完整word版英国文学史及选读复习资料整理word文档良心出品文档格式.docx

完整word版英国文学史及选读复习资料整理word文档良心出品文档格式.docx

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notaChristianbutapaganpoemofalladvancedpagancivilization,

Theuseofthestrongstressandthepredominanceofconsonantsareverynotableinthispoem.Eachlineisdividedintotwohalves,andeachhalfhastwoheavystresses

Theuseofalliterationisanothernotablefeatureandmakesthestressesmoreemphatic.

Therearealotofmetaphorsandunderstatementsinthispoem

Anglo-NormanPeriod

（1066-1350）

Theliterature

•TheGrowthoftheArthurianLegends

•ThelegendsofKingArthurandhisknightshadexistedasanoraltraditionsincethetimeoftheCelts.

•JohnWycliffe（1320-1384）

•thefirstmanwhoattemptedtotranslatetheBiblefromsonorousLatinintoEnglish.

•ChansondeRoland罗兰之歌

WilliamLangland

SirGawainandtheGreenKnight

GeoffreyChaucer（1340-1400）

Chaucer’scontributiontoEnglishLiteratureandLanguage

⏹the“fatherofEnglishpoetry”

⏹thefirstmostsignificantpoetinEnglishliteraryhistorytowriteinMiddleEnglish

⏹the“heroiccouplet”

⏹didmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthefoundationforthemodernEnglishlanguage

PopularBallads大众民谣

代表人物：

BishopThomasPercy托马斯.帕希主教

代表作：

RobinHoodandAllin-a-Dale罗宾汉和阿林代尔

TheRenaissance

ThePre-ElizabathanPeriod（1400-1557）

ThomasMore托马斯.莫尔Utopia乌托邦

TheElizabethanAge

EdmundSpenser（1552-1599）

•TheShepheardesCalendar；

TheFaerieQueene

PhilipSidney

•Arcadia；

AstrophelandStella

ChristopherMarloweblankverse

•TamburlainetheGreat；

TheJewofMalta；

TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus

•

WilliamShakespeare

⏹ThemostpopularandthemostwidelyrespectedwriterinallEnglishliterature

Comedies:

⏹AMidsummerNight’sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,AsYouLikeIt,TwelfthNight.

Tragedies:

⏹Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.

Sonnet:

a“physical”poet；

154innumber

1-126addressestoayoungman127-152toamysterious“DarkLady153-154aretranslationoradaptationsofsomeGreekepigram.

Ofstudies

Inwhatsensedoesreadingmakeafullman?

Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforabilities.Butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshalingofaffairs,comebestfromthosethatarelearned.Studiesperfectnature,andisperfectedbyexperience.Thereisnostondorimpedimentinthewitbutmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies.Studiescantrain（shape）aperson’scharacterandmakeupaperson’sdeficiencies.Everydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceipt

The17thCentury

ABriefIntroductionofthe17thcentury

⏹Thecontradictionsbetweenthefeudalsystemandbourgeoisie

⏹JamesI：

1603-1625politicalandreligioustyranny

⏹CharlesI:

1625-1649

⏹OliverCromwell:

commonwealthprotector:

1653-1658

⏹CharlesII:

1660-1688theRestoration

⏹JamesII：

1685-1688

⏹WilliamofOranges:

1688-1702“GloriousRevolution”

⏹TheBillofRights权利法案：

1689

JohnDonne

TheFlea

MetaphysicalPoetry

HolySonnet10

Song

AValediction:

ForbiddingMourning别离辞：

节哀

JohnMilton

⏹theearlyphaseofreadingandlyricwriting

⏹themiddlephaseofserviceinthePuritanRevolutionandthepamphleteeringforit

⏹thelast---thegreatest---phaseofepicwriting

ParadiseLost

---thegreatepic

ParadiseRegained；

SamsonAgonistes

JohnBunyan

ThePilgrim’sProgress（essay）

The18th-centuryLiterature

TheRiseofEnglishNovels

Thehistoricalbackground

|Comparingwiththe17thcentury,the18thcenturyisaperiodforpeacefuldevelopment.

|Theconstitutionalmonarchyhasbeensetupbyparliamentin1688.

|Englandgrewfromasecondratecountrytoapowerfulnavalcountryinthiscentury.

|Withtheascentofthebourgeoisieculturallifehadundergoneremarkablechanges.

|TheriseoftheEnglishnovel.

DanielDefoeRobinsonCrusoe

JonathanSwift

TheBattleoftheBooks;

《书籍之战》

TheTaleofaTub;

《一只桶的故事》

TheDrapier’sLetter;

《布商来信》

AModestProposal;

《一个温和的建议》

JournaltoStella;

《给斯黛拉的日记》

Gulliver’sTravel.《格列夫游记》

Satiricalfeatures

⏹Swiftofferedanopportunityofself-scrutiny.（自我审视）

⏹TheLilliputians（小人国居民）andtheirinstitutionswereallaboutpeopleandtheirinstitutionsofEngland.

⏹TheBrobdingnagianswereincredibleUtopians.

⏹Thescientistsandphilosophersrepresentedtheextremesoffutiletheorizingandspeculationsinallareasofactivitysuchasscience,politics,andeconomicswiththeirinstinct-killingtendencies.

⏹ThepictureoftheYahoosmadeaclearstatementaboutmanandhisnature.

