高考英语专题复习江苏任务型阅读有详细答案解析.docx

高考英语专题复习江苏任务型阅读有详细答案解析.docx

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高考英语专题复习江苏任务型阅读有详细答案解析

专题10—任务型阅读

1.【2017年高考江苏卷英语】

任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：

请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

每个空格只填一个单词。

PopulationChange

Whyistheworld’spopulationgrowing?

Theanswerisnotwhatyoumightthink.Thereasonfortheexplosionisnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbits,butthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlikeflies.In1900,peoplediedattheaverageageof30.By2000theaverageagewas65.Butwhileincreasinghealthwasatypicalfeatureofthe20thcentury,decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.

Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore,around50%oftheworld’spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementlevel（i.e.2.1birthsperwoman）andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss（especiallysince80%oftheworld’speoplenowliveinsuchnations）,butyou’dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo,whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.

AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina,forinstance.Whatdoesitimply?

First,Chinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationzxxkdeclinehitsthecountry.Second,ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant,economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble.

Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%.Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring?

Nobodyisquitesure,butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdon’tbend,Russia’spopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemen’sbytheyear2050.

InthenorthofIndia,thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates,butinthesouth,wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace,birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal,25%ofIndia’sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030,asixthofthecountry’spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.

Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.AsfortheUSA,itisalmostuniqueamongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from2010—2030.Moreover,theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultit’slikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulationandtowitnessstrongeconomicgrowthoverthelongerterm.

PopulationChange

71.【答案】lower

【解析】根据＂decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st＂可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且much/even/far/alot/alittle等修饰比较级，故填lower。

72.【答案】size/scale

【解析】根据第二段中的＂almostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate＂可知，发达国家人口出生率正在下降，即人口难以维持现有的规模，＂maintain＂一词是做题的依据，故填size/scale。

74.【答案】economic

【解析】接下来几段分别讲了中国、俄罗斯、印度的人口与经济问题，根据＂economicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry＂可知答案。

75.【答案】old/older

【解析】根据＂AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina＂可知，中国可能会迎来年轻劳动力的危机，故填older。

76.【答案】earlier

【解析】根据＂thecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961...butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit＂可知，俄罗斯人口由于缩短的寿命而急剧下降。

77.【答案】living/life

【解析】此处是说，如果俄罗斯人改变他们的生活方式，他们的情况可能会好一些。

78.【答案】equality

【解析】根据倒数第二段中的＂butinthesouth,wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace,birthrateisfallingrapidly＂可知，教育可以降低出生率，因此，可以通过普及教育来抑制人口增长。

79.【答案】immigration

【解析】根据最后一段中的＂Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.＂可知，通过移民来引入外来工人是解决劳动力短缺的一种方法。

80.【答案】compensate

【解析】根据最后一段中的＂Moreover,theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultit’slikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulation＂可知，美国的移民政策将会使劳动力有所增加。

接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺。

2.【江苏省泰州市泰州中学2018届高三上学期开学考试】

任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最拾当的单词。

注意：

每个空格只填一个单词。

请将答案写在答题卡上相应的横线上。

“Thegaokao,China'snationalcollegeentranceexam,iswinningmorerecognitionasawayforuniversitiesoverseastoevaluateChinesestudents,”recruitingofficerssaid.

StanleyNel,vice-presidentofinternationalrelationsattheUniversityofSanFranciscointheUnitedStates,whoisresponsiblefortheuniversity'sadmissionsfromChina,saidhehadhadseveralinquiriesfromUSuniversitiesabouthowtorecruitChinesestudentsonthebasisoftheirgaokaoscores.

TheTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage（TOEFL）andtheScholasticAptitudeTest（SAT）havelongbeentwomustsforstudentsfromothercounties,includingChina,toapplytostudyintheUS.

USF,aprivateuniversityinCalifornia,startedapilotprogramtoacceptChinesestudentsbasedontheirgaokaoscoresin2015.TheideacamefromUSFPresidentPaulFitzgerald'sbeliefthatstandardizedtestsliketheSATarenotverygoodpredictorsofhowwellstudentswilldoattheuniversity."Weareawareofthemanycriticismsthathavebeenmadeofthegaokao,butithastheadvantageofbeingwhateducationalexpertscalla'criterion-referenced'exam:

Ittestswhetherstudentsareabletomasteragivenbodyofknowledge,"hesaid.

