考研英语阅读unit15.docx

考研英语阅读unit15.docx

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考研英语阅读unit15

Unit15

Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.

心之所愿，无所不成。

学习内容

题材

词数

建议时间

得分统计

做题备忘

PartA

Text1

科普知识

429

/10

Text2

社会生活

458

/10

Text3

文化教育

454

/10

Text4

商业经济

415

/10

PartB

文化教育

633

/10

PartC

文化教育

454

/10

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].

Text1

Thevideogameposesaworld—amuchsimplerworldthanourown,whereinsuccessisveryclearlydefinedand,foratime,clearlyattainable.Throughpractice,aplayercancontrolthisworldforawhile.Hecanescapefromtheanxietiesofreallifeintoaplacewherehisownactionsalwayscount,wherehecanbeahero.Whenthegameisover,hehasn’tlostorbeenbeaten.Isasurferbeatenwhenhefliesfromawave?

Mostvideogamescallforsomesemblanceofhand-eyecoordination,andsomehospitalsarenowusingtheminrehabilitationprogramsforbrain-damagedpatients.Ithasbeenfoundthatsomepatientswhowereotherwisethoughttobeunreachablehavebeen“broughtout”throughtheiruse.Moreover,experimentalresearchisnowbeingconductedregardingthefeasibilityofvideogamesasatestfordrunkendriving.Intoxicantsacttoslowreactiontimeandimpaircoordination—andnowhereisthiskindofimpairmentmoremeasurablethanonthevideogameplayfield.Somedayapoorshowingat“Six-PackMan”maycostyouyourlicense.

Videogamesforthemicrocomputerarenotrestrictedtomere“twitch”games,however.Strategygamesareatlastaspopular,andamongthesearetheso-called“fantasyrole-playing”adventures.Thesegamesallowtheplayertoconstructawholenewpersonality,choosingstrengthsandweaknessesfromalistofpossiblecharactertraits.

Nowadays,moreandmoreadolescentsarecrowdedinelectronicgamehousesforwholedaystoexperiencewhattheyperceivetobeexcitement.Intheduecourse,theytraintheirabilitiesinconfrontingwithnewsituations,andwhat’smore,theylearnhowtocommunicatewiththeirtargetedrivals,inanovelandfriendlyway.Butthereissuchalargeamountofcriticismconcerningtheelectronicgamesthattheyaregenerallyseenasavilewaysofdiscoveringhostilityandbelligerence.Andthemanagersofsuchbusinessesareseverelycriticizedbytheschoolsandparentsalike.Ontheotherhand,thisbusinessseemsneverfading,butinsteaditbecomesasuccessinmanyplaces,evenitisstrictlycontrolledbycertainpolicies.

Onemightchoose,forinstance,acharacterwhoisextremelydexterousandswift,butthesepositivetraitsmustbetradedoffagainstothers,suchasstrengthandendurance.Playershaveatendencytobecomeextremelyattachedtotheircharacters.Mypreferencerunstowardbrawnasopposedtobrain,whichprobablyreflectssomecompromisebetweenrealityandmyowndesires.I’malsoattachedtoextrasensorypowers,whicharelikewisedeniedtomeintherealworld.

1.Accordingtothetext,thevideogameplayercan

[A]besuccessfulinhislifeifsuccessisclearlydefined.

[B]controltheworldofourownforatime.

[C]forgetabouttheuneasinessofreallifeforawhile.

[D]neverlosethegamewhenheplaysahero.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat“Six-PackMan”

[A]isakindofvideogame.[B]costsyoualotofmoney.

[C]isdangeroustopublicmorals.[D]helpsconductexperiment.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatvideogamescanimprove

[A]extrasensorypowers.[B]personalitiesandcharacters.

[C]physicalandmentalpower.[D]cooperationbetweenhandsandeyes.

4.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat

[A]videogamescreateaworldwhichreflectourreallife.

[B]videogamescontributetoteenagers’hostilityandbelligerence.

[C]morevideogamesshouldbedevelopedregardingthebenefitsofthem.

[D]videogamesmirrorabalancebetweenrealityandourownwishes.

5.Accordingtothetest,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

[A]Videogameshavebeenusedinthetestfordrunkendriving.

[B]Videogamescanhelphealingbrain-damage.

