英语语音之发音篇.docx

英语语音之发音篇.docx

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英语语音之发音篇

英语语音之发音篇

TheEnglishpurevowelscanbeclassifiedaccordingto

1.theheightoftheraisedpartofthetongue

2.thepositionofthelips

thefrontvowels（前元音）

/i:

/:

前元音，是字母ea，ee，ie或ei在单词中的发音。

此音是长元音，一定注意把音发足。

其发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于/i/口形扁平。

Pleasereadit.

Pleasekeepitasecret.

EveisPeter’sniece.

Doyouseethegreenleavesofeachtreeinthefield?

Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.

Whereareyougoingtobeatthree?

Whereareyougoingtobe?

Meetmeintheevening.

Meetmeinthestreet.

MeetmeinFleetStreet.

Meetmeatthree.

/i/舌位:

前舌的后方,舌端抵下齿.和汉语不同,普通话中没有一个和[i]相同的音.这个音的特点将前舌的后部抬得很高,不然容易发成[e];[i]是个很松弛的音,口腔肌肉过分紧张就会发成[i:

]

发音要领的是：

舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形偏平。

•1）it,sit,bit,fit,big,pig,kick,pick,give,live,kiss,miss,ill,fill,sink,think,rich,which,fish,wish

•2）city,pretty,busy,visit,limit,minute,willing,filling,begin,belong,delay,desire,remain,returnsecure,prefer,present,elect,event,explain,extreme

•3）abigclinic,abigdictionary,abitchilly,abitdizzy,fixit,finishit,finishitquickly,givehimsix,bitbybit,littlebylittle,prettybusy,sixtywoman

/e/该音是个前元音，是字母e或ea在单词中的发音。

发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比/i:

/低；唇形中长，开口度比/i:

/大。

•1）get,debt,yet,wet,neck,check,bed,dead,egg,beg,pen,ten,tell,fell,best,text,next,spend,friend

•2）any,many,very,ever,never,seven,heaven,metal,gentle,yellow,fellow,section,question,attend,accept,forget,correct,collect,connect

•3）/e—i/pet—pit;fell—fill;set—sit;when—win;hell—hill;dead—did;tent—tint;peg—pig;lest—list

1）seat;sit;set

2）leap;lip

3）beat;bit;bet

4）miss;mess

5）feel;fill;felt

6）eat;it;ate

/æ/是短元音。

是字母a在重读闭音节中的发音。

发音时舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比/e/更低；双唇平伸。

•1）cap;map;fat;hat;bad;mad;back;lack;carry;marry;fancy;carriage;manage;matter;pattern;handle;anxious;annual;avenue;salary;practical;practical

•2）/æ–e/bag,beg;gas,guess;mat,met;sad,said;bad,bed;land,lend;sand,send;pack,peck;ham,hem;pan,pen;lad,led

Afactisafact.

Hangyourcaponthestand.

Fancythat!

Catchthatmadblackcat.

Thankyouforthestamp.

Don’tletthecatoutofthebag.

Handsomeisashandsomedoes.

æ-e

Thisbedisbad.

Thisisabadpen.

Iguesstheywantgas.

Canyoubedthatironband?

Whatdaddysaidmademesad.

ImetalittleboyJack

Whocamefromanotherland.

Icouldn’tspeakhislanguage,

ButItookhimbythehand.

Thecentralvowel

/ə:

/and/ə/arecentralvowel.

/ə:

/occursonlyinstressedsyllables;but

/ə/isaschwawhichismostfrequentlyusedvowelinEnglish.

Noothervowel,withtheexceptionoftheotherreducedvowel,/I/and/ə/,isasimportanttoanunderstandingoftheEnglishsoundsystemandthewayitfunctionsinunstressedsyllables.

Pronunciationtip

•NativespeakersofEnglishoftenuseschwa（ [ʃwɑ:

]英语中非重读音节的元音）vowelin:

•Unstressedsyllables

•Fort—comfort;progress—production;lace—necklace;necessity—necessary;late—chocolate;valid—validity

•Reductions,especiallyininformalconversations

•Theoldmanhasgotmuchmoney.

•Iwenttocinemajustforfun.

