英语四级真题 第三套Word文档下载推荐.docx

英语四级真题 第三套Word文档下载推荐.docx

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　　Asclericalloadsincreased,"

somethinghadto_____（29）,andthatwasalwaysfacetimewithpatients,"

saysDr.BhaktiPatel,aformerchiefresidentintheUniversityofChicago'

sinternal-medicineprogram.Infall2010,shehelped_____（30）apilotprojectinChicagotoseeiftheiPadcouldimproveworkingconditionsandpatientcare.Theexperimentwasso_____（31）thatallinternal-medicineprogramadoptedthesame_____（32）in2011.MedicalschoolsatYaleandStanfordnowhavepaperless,iPad-basedcurriculums."

You'

llwantaniPadjustsoyoucanwearthis"

isthesloganforoneofthenewlabcoats_____（33）withlargepocketstoaccommodatetabletcomputers.

　　AstudyoftheUniversityofChicagoiPadprojectfoundthatpatientsgottestsand_____（34）fasteriftheywerecaredforbyiPad-equippedresidents.Manypatientsalso_____（35）abetterunderstandingoftheillnessesthatlandedtheminthehospitalinthefirstplace.

A.dependent

B.designed

C.fast

D.flying

E.gained

F.give

G.growing

H.launch

I.policy

J.prospect

K.rather

L.reliable

M.signal

N.successful

O.treatments

SectionB

AncientGreekWisdomInspiresGuidelinestoGoodLife

[A]Isitpossibletoenjoyapeacefullifeinaworldthatisincreasinglychallengedbythreatsanduncertaintiesfromwars,terrorism,economiccrisesandawidespreadoutbreakofinfectiousdiseases?

Theanswerisyes,accordingtoanewbookThe10GoldenRules:

AncientWisdomfromtheGreekPhilosophersonLivingaGoodLife.Thebookisco-authoredbyLongIslandUniversity'

sphilosophyprofessorMichaelSoupiosandeconomicsprofessorPanosMourdoukoutas.

[B]ThewisdomoftheancientGreekphilosophersistimeless,saysSoupios.Thephilosophyprofessorsaysitisasrelevanttodayaswhenitwasfirstwrittenmanycenturiesago."

Thereisnoexpiration（失效）dateonwisdom,"

hesays"

Thereisnoshelflifeonintelligence.Ithinkthatthingshavebecomeverygloomytheseday,lotsofmisunderstanding,misleadingcues,alotofwhattheancientswouldhavecalledsophistry（诡辩）.ThenicethingaboutancientphilosophyasofferedbytheGreeksisthattheytendedtoseelifeclearandwhole,inawaythatwetendnottoseelifetoday."

Examineyourlife

[C]Soupies,alongwithhisco-authorPanosMourdoukoutas,developedtheir10goldenrulesbyturningtothemenbehindthatphilosophy-Aristotle,Socrates,EpictetusandPythagoras,amongothers.Thefirstrule-examineyourlife-isthecommonthreadthatrunsthroughtheentirebook.SoupiossaysthatitisbasedonPlato'

sobservationthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving."

TheGreekarealwaysconcernedaboutboxingthemselvesin,intermsofconvictions（信念）,"

hesays."

Sotakeastepback,switchofftheautomaticpilotandactuallystopandreflectaboutthingslikeourpriorities,ourvalues,andourrelationships."

Stopworryingaboutwhatyoucannotcontrol

[D]Aswebegintoexamineourlife,Soupiossays,wecometoRuleNo.2:

Worryonlyaboutthingsthatyoucancontrol."

TheindividualwhopromotedthisideawasaStoicphilosopherHisnameisEpictetus,"

hesays."

AndwhattheStoicssayingeneralissimplythis.Thereisalargerplaninlife.Youarenotreallygoingtobeabletounderstandallofthedimerisionsofthisplan.Youarenotgoingtobeabletocontrolthedimensionsofthisplan."

[E]So,Soupiosexplains,itisnotworthittowasteourphysical,intellectualandspiritualenergyworryingaboutthingsthatarebeyondourcontrol."

IcannotcontrolwhetherornotIwindupgettingthediseaseswineflu,forexample."

Hesays."

Imean,therearesomecautioussteps.Icantake,butultimatelyIcannotguaranteemyselfthat.SowhatEpictetuswouldsayissittingathomeworryingaboutthatwouldbewrongandwasterfulandirrational.Youshouldliveyourlifeattemptingtoidentifyandcontrolthosethingswhichyoucangenuinelycontrol."

Seektruepleasure

[F]Tohaveameaningful,happylifeweneedfriends.ButaccordingtoAristotle-astudentofPlatoandteacherofAlexandertheGreat-mostrelationshipsdon'

tqualifyastruefriendships."

JustbecauseIhaveabusinessrelationshipwithanindividualandIcanprofitfromthatrelationship,itdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthispersonismyfriend."

Soupiossays."