[C]It’snogoodfortheyouthtoplayvideogames.

[D]Somevideogamesallowconstructingperfectpersonalities.

Text2

Foravarietyofreasons,travelmedicineinBritainisaresponsibilitynobodywants.Asaresult,manytravelersgoabroadillpreparedtoavoidseriousdisease.

Whyistravelmedicinesounloved?

Partlythere’sanidentityproblem.Becauseittakesaninterestinanythingthatimpingesonthehealthoftravelers,thisemergingmedicalspecialisminvariablycutsacrossthetraditionaldisciplines.Itdelvesintoeverythingfromseasickness,jetlagandthehazardsofcamelstomalariaandplague.Buttravelmedicinehasamoreseriousobstacletoovercome.Travelclinicsaremeanttotellpeoplehowtoavoidendingupdeadorinatropicaldiseaseshospitalwhentheycomehome,butitisnotoriouslydifficulttogetanybodypayoutmoneyforkeepingpeoplehealthy.

Travelmedicinehasalsobeencolonizedbycommercialinterests—thevastmajorityoftravelclinicsinBritainarerunbyairlinesortravelcompanies.Andwhiletravelconcernsarehappytosellprofitableinjections,theymaybelesskeentospreadbadnewsabouttravelersdiarrheainTurkey,ortotakethetimetospelloutpreventivemeasurestravelerscouldtake.“TheNHSfindsitdifficulttodefinetravelershealth,”saysRonBehrens,theonlyNHSconsultantintravelandtropicalmedicineanddirectorofthetravelclinicoftheHospitalforTropicalDiseasesinLondon.“ShoulditcomewithintheNHSorshoulditbepaidfor?

It’sagrayarea,andopinionissplit.Nooneseemstohaveanyresponsibilityfordefiningitsrole,”hesays.

Tocompounditslowstatusinthemedicalhierarchy,travelmedicinehastorelyonstatisticsthatarepatchyatbest.Inmostcaseswejustdon’tknowhowmanyBritonscontractdiseaseswhenabroad.Andevenifadiseaseislinkedtotravelthereisrarelyanyinformationaboutwherethoseafflictedwent,whattheyate,howtheybehaved,orwhichvaccinationstheyhad.Thisshortageofhardfactsandfiguresmakesitdifficulttogivedetailedadvicetopeople,informationthatmightevensavetheirlives.

ArecentleaderintheBritishMedicalJournalargued:

“Travelmedicinewillemergeasacredibledisciplineonlyiftherisksencounteredbytravelersandtherelativebenefitsofpublichealthinterventionsarewelldefinedintermsoftheirrelativeoccurrence,distributionandcontrol.”Exactlyhowmuchmoneyiswastedbypoortraveladvice?

Therealfigureisanybody’sguess,butitcouldeasilyrunintomillions.Behrensgivesoneexample.Britainspendsmorethan1millioneachyearjustoncholeravaccinesthatoftendon’tworkandsogivepeopleafalsesenseofsecurity,“Informationonthepreventionandtreatmentofallformsofdiarrheawouldbeabetterpriority,”hesays.

6.TravelmedicineinBritainis

[A]notsomethinganyonewantstorun.[B]theresponsibilityofnobody.

[C]administeredbythegovernment.[D]handledadequatelybytravelagents.

7.Travelcompaniesdealwithtravelmedicineto

[A]preventpeoplefromfallingill.[B]makemoneyoutofit.

[C]givetravelerspreventivemeasures.[D]getthegovernmenttopayforit.

8.Theword“colonize”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto

[A]establishacolony.[B]transplant.[C]invade.[D]transform.

9.InBehren’sopinionthequestionthatwhoshouldruntravelmedicine

[A]isforthegovernmenttodecide.[B]shouldbelefttospecialisthospitals.

[C]canbelefttotravelcompanies.[D]hasnoclearandsimpleanswer.

10.Peoplewillonlythinkbetteroftravelmedicineif

[A]itisgivenmoreresourcesbythegovernmentandtheNHS.

[B]moreaccurateinformationonitsvalueisavailable.

[C]thegovernmenttakesoverresponsibilityfromtheNHS.

[D]travelerspaymoreattentiontotheadvicetheyget.

Text3

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocesstothinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.

Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands,onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha!

”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuit