高考英语一轮复习 专题突破 第Ⅱ题 专题四 词义猜测.docx
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高考英语一轮复习专题突破第Ⅱ题专题四词义猜测
专题四 词义猜测
命题特点
利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力。
考查重点
（1）生词的语境猜测。
（2）词组及短语的指代。
设问方式
（1）Theword“...”refersto...
（2）Theunderlinedphrasemeans...
（3）Bysaying“...”wemean...
（4）Theexpression“...”standsfor...
方法技巧
（1）利用上下文，通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词进行判断；
（2）利用定语从句、同位语从句等进行判断；
（3）根据关联词，如but，however，notonly...butalso等进行判断；
（4）利用构词法进行判断。
Passage1
Wouldyoueatareadymealfromthefridgeratherthancookfromscratch？
HaveyoubeendoingInternetshoppingratherthangoingtothestores？
Whatcan'tyoubebotheredtodo?
AstudyintohowlazyBritishpeoplearehasfoundmorethanhalfofadultsaresolazythatthey'dcatchtheliftratherthanclimbtwoflightsofstairs.
Justover2，000peoplewerequizzedbyindependentresearchersatNuffieldHealth，Britain'slargesthealthcharity.Theresultswereastonishing.
Aboutoneinsixpeoplesurveyedsaidiftheirremotecontrolwasbroken，theywouldcontinuewatchingthesamechannelratherthangetup.
Morethanonethirdofthosequestionedsaidtheywouldnotruntocatchabus.Worryingly,ofthe654respondentswithchildren，64%saidtheywereoftentootiredtoplaywiththem.
Thisledthereporttoconcludethatit'snowonderthatoneinsixchildrenintheUKareclassifiedasobese（veryfat）beforetheystartschool.
Dr.Sara
hDauncey，medicaldirectorofNuffieldHealth,said，“Peopleneedtogetfitter，notjustfortheirownsake，butforthesakeoftheirfamilies，friendsandevidentlytheirpets,too.
“Ifwedon'tstarttotakecontrolofthisproblem,awholegenerationwillbecometoounfittoperformeventhemostrudimentaryoftasks.”
AndScotland'slargestcity，Glasgow，wasshamedasthemostinactivecityintheUK,with75%surveyedadmittingtheydonotgetenoughexercise，followedcloselybyBirminghamandSouthampton，bothwith67%.
TheresultscauseseriouschallengesfortheNationalHealthService,whereobesity-relatedillnessessuchasheartdiseaseandcancerhavebeenonasteadyincreaseforthepast40yearsandarecostingbillionsofpoundseveryyear.
1．WhatcauseschildrenintheUKtobeobese?
A．Eatingreadymeals.
B．WatchingTV.
C．DoingInternetshopping.
D．Beinglazy.
【语篇解读】 一项研究发现，英国人太懒惰了，这已造成肥胖等诸多问题，威胁健康。
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第六段“Thisledthereporttoconcludethatit'snowonderthatoneinsixchildrenintheUKareclassifiedasobese（veryfat）beforetheystartschool.”可知，句子中的this指上文提到的英国人的懒惰，所以D项是正确的。
答案：
D
2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A．Britishpeop
learetoolazytodoanything.
B．Internetshoppingwilldoharmtoyourhealth.
C．ManypeoplewouldnotruntocatchabusinBritain.
D．Peopleshouldbemoreactiveandtakeregularexercisetokeepfit.
解析：
推理判断题。
A项意思太绝对；B项在文中找不到依据；C项不是推测出来的，原文已经表明了；既然是由于懒惰造成了肥胖，威胁健康，由此我们可以推测，人们应该活跃起来，加强锻炼，以便有健康的身体，故D项正确。
答案：
D
3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothep
assage?
A．OnesixthofBritishpeopleuseremotecontrolwhenwatchingTV.
B．Peoplewillbenefitnotonlythemselvesbuttheirfamiliesbygettingfit.
C．Fatnesscancausediseasessuchasheartdiseaseandcancer.
D．Morepeoplegetobesity-relatedillnessesnowthan40yearsago.