Backvowels:

（后元音）/a:

//ɔ//ɔ:

//u//u:

/

/a:

/该音是个后元音,是字母组合ar的读音,也是字母a在ss,st,th等字母前面的读音。

/a:

/是长元音。

发音时口张大,舌身压低并后缩,后舌稍隆起,舌尖不抵下齿。

双唇稍收圆。

1）arm,art,cart,hard,fast,last,glace,chance,class,glass,harsh,march

2）army,party,after,rather,castle,parcel,market,basket,garden,pardon,carpet,drama,regard,demand,command,depart,advance,remark,papa

/ɔ/该音是个短元音，是字母o在重读闭音节单词中的读音。

发音时口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩，双唇稍稍收圆。

1）top,shop,what,hot,God,rod,lock,rock,wash,watch,song,long,cost,lost,spot,stop,block,clock

2）copy,coffee,body,sorry,offer,honor,model,bottle,college,orange,knowledge,hollow,swallow,doctor,concert,occupy,hospital,possible,quality,quantity,property,policy,October,whatever,tomorrow

Theclockhasstopped.

Copythesong,it’snotlong.

Losttimeisneverfoundagain.

Lotsandlotsofclocksandwatcheshavegonewrong.

•/ɔ:

/该音是个后元音,是字母o,or,al,oar,our或oor在单词中的发音。

它是长元音。

发音时舌后部抬得比/ɔ/,双唇收得更圆更小,并向前突出。

•1）saw,law,ought,bought,talk,board,lord

2）story,forty,water,daughter,always,almost,portrait,forward,quarter,porter

Pridegoesbeforeafall.

Georgesawasawhangingonthewall.

HewasbornonAugustthefourteenth,nineteenforty-four.

/u/该音是个后元素，是英语字母u,oo或ou等在单词中的发音。

/u/是短元音。

发音时舌后部抬起,舌身后缩,舌尖离开下齿。

双唇收圆,稍突出。

1）put,foot,cook,look,book,took

2）should,cold,would,push,woman,sugar,bushel,football,good-bye,cuckoo,manhood

3）looksgood,agoodcook,lookatthecook,tooksomesugar,agood-lookingwoman

/u:

/该音是个后元音，是字母oo或ou在单词中的发音。

它是长元音。

发音时舌后部尽量抬起，舌位比/u/高。

双唇收圆并突出。

口形比/u/稍小。

1）too,do,shoe,who,you,food,fool,tooth,youth,choose,moon,soon,cool

2）duty,beauty,music,future,pupil,student,excuse,produce,opportunity,university

3）anewschool,anewsuit,hugespoons,beautifulmusic,abluemoon,agroupofstudents,whoseshoes,amusicschool

Don’tlosetheopportunity.

Chooseeitherbootsorshoes.

Whosaidthesoupwastoocool?

Yourspoonwon’tbeusefulfornoodles.

Asarule,theskiesareblueinJune.

Whatdoyouchoosetodothisafternoon?

Diphthongs（双元音）

[ei]、[ai]、[ɔi]、[ɛə]、[uə]、[iə]、[au]、[əu]

Introduction

ThereareeightdiphthongsinEnglish.Theyaresoundswhichconsistof____________________________

Themostimportantthingstorememberis____________________________

[ei]

1.口形由/e/向/i/滑动,注意双元音的一般发音规则.

2.发音过程中下鄂稍稍向上合拢,舌位也随之稍稍抬高.

name,cake,late,state,able,place,mainly,arrange,radio,decade

[ai]：

Kite,fight,guide,write,mind,unite,High,apply,define,divides,neither,Provide,finally

[ɔi]:

Soil,noise,voice,join,coin,choice,toil

[əu]:

Soap,note,throw,show,know,low,over,old,most,only,those

[au]:

Out,south,round,found,about,amount,bound,sound,houses,mountain,thousand,louder

[iə]:

Ear,year,deer,cheer,tear,queer,Merely,nearly,really

[eə]:

There,where,their,fare,square,various,repair,affair

[uə]:

Curious,furious,rural,mature,secure

Phoneticsexercises

Aclearidea

Fairandsquare

Arealhero

Acurioustourist

Theirparents

Repairchairs

Wearandtear

Fairshare

Fromeartoear

Fewerandfewer

Ithinkitisreallyagoodidea.