HenryFielding

TomJohnson

Socialsignificance

Thewritershowshisstronghatredforallthehypocrisyandtreacheryinthesocietyofhisageandhissympathyforthecourageousyoungrebelsintheirrighteousstruggle

The18th-centuryLiterature（II）

TheAgeofEnlightenmentinEngland

Therapiddevelopmentofsociallife

•Ontheeconomicscene,thecountrybecameincreasinglyaffluent.

•Onthepoliticalscene,afragileofbalancebetweenthemonarchandthemiddleclassexisted.

•Onthereligiousscene,deismcameintoexistence

代表

ThomasGray

ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard

●amasterpieceoflyric

●Theme:

asentimentalmeditationuponlifeanddeath,esp.ofthecommonruralpeople,whoselife,thoughsimpleandcrude,hasbeenfullofrealhappinessandmeaning

●Poeticpattern:

quatrainsofiambicpentameterlinesrhymingABAB

●Mood:

melancholy,calm,meditative

●Style:

neoclassic

---vividvisualpainting,

---musical/rhythmic,

---controlledandrestrained,

---polishedlanguage

Section1Itsetsthesceneforthepoet’svisittothechurchyard.Itisenvelopedingloomandgrief,whichisarchetypalofgraveyard,poets’fascinationwithnight,graves,anddeath.Thetoneisechoedbythelastpartofthepoem

●Section2Ittellsaboutthepeopleentombedthereandrecallstheirlifeexperiences.Whenthe“rudeforefathersofthehamlet”lived.Theygotupearlyatthetwitteringofswallows,orarooster’swake-upcallorahunter’shorn,enjoyedfamilyblisswithwifeandkidsintheevening,orwerehappilybusywithfarmworkinthefields,butnowthattheylieintheir“narrowcells”,their“usefultoil”and“homelyjoys”happennomore.Thetoneisoneofmelancholyandregretforthedead.

●Section3Itwarnstherichandpowerfulnottodespisethepoorsinceallareequalinfaceofdeathandthegravelevelsoffalldistinction.Allnobility,power,andwealth“awaitalike”theinevitableendand“thepathsofgloryleadbuttothegrave”.Nothingcould

●everbringanythingbacktolife.

Section4

●Itexpresses,ontheonehand,thepoet’sregretthattheirlifehadnotbeencongenialtothegrowthandfullplayofthepoorfarmers’nativegiftsandtalentsand,ontheother,hisfeelingof“ablessingindisguise”fortheminthesensethat,becausetheydidnotcommitanycrimestohumankindnorhavetoplaytheobsequioussocialclimberagainstone’sintegrity.

Section5

●Itassertsthenotionthat,eventhoughtheylivedalesseventfullife,thereisnoreasontoforgetthesefarmers.

Section6

●Itportraysthescenariothatthepoetenvisionswouldhappenafterhisowndeath.Avillagerwouldsayofhim:

hegotupearlytogouphilltothelawnandlaytheremeditatingunderthetreeuntilnoon.Hewouldwanderinthewood,smilingatonemoment,mutteringtohimselfatthenext,sadandpale,likeone“inhopelesslove”.Thenforacoupleofdayshedidnotshowup,andonthethirddayhewasburiedinthechurchyard.

Section7

●Asheshowssympathyforthepoor,hegainsthefriendshipofmanandGod.Heasksthepassers-bynottogettoknowanymoreabouthismeritsandweaknessesashewaitsinhisgraveforGod’sjudgment.

●Thepoemtouchesthereaderstothequickwithitsnotablesadness

OliverGoldsmith’s

《TheVicarofWakefield》

•Pre-RomanticPoems（I）

WilliamBlake

TheSongsofExperience；

THELAMB；

TheTyger；

TheSickRose

RobertBurns

⏹1）Politicalpoems---TheTreeofLiberty;

⏹2）Satiricalpoems---HolyWillie’sPrayer,TwoDogs

⏹3）Lyrics---MyHeart’sintheHighlands,ARed,RedRose,AuldLangSyne

Burns’spositionandhisfeatures

⏹AgreatScottishpeasantpoet;

anationalpoetofScotland

⏹NumerousareBurns’ssongsofloveandfriendship.

⏹Hisgreatsuccesswaslargelyduetohiscomprehensiveknowledgeandexcellentmasteryoftheoldsongtraditions.

⏹Hispoetryhaveamusicalqualitythathelpstoperpetuatethesentiment

BurnsusheredatendencythatprevailedduringthehightimeofRomanticism

TheRomanticPeriod（I）

⏹“TheLakers”：

湖畔诗人

WilliamWordsworth

SamuelColeridge

RobertSouthey

•WilliamWordsworth

•LyricalBallads；

LinesWritteninEarlySpring；

TotheCuckoo；

TheDaffodilsIWanderedLonelyasaCloud；

MyHeartLeapsUp；

IntimationsofImmortality不朽颂LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey

CommentsonWordsworth

Wordsworth’spoetryisdistinguishedbysimplicityandpurityofhislanguagewhichwasspokenbythepeasantswhoconveytheirfeelingsandemotionsinsimpleandunelaboratedexpressions.

•GeorgeGordonByron

•ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage；

DonJuan；

SheWalksinBeauty

•WhatisByronichero?

•Byron’schiefcontributiontoEnglishpoetry.

•Suchaheroisaproud,rebelliousfigureofnobleorigin.Passionateandpowerful,heisrighttoallthewrongsinacorruptedsociety,andhewould