计算机英语第3版课后答案.docx

计算机英语第3版课后答案.docx

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计算机英语第3版课后答案

计算机英语（第3版）课后答案

课后答案：

UnitOne/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdaByron2.input;output3.VLSI4.workstations;mainframes5.vacuum;transistors6.instructions;software7.digit;eight;byte8.microminiaturization;chipII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.artificialintelligence人工智能2.paper-tapereader纸带阅读器3.opticalcomputer光计算机4.neuralnetwork神经网络5.instructionset指令集6.parallelprocessing并行处理7.differenceengine差分机8.versatilelogicalelement通用逻辑元件9.siliconsubstrate硅衬底10.vacuumtube真空管11.数据的存储与处理thestorageandhandlingofdata12.超大规模集成电路verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit13.中央处理器centralprocessingunit14.个人计算机personalcomputer15.模拟计算机analoguecomputer16.数字计算机digitalcomputer17.通用计算机general-purposecomputer1

18.处理器芯片processorchip19.操作指令operatinginstructions20.输入设备inputdeviceIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:

Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.Theycanalsobeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomputers,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse（forexample,theageofthemachine）beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer’sspeed,size,cost,andabilities.Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoricsignificance,suchasUNIVAC（通用自动计算机）,introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplacedtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchasmicrocomputers,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachestocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing.2

IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。

语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。

虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。

人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行操作的计算。

这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。

科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。

还有一些限制与甚至最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。

UnitTwo:

ComputerArchitectureUnitTwo/SectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.input;output;storage2.BasicInput/OutputSystem3.flatbedscanners;hand-heldscanners4.LCD-based5.dot-matrixprinters;inkjetprinters6.diskdrives;memory7.volatile8.serial;parallelII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.functionkey功能键，操作键2.voicerecognitionmodule语音识别模块3.touch-sensitiveregion触敏区4.addressbus地址总线3

5.flatbedscanner平板扫描仪6.dot-matrixprinter点阵打印机（针式打印机）7.parallelconnection并行连接8.cathoderaytube阴极射线管9.videogame电子游戏10.audiosignal音频信号11.操作系统operatingsystem12.液晶显示（器）LCD（liquidcrystaldisplay）13.喷墨打印机inkjetprinter14.数据总线databus15.串行连接serialconnection16.易失性存储器volatilememory17.激光打印机laserprinter18.磁盘驱动器diskdrive19.基本输入/输出系统BIOS（BasicInput/OutputSystem）20.视频显示器videodisplayIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:

CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiscread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,whichusemagneticchargestorepresent1sand0s,opticaldiscsusereflectedlight.OnaCD-ROMdisc,1sand0sarerepresentedbyflatareasandbumpy（高低不平的）areas（called“pits”）onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiscisreadbyalaserthatprojectsatinybeamoflightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhetherthearearepresentsa1ora0.LikeacommercialCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMisa“read-only”disc.Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,youasauserhave4

accessonlytothedataimprinted（压印）bythepublisher.AsingleCD-ROMdisccanstore650megabytes（兆字节）ofdata.Thatisequivalentto451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonasingledisc,thetimetoretrieveoraccesstheinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROMdrivesistheiraccessrate.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。

计算机使用的是数字信号，这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列1和0表示。

模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是模拟信号的一个例子。

调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。

调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。

信号到达目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。

如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。

UnitThree:

ComputerLanguageandProgrammingUnitThree/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.artificial;instructions2.low-level;high-level3.machine4.machine5.functional;logic6.statement7.module8.digitalII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

5

1.storageregister存储寄存器2.functionstatement函数语句3.programstatement程序语句4.object-orientedlanguage面向对象语言5.assemblylanguage汇编语言6.intermediatelanguage中间语言，中级语言7.relationallanguage关系（型）语言8.artificiallanguage人工语言9.datadeclaration数据声明10.SQL结构化查询语言11.可执行程序executableprogram12.程序模块programmodule13.条件语句conditionalstatement14.赋值语句assignmentstatement15.逻辑语言logiclanguage16.机器语言machinelanguage17.函数式语言functionallanguage18.程序设计语言programminglanguage19.运行计算机程序runacomputerprogram20.计算机程序员computerprogrammerIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:

