高中英语人教版必修一习题课后阅读训练Unit4Period3.docx
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高中英语人教版必修一习题课后阅读训练Unit4Period3
课后阅读训练
Unit4 Period3
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Everyyeartherearehundredsofearthquakesindifferentpartsoftheworld.InSeptember,1923,TokyoandYokohamawerebothdestroyedbyanearthquakeandthefiresthatfollowedit.Theyhadtobecompletelyrebuilt.OneofthemostseriousearthquakeswasinChina’sShaanxiProvincein1556.Itkilledalmostonemillionpeople.
Wemeasureanearthquake’sstrengthontheRichterScale.TheRichterScalewasintroducedin1935inSouthernCaliforniaintheUSA.Itmeasuresearthquakesonascaleofonetoten.Anyearthquakemeasuringfiveormoreisusuallyserious.
TheEarth’scrust（地壳）ismadeupofrockcalledplates.Astheseplatesmove,theysometimescrash（撞）againsteachother,causingthecrusttoquake.IncitiessuchasTokyo,wheresmallquakeshappenquiteoften,manymodernbuildingsaredesignedtobeflexiblesowhentheEarthmoves,theymovewithit.
Earthquakescanalsobreakupgasandoilpipes.Thiscancausefirestobreakout,whichcandoasmuchdamageastheearthquakeitself.Anothereffectofearthquakesistsunamis.Thesearehugewavescreatedbyearthquakesbeneaththesea.Theycanbemanymetreshighandcausegreatdamagetocoastaltownsandcities.China,Japan,RussiaandtheUSAhavethehighestoccurrence（发生）ofearthquakesintheworld.
【语篇概述】中国和日本在历史上都曾发生过强烈的大地震。
地震会给人类带来什么样的危害呢?
1.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.
A.scientistswhostudytheearthquakes
B.ausualnaturaldisaster
C.thewayofmeasuringearthquakes
D.whatpeopleshoulddointheearthquakes
【解析】选B。
主旨大意题。
本文主要介绍了地震这种自然灾害,在世界各地,其实每年都会发生成百上千次地震,故选B。
2.AbouttheearthquakeinShaanxiProvince,whichisNOTtrue?
A.Ithappenedin1556
B.Itkilledalmostonemillionpeople
C.ItwastheonlyearthquakeinChina
D.Itcausedalotofdamage
【解析】选C。
细节理解题。
从第一段最后两句OneofthemostseriousearthquakeswasinChina’sShaanxiProvincein1556.Itkilledalmostonemillionpeople.可知C项错误。
3.Earthquakes_______.
A.happenallovertheworld
B.arenotserious
C.mostpossiblyhappeninJapan
D.don’tcausemuchdamage
【解析】选A。
细节理解题。
通过全文以及常识可知B、C、D三项错误,由短文第一句Everyyeartherearehundredsofearthquakesindifferentpartsoftheworld.可知A项正确。
4.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthattsunamis_______.
A.cancauseearthquakes
B.arecausedbyearthquakes
C.onlyhappenonland
D.areawayofmeasuringearthquakes
【解析】选B。
细节理解题。
从末段第三句Anothereffectofearthquakesistsunamis.可知B项正确。
B
Successfulpeopleininternationalbusinessunderstandtheculturesofothercountriesandlearntochangetheirpracticesindifferentcultures.Theyunderstandtheimportanceofavoidingbusinessdecisionsbasedonmisconceptions—mistakenideas.
Onecauseofmisconceptionsisethnocentrism（民族主义优越感）,thebeliefthatone’sownculture’swayofdoingthingsisbetterthanthewayofothercultures.It’sethnocentrismthatleadstofailureininternationalbusiness.Toavoidethnocentrism,it’snecessarytostudythedifferentelements（组成部分）ofculture:
language,valuesandattitudes,andcustomsandmanners.
Language
Aknowledgeofthelocallanguagecanhelpinternationalbusinesspeopleinfourways.First,peoplecancommunicatedirectly.Second,peopleareusuallymoreopenintheircommunicationwithsomeonewhospeakstheirlanguage.Third,anunderstandingofthelanguageallowspeopletoinfermeaningsthatarenotsaiddirectly.Finally,knowingthelanguagehelpspeopletounderstandtheculturebetter.
Valuesandattitudes
Valuesarepeople’sbasicbeliefsaboutthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong,goodandbad.Anattitudeisawayofthinkingoracting.Valuesandattitudesinfluenceinternationalbusiness.Forexample,manypeopleintheUnitedStatesbelievethatchocolatefromSwitzerlandisbetterthanchocolatefromothercountries,andtheybuyalotofit.
Customsandmanners
Customsarecommonsocialpractices.Mannersarewaysofactingthatthesocietybelievesarepolite.Forexample,intheUnitedStates,itisthecustomtohavesalad（色拉）beforethemaincourseatdinner,notafter.It’snotacceptabletotalkwithfoodinmouthattable.Failuretounderstandthecustomsandmannersofothercountrieswillbringdifficultysellingtheirproducts.OrangejuiceasabreakfastdrinkofanAmericancompanyinFrancedoesn’tsellwellbecausetheFrenchdon’tusuallydrinkjuicewithbreakfast.
【语篇概述】成功的生意人之所以能取得成功,一个重要的原因在于他们理解不同民族的文化,并学会了根据不同的文化而改变自己的行为。
那么,怎样才能避免每个人心中由来已久的“民族优越感”呢?
本文就语言、态度和价值观及风俗习惯等几个方面提出了一些建议。
5.Aknowledgeofthelocallanguageallowsinternationalbusinesspeople_______.
A.tobemoreopenwiththeircustomers
B.tocommunicatewithoutoutsidehelp
C.toexpresstheirthoughtsindirectly
D.tohaveabetterideaoftheirownculture
【解析】选B。
细节理解题。
由第三段中的First,peoplecancommunicatedirectly.一句可知本题选B。
6.TheactofmanypeoplebuyingchocolateofSwitzerlandshowstheroleof_______.
A.manners B.values C.attitudes D.customs
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
根据Valuesandattitudes部分可知本题选C。
7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.MisconceptionsinBusiness
B.BasicBeliefsinBusiness
C.InternationalBusinessCulture
D.SuccessfulInternationalBusiness
【解析】选C。
主旨大意题。
由文章的主题段——第二段大意可知本题选C。
8.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticleistotellpeople_______.
A.howtotakearightattitudeinbusiness
B.howtoavoidmisunderstandingsinbusiness
C.howtousealocallanguageinbusiness
D.howtoactpolitelyandproperlyinbusiness
【解析】选B。
推理判断题。
根据第二段的最后一句Toavoidethnocentrism,it’snecessarytostudythedifferentelementsofculture:
language,valuesandattitudes,andcustomsandmanners.可知本题选B。
C
Pollutiontrappedinsidehomesandotherbuildingskillsmorethan4millionpeopleeachyear.Mostofthesedeathsareinthedevelopingworld,mainlyinAfrica.Onewaytoreducethenumberofdeathsisthroughcookingequipmentbythesun.
CrosbyMenziesisasolarpower（太阳能）expertinSunFireSolutions,aSouthAfricancompany.Hedescribedhislatestsolarcookercalledthe“Sol-4”.“Itisfoursquaremetersofmirrors,sixtoeightmetersinlength.Itisquitealargecooker.WeareverypleasedtohavebuiltthefirstoneinSouthAfrica.”
Solarcookersworkbyreflecting（反射）lightfromthesunofflargemirrors.Themirrorsdirectthelightatacookingpan.Thenthelightheatsthepanwithsolarenergy.CrosbyMenziessaidthesolarcookercanboilwaterinjustfourminutes.Thatisasfastascookingwithnaturalgasorelectricity.Hesaidthecookerisalsomuch“friendlier”thanothermodelsbecausepeopledon’thavetostandinthesuntouseit.
CrosbyMenziessaid,“SunfireonlysoldhundredsofthesolarcookersinSouthAfricabecausealotofpeoplestilldonotknowthatitworks,andweareworkingashardaswecantochangethat.”
Peoplecanpreparemealswithouthavingtocollectfirewoodorspendmoneyoncoal.Theywouldbelesslikelytodevelopbreathingillnessfromharmfulsmoke.
Atpresent,thecookeronlyworkswhenthesunisshining.Butengineersareworkingonawaytomakeitworkwithoutsunlight.
Eachcookercostsabout$2,000,whichisalargeamountofmoneyformostAfricans.
【语篇概述】南非一家公司推出了一款太阳能灶,能有效地减少因家庭污染导致的死亡。
9.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?
A.MostAfricansdieofpollutionfromkitchens.
B.Peopleusesolarcookersindevelopedcountries.
C.Thesolarcookeristhehealthiestcookingequipment.
D.It’snecessaryforAfricanstousegreenpowertocook.
【解析】选D。
推理判断题。
根据第一段后两句Mostofthesedeathsareinthedevelopingworld,mainlyinAfrica.Onewaytoreducethenumberofdeathsisthroughcookingequipmentbythesun.可知,在非洲使用绿色能源做饭是很有必要的。
10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesolarcooker?
A.Itsellsverywell.
B.Itisdifficulttouse.
C.Itcan’tbemovedeasily.
D.Itcanonlybeusedtoboilwater.
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
根据第二段对太阳能灶的描述Itisfoursquaremetersofmirrors,sixtoeightmetersinlength.Itisquitealargecooker.可知,太阳能灶很大,很难移动。
11.Whatisthedisadvantageofusingthesolarcooker?
A.Itisslowtocook.
B.Itcostsmuchtocook.
C.ItcanonlybeusedinAfrica.
D.Itcan’tworkwithoutsunlight.
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段的内容可知,太阳能灶在没有太阳的情况下,不能使用。
12.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?
A.Peoplecan’taffordthesolarcooker.
B.Africansareunwillingtoacceptnewtechnologies.
C.Ithasalongwaytomakethesolarcookerpopular.
D.Deathscausedbypollutionwillbegreatlyreduced.
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
根据第四段中的...alotofpeoplestilldonotknowthatitworks和第六段首句Atpresent,thecookeronlyworkswhenthesunisshining.以及末段Eachcookercostsabout$2,000,whichisalargeamountofmoneyformostAfricans.可知,普及太阳能灶还有很长的路要走。
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tomwenttotheseasidetospendhisholidaylastsummerwithhisfamily.Oneday,hewasswimmingintheriverwhensomeoneshouted,“Lookout,thereis
1._______sharknotfaraway!
”Hearingtheshout,Tomwasscaredtodeathbecausehewas2._______（scare）ofitsdangerouscharacteristic.“Don’tworry,Tom!
”Hisfathersaid,“Butwe’dbettergobacktoourhotelinordertoavoidbeingharmed.”
They3._______（stay）intheseasideforseveralweeks.Thoughtheweatherwasmuchhotter,Tomgotusedto4._______.Everymorning,hegotup5._______
（early）thanhisparentsandwentforbreakfastaheadoftime.Thenhewenttohaveachat6._______hisnewfriend,Jack.NotonlywasJackfamiliarwiththeseaside,buthewasalsoamanwithgoodqualification.Theybecameverygood7._______
（friend）soon.Afterparting,theykept8._______（write）toeachother.Now,Tomstilloften9._______（hear）fromJack.
Theytalkedintheirlettersaboutthingsandpersons10._______theyrememberedintheseaside.
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