北京市最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题含答案.docx
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北京市最新高考英语阅读理解复习题含答案
北京市最新高考英语阅读理解复习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
DemandfortheChinesetechcompany'sdevices(设备)isredhoteventhoughthecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingsmallerHuawei'sChinasalesrocketedmorethan20%inthefinalquarterof2018,andexpertssaythat'spartlyduetotheUSgovernment'sglobalcampaignagainstthecompany.
“ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism(爱国主义)inChineseconsumers,saidJusyHong,ananalystatresearchfirmIHSMarkit.
HepointedoutthatsomeChinesecompaniesencouragedemployeestobuyHuaweiphoneslatelastyear.Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.
Huawei'sboomingsalesshowhowmajorpartsofitsbusinesscontinuetoincreaseevenastheUnitedStatestriestopersuadeothercountriestoshutHuaweiproductsoutof5Gwirelessnetworksandpursues(追究)criminalchargesagainstit.ThecompanyexpectstoovertakeSamsungastheworld'sbiggestsmartphonemakerbynextyear.
Huaweisold30millionphonesinChinainthelastthreemonthsof2018,nearlythreetimesasmanyasApple(AAPL),accordingtodatapublishedthisweekbyresearchfirmsCanalysandIDC.Apple'ssalesplungedalmost20%.
Huawei'ssuccessinChina,theworld'slargestsmartphonemarket,ismorethanaboutgeopolitics(地缘政治).Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-end-phonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.Andbyofferingaselectionofcheaperphones,Huaweiisabletotargetabiggermarket.
ItalsobenefitedfromthetroublesthisyearatZTE(ZTCOF),arivalChinesesmartphoneandtelecommunicationsequipmentmaker.ZTEwasbannedbytheUSgovernmentfrombuyingvitalAmericanpartsformonthslastyear.
(1)WhydidHuawei'sChinasalesincreasegreatlyaccordingtothearticle?
A. Becausethecompany'sdevicesarealwayspopularworldwide.
B. BecauseChineseconsumers'patriotismwasaroused.
C. BecausethegovernmentencouragespeopletobuyHuaweidevices.
D. Becausethecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingbigger.
(2)Whatcanweconcludefromthethirdparagraph?
A. Huawei'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadaduetotheUS'srequest.
B. AllChinesecompaniesshowedtheirsupporttoHuaweiwiththeirpurchase.
C. JusyHongthoughttheUnitedStatesarrestedHuawei'schieffinancialofficer.
D. JusyHongthoughtthearrestofHuawei'schieffinancialofficerisunfair.
(3)Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwordinthefifthparagraph?
A. increasedgreatlyby.
B. reducedgreatlyto.
C. droppedgreatlyby.
D. remainedsteady.
(4)WhyisHuawei'ssuccessinChinamorethanaboutgeopolitics?
A. BecauseHuaweihasthelargestsmartphonemarketintheworld.
B. BecauseHuawei'ssuccessisonlylimitedwithinChinamainland.
C. BecauseHuaweihastheabilitytotargetabiggermarketintheworld.
D. BecauseChineseconsumersarequitesatisfiedwithHuaweismartphones.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)C
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了华为公司在手机市场日益缩小的中国仍然火爆的原因。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism(爱国主义)inChineseconsumers,"可知中国消费者的爱国主义被唤起,华为在中国的销售量大增。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.”可知华为的首席财务官因美国的要求在加拿大被捕。
故选A。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据上文可知华为手机销量大增而苹果手机销量大跌,故推测此处“plunged”意为销量下降。
故选C。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-endphonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.”可知中国消费者对华为的智能手机很满意。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
AnexperimentalcleanupdevicecalledRemoveDEBRIShassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummy(仿真的)satellite,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.
Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:
junkinspace.
Millionsofpiecesofjunkareturningaroundinorbittheresultof50yearsofspacetravelandfewregulationstokeepspaceclean.Atorbitalspeeds,evenasmallbitofpaintcrashingwithasatellitecancausecriticaldamage.
Variouscompanieshaveplanstosendthousandsofnewsatellitesintolow-Earthorbit,alreadythemostcrowdedarea.
TheRemoveDEBRISexperimentisrunbyacompanyandresearchersledbytheU.K.'sSurreySpaceCenterandincludesAirbus,Airbus-ownedSurreySatelliteTechnologyLtd.andFrance'sArianeGroup.
