
A.whichB.asC.thanD.like
8.Theearthisround,_____weallknow.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as
1—8DACDDDBD
特别注意!
（3）
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择（介词只与which和whom连用，which表示物，whom
表示人）。
方法一：
部分介词选择取决于定语从句中的动词，看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词（动词的固定搭配）
方法二：
部分介词取决于被定语从句修饰的先行词，将先行词带入从句，看选则哪个介词
方法三：
可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断，将先行词带入从句中（结合生活实际）
将“介词+先行词”带入定语从句
1.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding______thereisawell?
A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhose
C.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich
2.I’llneverforgettheday____IjoinedtheLeague.
A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich
3.Thewoman_____mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.
A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhom
4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,____sheborrowedanecklace.
A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom
5.Hisglasses,_____hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.
A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that
6.Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_____muchcanbelearned.
A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom
7.Hebuiltatelescope_____hecouldstudytheskies.
A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit
8.Doyouknowthereason____hewaslate?
A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich
9.Ihaveboughttwoball-pens,____writeswell.
A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem
10.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledbrokeoutin
1941.
A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich
11.Chinahasmanyrivers,____theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.
A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich
12.Thisistheveryknife_____Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.
A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich
1—12CABBCDCDBACD
介词填空：
13.Thespeed____whichyoudriveyourcarmustn’ttoohigh.
14.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour_____whichisbrightandnice.
15.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_____whichtherearemanypictures.
16.Whatwerethethings_______whichhewasnottoosure?
17.Theyheldameeting,____whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.
18.Thebook,_____whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.
19.Isthistheman____whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?
20.Thevillagersdugalongtunnel________whichtheycouldgotothefields
withoutbeingfoundbytheJapanesesoldiers.
21.WuDong,_____whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
22.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,_____whichthisisoneexample,arewell
written.
13.at14.of15in16.about17.at18.for19.in20through21.with
22of
特例！
极少数定语从句中出现了介词+关系副词from+where
1.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,_______kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.
A.fromthatB.fromhereC.fromthereD.fromwhere
2.Theystoodatthewindow,_____theycouldsee_washappeninginthestreet.
A.where;allB.which;all
C.fromwhere;whatD.fromwhich;that
特别注意!
（4）
v先行词是表示时间的词或短语，关系词不一定都是when,还是要分析它在从句中担当的语法成分
v先行词是表示地点的词或短语，关系词不一定都是where或介词+which,还是要分析它在从句中担当的语法成分
v先行词是reason,关系词不一定都用why
v先行词是time,前面如有序数词或last修饰，关系词用that（可省略）;但若前面无序数词或last,关系词既可用that,也可用when
v先行词为theway,表途径、方式时，关系词that（that可省略），inwhich皆可
1.ThemanagerhadtogotoBeijingonJune23,_____happenedtobehisonly
son’sbirthday.
A.whenB.whichC.thatD.while
将先行词“June23”带入定语从句：
June23happenedtobehisonlyson’sbirthday.可知关系词所指代的先行词在句中作主语。
2.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces_______couldn’tbefound.
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat
Theplacescouldn’tbefound.可知关系词所指代的先行词在句中作主语。
3.Thisisthereason______hehasalwaysbeeneagertoknowfortheseyears.A.whichB.whyC.forwhichD.because
Hehasalwaysbeeneagertoknowthereasonfortheseyea
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