解析：
细节理解题。
第四段中讲到在被调查的人中大约有六分之一的人说如果他们的遥控器坏了，他们会继续看同一个频道而不是起身去换台，并非是A项所表达的意思，因此此题选A项。
其他选项与原文内容都是吻合的。
答案：
A
4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rudimentary”inPara.8mostprobablymean?
A．basic B．serious
C．vitalD．hard
解析：
词义猜测题。
根据该词所在的语境，句子中使用了too...to...结构，意思是“太不健康而不能做……工作”，再结合选项可知，只有basic“基本的”符合这一语境，其他词用在此处，语意就不通了。
答案：
A
5．AllthefollowingareamongthemostlazycitiesintheUKEXCEPT________．
A．GlasgowB．Birmingham
C．NuffieldD．Southampton
解析：
细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段提到的英国最懒惰城市的排名，C项正确。
答案：
C
Passage2
Intoday'sInternetage,thedemandforonlinegamescontinuestogrow.OnlinecomputergamecentersexistinmanycitiesandtownsthroughoutAsia.Facingthepressuresofschoolandlife,peopletendtothevirtualworld，expectingadiversionfromtheseproblems.Toooften，however，theycanleadtoproblemsandunhealthyaddictions.
ThisismostclearlyseenintheexampleofSouthKorea.Thecountryhastheworld'shigh
estpercentageofhighspeedInternetservices.Italsohasahighnumberofonlinegameplayersandrelatedproblems.Itwasoncereportedthatayoungmancollapsed（突然晕倒）anddiedwhileplayingonlinegames.Hehadbeenplayingalmostnonstopfor86hoursatanInternetcafe.Anotheryoungmankilledhissisterafterbecomingconfusedbetweentheonlineworldandreallife.A12-year-oldboystole$16，000fromhisfatherandranawayfromhome.Hedidthistocontinuehisobsession（着迷）withonlinegames.Suchproblems,however，don'tjusthappeninSouthKorea.TheyarespreadingtootherpartsofAsia，aswell.
Whatkindsofpeopledeveloponlinegameaddiction？
Whatdoestheproblemlooklike?
DrSueHui，aclinicalpsychologist，researchesInternetaddiction.Shediscoveredsomesignsofat－riskindividualssuchaslackingfriendshipandgoodsocialskills.Thoseproblemindividualsfeelitsocompulsivetoplayonlinegamesthattheycouldsacrificethingssuchasschoolandfamily.Theyfeeltheneedtospendmoreandmoretimeonline.Andtheybecomeupsetifanyonetriestolimittheironlinegameplaying.
Howmanyproblemgameplayersarethere?
InmainlandChina，thepotentialnumberofproblemonlinegamersisalarming.Justin2004，Chinahashad13.8milliononlinegameplayersaccordingtoChinaDaily.Furthermore，itstatedthat80percentofthesewereunder25andhadsignsofaddiction.SuchnumberspointtowardagrowingproblemamongChineseyouth.
Makesuretokeepcontroloveryouronlinegameplaying.Ifyoudon'tcontrolit，itcangetcontrolofyou.
1．Theunderlinedword“diversion”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________．
A．solutionB．comfort
C．escapeD．support
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了沉迷网络游戏所引起的问题。
解析：
词义猜测题。
diversion意为“转移”，在文中意指人们通过虚拟世界来逃避现实，故选C。
答案：
C
2．Theexamplesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat________．
A．thesideeffectsarecausedbyhighspeedInternetservices
B．onlinegameplayingcanevencausedeath
C．onlinegameshavecausedmuchdamagetoyoungpeople
D．theteenageboycan'tresistthetemptationoftheonlinegames
解析：
细节理解题。
第二段通过三个年轻人的例子来说明了网络游戏对年轻人的负面影响，故选C。
答案：
C
3．AccordingtoDrSueHui，whatcanwedotopreventgameaddiction?
A．LimitthespeedoftheInternetservices.
B．Sacrificethingssuchasschoolandfamily.
C．Spendmoreandmoretimeonline.
D．Caremuchfortheyoungandimprovetheirabilitytogetalongwithothers.