Currently,atleastfourhighereducationinstitutionsintheUSarerecruitingChinesestudentsbasedontheirgaokaoperformances.TheIllinoisInstituteofTechnology,aprivateinstitutioninChicago,startedthepracticefirst,in2009.OutsidetheUS,countriesincludingSpain,Italy,Singapore,FranceandAustraliaalsorecognizegaokaoscores.

Morethan200studentsfromChinarequestedaninterviewwithUSFlastyear.74ofthemwereselectedforafollow-upinterview,44receivedoffersand20acceptedtheinvitationandjoinedUSFforthe2015fallsemester.Studentsadmittedinthiswayhavedone"exceptionallywell"inthepastacademicyear,Neladded."TheaverageGPAforallgaokaostudentsisabout3.5outof4.Forallotherstudents—Americanandnon-gaokaointernationalstudents—Americanandnon-gaokaointernationalstudents—theaverageGPAis3.2,"hesaid.

ZhuZihaogainedadmissionincomputersciencesatUSFin2015throughtheprogramandperformedwellinhisfirstacademicyear.HesaidthatstudentswhohadexperiencedChina'sgaokaousuallyhadcomprehensivebasicknowledge,whichhelpsthemexcelinstudies.

Nelsaid,"studentsadmittedthroughChina'sgaokaoarenotonlysmartbutextremelyconscientious（认真的）andhardworking."

"Thisyearwehopetorecruitabout50studentsinthisway,andevenmoreinyearstocome,"hesaid.

Thegaokao

Pastsituation

UniversitiesintheUSevaluatedChinesestudentsaccordingtotwo

（1）___________:

TheTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguageandtheScholasticAptitudeTest.

（2）___________situation

Thegaokaoisincreasingly（3）___________asawayofevaluatingChinesestudentsbyuniversitiesabroad.

（4）___________ofthepeopleconcerned

StanleyNel—thepersonresponsiblefortheuniversity’sadmissionsfromChina

●ChinesestudentshavingreceivedgoodscoresinthegaokaoperformedacademicallywellwhenstudyinginAmerica.

●ChinesestudentsadmittedthroughChina’gaokaoaresmart,conscientiousand（5）___________.

PaulFitzgerald—USFPresident

●Despitethe（6）____________thegaokaohasreceived,ithasitsadvantages.Ittestsstudents’（7）___________tomasteragivenbodyofknowledge.

●Somestandardizedtestscannot（8）___________students’performanceattheuniversitywell.

ZhuZihao—astudentadmittedtoUSFin2015

The（9）___________ofthegaokaoishelpfulfortheperformanceattheuniversitywell.

Futuresituation

MoreChinesestudentswillberecruitedbytheuniversitiesoverseas（10）___________ontheirperformanceinthegaokao.

【答案】1.musts2.Present/Current3.recognized4.Opinions/Views/Ideas/Beliefs5.hardworking

6.criticisms7.ability8.predict9.experience10.based

【分析】

1.信息查找题。

根据TheTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguageandtheScholasticAptitudeTest.可以定位到原文的第三段TheTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage（TOEFL）andtheScholasticAptitudeTest（SAT）havelongbeentwomusts…所以填原词musts“必要条件”。

2.信息查找题。

根据universitiesabroad可以定位到原文第五段Currently,atleastfourhighereducationinstitutionsintheUSarerecruitingChinesestudentsbasedontheirgaokaoperformances.可知应该填Current/Presentsituation现状。

3.信息查找题。

根据原文第一段，可知将recognition替换成表格中的berecognizedas被当成，被认可。

4.总结概括题。

根据表格右侧的内容可知，左侧应该是总结：

相关人物的观点，故填Opinions/Views/Ideas/Beliefs。

5.信息查找题。

根据conscientious可以定位原文最后一段：

notonlysmartbutextremelyconscientious（认真的）andhardworking.

6.信息查找题。

根据PaulFitzgerald可以定位到原文第四段，其中Weareawareofthemanycriticismsthathavebeenmadeofthegaokao,butithastheadvantageofbeingwhateducationalexpertscalla'criterion-referenced'exam:

。

but作为转折可以替换成despiteofcriticism。

7.信息查找题。

根据第四段的最后一句Ittestswhetherstudentsareabletomasteragivenbodyofknowledge，将beableto换成ability。

8.信息查找题。

根据standardizedtests可以定位原文的第四段standardizedtestsliketheSATarenotverygoodpredictorsofhowwellstudentswilldoattheuniversity可以得出cannot后填动词原形predict。

9.信息查找题。

根据Zhuzihao可以定位到倒数第二段Hesaidthatstudentswhohadexperienced