Realfriendshipiswhentwoindividualssharethesamesoul.ItisabeautifulanduncharacteristicallypocticimagethatAristotleoffers."

[G]Inourpursuitofthegoodlife,hesays,itisimportanttoseekouttruepleasures-advicewhichwasoriginallyofferedbyEpicurus.ButunlikethemoderndefinitionofEpicureanismasalifeofindulgence（放纵）andluxury,fortheancientGreeks,itmeantfindingastateofcalm,peaceandmentalcase.

[H]"

ThiswasthehighestandmostdesirableformofpleasureandhappinessfortheancientEpicureans."

Thisissomethingthatisverymuchwellworthconsideringhereinthemodernera.Idonotthinkthatwespendnearlyenoughtimetryingtoconcentrateonachievingasortofcalmness,asortofcontentmentinmentalandspiritual,whichwasidentifiedbythesepeopleasthegighestformofhappinessandpleasure."

Dogoodtoothers

[I]Othergoldenrulescounselustomasterourselves,toavoidexcessandnottobeaprosperous（发迹的）fool.Therearealsorulesdealingwithinterpersonalrelationships.Bearesponsiblehumanbeinganddonotdoevilthingstoothers.

[J]"

ThisisHesiod,ofcourse,ayoungercontemporarypoet,webelieve,withHomer,"

Hesiodoffersanidea-whichyouveryoftenfindinsomeoftheword'

sgreatreligions,intheJudeo-ChristiantraditionandinIslamanothers-thatinsomesense,whenyouhurtanotherhumanbeing,youhurtyourself.Thatdamagingotherpeopleinyourcommunityandinyourlife,trashingrelationships,resultsinakindofself-inflicted（自己招致的）spiritualwound."

[K]Instead,Soupiossays,ancientwisdomurgesustodogood.GoldenRuleNo.10foragoodlifeisthatkindnesstowardotherstendstoberewarded.

[L]"

ThisisAesop,thefabulist（寓言家）,themanofthesecharminglittletales,oftentoldintermsofanimalsandanimalrelationships."

IthinkwhatAesopwassuggestingisthatwhenyouofferagoodturntoanotherhumanbeing.Onecanhopethatthatgooddeedwillcomebackandsortofpayaprofittoyou,thedoerofthegooddeed.Evenifthereisnoconcretebenefitpaidinresponsetoyougooddeed.Attheveryleast,thedoerofthegooddeedhastheopportunitytoenjoyakindofspirituallyenlightenedmoment."

[M]Soupiossayfollowingthe10GoldenRulesbasedonancientwisdomcanguideustothepathofthegoodlifewherewestoplivingasonlookersandbecomeengagedandhappierhumanbeings.Andthat,henotes,isalifeworthliving.

36.AccordingtoanancientGreekphilosopher,itisimpossibleforustounderstandeveryaspectofourlife.

37.AncientPhilosopherssawlifeinadifferentlightfrompeopleoftoday.

38.Notallyourbusinesspartnersareyoursoulmates.

49.Wecanliveapeacefullifedespitethevariouschallengesofthemodernworld.

40.Thedoerofagooddeedcanfeelspirituallyrewardedevenwhentheygainnoconcretebenefits.

41.Howtoachievemeatalcalmnessandcontentmentiswellworthourconsiderationtoday.

42.MichaelSoupiossuggeststhatweshouldstopandthinkcarefullyaboutourprioritiesinlife.

43.Ancientphilosophersstronglyadvisethatwedogood.

44.ThewiseteachingsofancientGreekthinkersaretimeless,andareapplicabletocontemporarylife.

45.Doharmtoothersandyoudoharmtoyourself.

　　SectionC

　　PassageOne

　　Attitudestowardnewtechnologiesoftenalonggenerationallines.Thatis,generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalshift.

　　Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesn'

tseemtobeacleargenerationaldivide.Thepublicoverallissplitonwhetherthey'

dliketouseadriverlesscar.Inastudylastyear,ofallpeoplesurveyed,48percentsaidtheywantedtorideinone,while50percentdidnot.

　　Thefacethatattitudestowardself-drivingcarsappeartobesosteadyacrossgenerationssuggestshowtransformativetheshifttodriverlesscarscouldbe.Noteveryonewantsadriverlesscarnow-andnoonecangetoneyet-butamongthosewhoareopentothem,everyagegroupissimilarlyengaged.

　　Actually,thisisn'

tsurprising.Whereasoldergenerationsaresometimereluctanttoadoptnewtechnologies,driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedmobilityordifficultydrivingontheirown,areoneoftheclassicuseeasesfordriverlesscars.

　　Thisisespeciallyinterestingwhenyouconsiderthatyoungerpeoplearegenerallymoreinterestedintravel-relatedtechnologiesthanolderones.

　　Whenitcomestodriverlesscars,differencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedtoage.Collegegraduates,forexample,areparticularlyinterestedindriverlesscarscomparedwith　　thosewhohavelesseducation,59percent