解析：
推理判断题。
根
据SueHui的研究，沉迷于网络的人缺少友谊和人际交往，故可推断增强个人的交往能力可以防治网瘾。
答案：
D
4．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________．
A．thedemandforonlineservicescontinuestogrow
B．Chinaisfightingabattleagai
nstonlinegames
C．theproblemscausedbyonlinegamesdon'tjustexistinSouthKorea
D．intheyear2004therewereatotalof13.8millionChinesevisitingtheInternet
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第二段最后一句可知答案。
答案：
C
5．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?
A．InternetProblem
B．AddictiontoOnlineGames
C．ProblemPeopleintheWorld
D．OnlineGamesCanControlPeople
解析：
主旨大意题。
全文讲述的是网瘾的问题，故B项最符合文意。
答案：
B
Passage3
Heisonly12yearsoldbutUtkarshTripathibringsoutahandwrittennewspapereveryweekonmattersliketheenvironmentandwomenfoeticide（堕胎）．Hedoesallthistosatisfyhiswishto“servethecountry”．
AClass8studentoftheBrijBihariSahaiInterCollegeinAllahabad，UtkarshhasbeenbringingoutthenewspaperJagritiforthelastoneyear.
Andforthefour-page，black-and-whitenewspaper，Utkarshnotonlytakestheroleofareporter，editorandpublisher，butalsogivesitfreeofcharge.
Jagritihasabout150readersbelongingtovariousagegroupsinAllahabad，some200kmfromthestatecapitalLucknow.“ChildrenmakeupmajorJagritireaders...myschoolfriends，myseniorsinschool，teachersandalsomyneighbours，”hesaid.
AccordingtoUtkarsh'sfatherHariPr
asad，whorunsacoachinginstitute，hissonhasagiftforwritingandwantstoservethecountryinsomeway.
“Morethantwoyearsago,hebegantoreadarticlesinHindiDaily.Onedayhesaidthathewantedtostartservingsocietyfromhisschoollifeitself.Ithensuggestedwhynotworklikeajournalistandmakepeopleknowtheirrights，”headded.UtkarshtookthesuggestionseriouslyandcameupwithJagriti.
“Itrytoc
oversocialissuesaboutenvironment，womenfoeticideandothersintheeditorialsection，andalsoinformationaboutpublicwelfareplansandimportantgovernmentpoliciesforthebettermentofthepoororchildren.”Utkarshsaid.
Jagritialsohassuccessstoriesofscientists,politicalleadersandotheroutstandingpeople.
Buthowdoeshegettimefromhisstudiestobringoutaweeklynewspaper?
“Ibelieveifanyoneis_passionate_aboutsomething,heorshecantakeoutsometimetorealizehisdream.”Utkarshreplied.
Utkarsh'seffortsaremuchappreciatedbypeopleinAllahabad.
NutanDevi，alocaljournalist,said，“Formeit'srealjournalism...Ithasrenewedtheobjective（宗旨）ofjournalismthatseemstohavenowgotlostsomewhere.”
1．Accordingtothetext，UtkarshTripathi________．
A．madethefirstnewspaperabouttwoyearsago
B．islearningjournalismatacollegeinAllahabad
C．wantstoc
ontributetosociety
D．livesinAllahabad，thestatecapital
【语篇解读】 本文报道了一个12岁的孩子独立办报的故事。
解析：
细节理解题。
由第一段末句的“servethecountry”及下文出现的“servingsociety”可知C项正确。
答案：
C
2．WhoaremostlikelytobeinterestedinJagriti?
A．Adults，especiallytheelderly.
B．Localjournalists.
C．Children,especiallyUtkarsh'sschoolmates.
D．WomenaroundUtkarsh.
解析：
细节理解题。
由第四段“ChildrenmakeupmajorJagritireaders...myschoolfriends，myseniorsinschool...”可知，周围的孩子们是主要读者群。
答案：
C
3．Utkarshmadehisnewspaperfollowinghis______suggestion.
A．neighbor
'sB．teacher's
C．schoolfriends'D．father's
解析：
细节理解题。
由第六段可知，Utkarsh独立办报是听了父亲的建议，故D为正确选项。
答案：
D
4．Theunderlinedphrase“isp
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