It’sneartheendoftheyear.

Dearme,theblackbeerisreallydear.

“Hear,hear,”thechairmandeclared.

Marysharestheroomwithagirlwhowearslonghair.

Surely,thediseasecanbecured.

Themayorappearedinthesquare.

Consonants

Stopconsonants

Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedaccordingto

1.thepointsofarticulation;2.themannersofarticulation;3.thestateofthevocalcords

Thepronunciationof/p/and/b/

/p/pork,peace,lip,top/b/bat,bare,cab,herb

/p-b/:

pea-be;pat-bat;cup-cub;mop-mob

Abigpark;boughtabike;paythebill;hopetostop;ontopofthepie

Peterispickingplumsandapples.

Theblack-birdbroughtbackabeautifulbigwormforhisbabies.

Thepronunciationof/t/and/d/

/t/tea;towel;foot;cut/d/dirt;date;sad;ride

/t-d/bet-bed;sight-side;bit-bid

Adarknight;readthecard;cutthebread

Don’tdothat,Tom!

Teddyhurthisfootandwastakentothedoctor.

Thepronunciationof/k/and/g/

/k/key;cat;sick;lock/g/go;girl;big;vague/g-k/bag-back;beg-beck

Akindguide;takealook;goodluck

Takecareofthepenceandthepoundswilltakecareofthemselves.

Exercises:

Fast-foodrestaurantsareverypopular.

Theserviceisfast.

Thefoodisinexpensive.

Thisismoreimportantthanthequalityofthefood.

Theserestaurantsarealsopopular.

Thefoodisalwaysthesame.

Theyeatatacompany’srestaurant.

Therestaurantareinthenorthorsouthofthecity.

Thefoodwillbethesame.

IftheyeatinNewYorkorLondon,itwillstillbethesame.

FastserviceisimportantintheUnitedStates.

LowcostisalsoimportantintheUnitedStates.

About50percentofmarriedwomenworkoutsidethehome.

Manymarriedwomenwithchildrenareworkingoutsidethehome.

Theyaretoobusyandtootiredtocookdinnereverynight.

Fricativesandaffricates

/f//v//θ//ð//s//z//ʃ//ʒ//h//ʧ//ʤ/

/f/and/v/arelabio-dentalsounds.

/f/isvoicelessand/v/isvoiced.Theyarefricativesoundsthatyouproducebyforcingthebreathstreambetweenyouupperteethandlowerlip.

Leaf-leave;safe-save;

Veryfast;anawfulview

Theyarefricativesthatyouproducebysqueezingthebreathstreambetweenyourtongueandteeth.

Breath-breathe;south-southern;bath-bathe

Three-free;thrill-frill;Thin-sin;thought-sought

Somethingisbetterthannothing.

HelefthisfatherandmotherandwentabroadwithhisbrotherArthur.

Theyarefricativesthatyouproducebyforcingairbetweenyourtongueandtheupperorlowerfrontteeth.

Soft,soil,house,pace;Zeal;zip;buzz;gaze;boys;Cease-seize;race-raise

Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.

Youproducethemverymuchlikethe/s/and/z/,exceptthetongueisfartherbackandthelipsarerounded.

Shame;harsh;Treasure;pleasure;confusion;prestige;

Rushedtothegarage;aharshdecision;crushedtheinvasion

Mr.Mashsellsfishandshellfishfreshfromtheocean.

/h/isnotgenerallyaproblemsound

/h/isavoicelessglottal（声门的）fricative.Itissimplyastreamofairfromthelarynx（喉）directedthroughtheopenmouth.

Itisnotfoundinword-finalpositioninEnglishwords.

He;hard;hall;high

Hour;honour;honest;heir;vehicle;exhibit

Howhorrible!

Hughhashurthishandwithaheavyhammer.

/tʃ//dʒ/

Cheap;cheer;choice;Each;watch;torch;Jane;join;large

JanehadchickenandFrenchfriesforlunch.

Justforajoke,wemixedginandgingerwit