GuglielmoAglietti,thedirectorofSurreySpaceCenter,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.
TheRemoveDEBRISsatellitewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecomingmonths,includingtestingnavigationfeaturesthatcouldhelpguidethesatellitetoaspecificpieceofdebris.
JonathanMcDowell,anastrophysicistattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,saidthesuccessofthisweek'sexperimentwasexciting,buthecautionedagainst"over-publicizing"it.
Therearestillenormousbarrierstoclearbeforeoperationalcleanuptasksareunderway,hesaid,andthemostdiscouragingisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.
Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDEBRISproject,said"Thechallengewilllieinpersuadingtherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks."AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.
(1)WhatistheuseoftheRemoveDEBRISsatellite?
A. Demonstratingspacetechnology.
B. Imitatingadevelopingtechnique.
C. Collectingwastesexistinginspace.
D. Symbolizinggreatprogressinspace.
(2)HowdoestheRemoveDEBRlSsatellitework?
A. Bythrowinganettotakethejunkfromorbit.
B. Byfasteningittothemainsatellitetightly.
C. Bydraggingsatellitesupto10meterslong.
D. Bytargetinglargepiecesofjunkcarefully.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sponsor"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?
A. Accomplish.
B. Support.
C. Oppose.
D. Provide.
(4)What'sthebesttitleforthetext?
A. TheRemoveDEBRISProjectIsPerfect
B. HowRemoveDEBRISIsInventedintheLab
C. WhytheRemoveDEBRISSatelliteIsInvented
D. SatelliteCollectsSpaceJunkfortheFirstTime
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了“卫星首次收集太空垃圾。
”一种名为“清除碎片”的实验清理设备成功地在一颗虚拟卫星周围撒网,模仿一种有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技术。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中“...,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.”模仿一种有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技术。
可知,theRemoveDEBRIS卫星的用途是收集太空中存在的废物。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第六段中的“...,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.“该公司表示,一种操作性版本的RemoveDEBRlS技术将会在主卫星上撒网,这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。
它可以瞄准大块的垃圾,包括长达10米的报废卫星。
”可知,RemoveDEBRlS卫星是通过撒网把垃圾带离轨道。
故选A。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据最后一段中的”AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.“Aglietti说,他希望清理碎片的工作每年能进行几次,目标是最拥挤轨道上最大的垃圾碎片。
可知,“挑战在于说服有关当局赞助这些任务。
”可知,划线词的意思是“支持”。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第二段中的”Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:
junkinspace.“专家告诉CNN,本周进行的这次测试被广泛认为是太空清洁技术的首次成功演示。
它象征着解决太空垃圾这一关键问题的第一步。
可知,本文主题是“卫星首次收集太空垃圾”。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断,词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Itseemseverymajorcityandtownaroundtheworldhostsanannualmarathon,withthousandsofathletesrunningagruelling42.1kilometres.Whilemanyrunners'motivationistobeattheirpersonalbestandcrossthefinishinglinewithoutcollapsing,they'realsodoingitforagoodcause—togeneratefundsforcharity.Butlikeothermajorevents,themarathonalsogeneratesamassivecarbonfootprint.Thousandstravel—somebyplane—tothelocation,andwastefromfoodpackagingandgoodybagsgetsleftbehindbyspectatorsandrunners.Thisisbecomingabigissueforcities—howtohostaworthwhileevent,encouragingpeopletoexerciseandhelpcharities,whileprotectingtheenvironment?
Severalcitieshavedevelopedformalplanstoreducetheirenvironmentalimpactandpromotesustainable(可持续的)ideas.OneeventinWales,forexample,introducedrecyclingforoldrunningkit.
It'ssomethingthatthisyear'sLondonMarathontriedtotacklebyreducingthenumberofdrinkstationsontherunningroute,givingoutwaterinpapercupsandofferingsomedrinksineatableseaweedcapsules.Theyalsotriallednewbottlebeltsmadefromrecycledplasticso700runnerscouldcarrywaterbottleswiththemduringtheirrun.LondonMarathoneventdirectorHughBrasnertoldtheBBC:
"Therearealotofinitiatives(倡议)weareusingthisyearthatwethinkwillleadtosomehugebehaviouralchangesin