Aprogramminglanguageisalanguageusedtowriteinstructionsforthecomputer.Itletstheprogrammerexpressdataprocessinginasymbolicmannerwithoutregardtomachine-specificdetails.Thedifficultyofwritingprogramsinthemachinelanguageof0sand1sledfirsttothedevelopmentofassemblylanguage,whichallowsprogrammerstousemnemonics（助6

记符）forinstructionsandsymbolsforvariables.Suchprogramsarethentranslatedbyaprogramknownasanassemblerintothebinaryencodingusedbythecomputer.Otherpiecesofsystemsoftwareknownaslinkingloaders（连接装入程序）combinepiecesofassembledcodeandloadthemintothemachine’smainmemoryunit,wheretheyarethenreadyforexecution.Theconceptoflinkingseparatepiecesofcodewasimportant,sinceitallowed“libraries”ofprogramstobebuiltuptocarryoutcommontasks—afirststeptowardtheincreasinglyemphasizednotionofsoftwarereuse.Assemblylanguagewasfoundtobesufficientlyinconvenientthathigher-levellanguages（closertonaturallanguages）wereinventedinthe1950sforeasier,fasterprogramming;alongwiththemcametheneedforcompilers,programsthattranslatehigh-levellanguageprogramsintomachinecode.Asprogramminglanguagesbecamemorepowerfulandabstract,buildingefficientcompilersthatcreatehigh-qualitycodeintermsofexecutionspeedandstorageconsumptionbecameaninterestingcomputerscienceprobleminitself.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

面向对象程序设计语言，如C++和Java，基于传统的高级语言，但它们使程序设计员能够从合作对象集而非命令列表的角度进行思考。

诸如圆之类的对象具有像圆7

的半径一类的属性，以及在计算机屏幕上绘制该对象的命令。

一个对象类可以从其他的对象类继承特征。

例如，定义正方形的类可以从定义长方形的类那里继承直角等特征。

这一套程序设计类简化了程序设计员的工作，带来了更多“可复用的”计算机代码。

可复用代码使程序设计员可以使用已经设计、编写和测试的代码。

这使得程序设计员的工作变得比较容易，并带来更加可靠和高效的程序。

UnitFour:

SoftwareDevelopmentUnitFour/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.application;operating2.assemblers3.compiler4.interpreter5.debugger6.loop7.devicedriver8.JohnvonNeumannII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

1.inferenceengine推理机2.systemcall系统调用3.compiledlanguage编译执行的语言4.parallelcomputing并行计算5.patternmatching模式匹配6.memorylocation存储单元7.interpreterprogram解释程序8

8.libraryroutine库程序，程序库例行程序9.intermediateprogram中间程序，过渡程序10.sourcefile源文件11.解释执行的语言interpretedlanguage12.设备驱动程序devicedriver13.源程序sourceprogram14.调试程序debuggingprogram15.目标代码objectcode16.应用程序applicationprogram17.实用程序utilityprogram18.逻辑程序logicprogram19.墨盒inkcartridge20.程序的存储与执行programstorageandexecutionIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:

Acompiler,incomputerscience,isacomputerprogramthattranslatessourcecodeintoobjectcode.Softwareengineerswritesourcecodeusinghigh-levelprogramminglanguagesthatpeoplecanunderstand.Computerscannotdirectlyexecutesourcecode,butneedacompilertotranslatetheseinstructionsintoalow-levellanguagecalledmachinecode.Compilerscollectandreorganize（compile）alltheinstructionsinagivensetofsourcecodetoproduceobjectcode.Objectcodeisoftenthesameasorsimilartoacomputer’smachinecode.Iftheobjectcodeisthesameasthemachinelanguage,thecomputercanruntheprogramimmediatelyafterthecompilerproducesitstranslation.Iftheobjectcodeisnot9

inmachinelanguage,otherprograms—suchasassemblers,binders（联编程序）,linkers,andloaders（加载程序）—finishthetranslation.Mostcomputerlanguagesusedifferentversionsofcompilersfordifferenttypesofcomputersoroperatingsystems,soonelanguagemayhavedifferentcompilersforpersonalcomputers（PC）andAppleMacintoshcomputers.Manydifferentmanufacturersoftenproduceversionsofthesameprogrammingla