英语阅读理解科普环保练习题及答案及解析Word文件下载.docx
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Mittermeierisencouragedbythesearchresults.Hecommented,"
Ithinkthere'
saconcernamongconservationists(生态环境保护者)thatpeoplearelosingtouchwiththenaturalworldandthatthey'
renotinteractingwithnativespeciesanymore.Andsointhatsense,itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'
sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature."
RichardGrenyer,AssociateProfessorfromtheUniversityofOxford,sayssearchdataisusefultoconservationbiologists,"
Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:
whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp."
(1)Whathaveresearchersfoundaboutspeciessearches?
A.Theystrengthentiesamongpeople.
B.Theyaffecttheanimalmovements.
C.Theydifferinlanguagebackgrounds.
D.Theyreflectanimalmigrationseasons.
(2)WhatisthepurposeofwritingParagraph3?
A.Tosummarizetheresearchprocess.
B.Tofurthersupporttheresearchfindings.
C.Toshowthevarietyofspeciessearches.
D.Topresentresearchers'
heavyworkload.
(3)HowdoesMittermeierfeelaboutthesearchresults?
A.SatisfiedwithWikipedia'
sservice.
B.WorriedaboutWikipediabehavior.
C.Amazedatpeople'
scareaboutnature.
D.Sadaboutpeople'
snotgettingclosetonature.
(4)WhydoesRichardthinksuchsearchdataisuseful?
A.Ithelpstoaimatconservationtargets.
B.Itincreasesinterestinbigdataapproaches.
C.Itkeepstrackoftrendsinbiologists'
work.
D.Itpushespeopletosolvedifficultproblems.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现,人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。
他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。
这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。
它还展示了一种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然,以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations(迁徙).”可知关于物种搜索,研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。
故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.”可知在维基百科上,许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。
即第三段的写作目的是为了进一步支持研究结果。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'
sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature”可知Mittermeier看到人们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的,感到非常兴奋和意外。
故选C。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:
whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp.”可知Richard认为通过使用这些大数据方法,我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:
哪些物种和地区正在发生变化,哪些人最关心这些问题,哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。
即他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护目标。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
InareasliketheCentralUnitedStatesthatgetlotsoftornadoes,there'
sacommonpieceofcelestial(天上的)fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.Researchhasshownthatitisn'
tquiteassimpleasthat,butscientistshavefoundthatifyouseeagreensky,youshouldprobablygoinside.Asfarasmostscientistscantell,thegreenskiesaroundpowerfulthunderstormsareusuallyacombinationofredsunsetsandwaterdroplets.
Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorterwavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff(反射)airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.Sothebluelightgetsbouncedallovertheskyandlookslikeit'
scomingfromeverywhere.Meanwhile,aroundsunsetsunlighttravelsthroughsomuchatmospherethatjustaboutalltheblueisbouncedawayfromthehorizon,leavingallthoseredsandorangesbehind.Thesunsetmightlookexclusively(独有的)redandorange,butthere'
sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'
swherewatercomesin.
Bigtallthreateningstormcloudsaremadeofwaterdroplets,andeventhoughwaterisbestatreflectingbluelight,itcanstillreflectgreenprettywell,muchbetterthanredsandoranges,sounderjusttherightconditions,thewaterinandaroundacloudcanbouncethegreenlighthiddeninthesunsetrightintooureyesmakingtheskylookgreen.
Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.Soifyouseehugestormcloudsrollinginandagreentint(色调)inthesky,itdoesn'
tnecessarilymeanthere'
sabouttobeatornado,butitdoesmeanyoushouldprobablyheadindoors.
(1)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.
WhyDotheCentralUnitedStatesGetTornadoes
B.
DoGreenSkiesMeanaComingTornado
C.
ACommonPieceofCelestialFortune-telling
D.
GreenSkiesAreUniquetoClouds
(2)Whyaretheskiesblueinthedaytime?
Becauseonlybluelightcanbebouncedinthedaytime.
Becausethereismorebluelightthanlightofothercolors.
Becausebluelightisbouncedalloverthesky.
Becauseredlightisweakerthanbluelight.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"
it"
inparagraph2referto?
Thesunset.
Redlight.
Bluelight.
Water.
(4)Whatcanwelearnaboutfromthetext?
Stormcloudsaremadeofwaterdropletsandgreenlight.
Watercanreflectredlightaswellasbluelight.
Thereareonlyredandorangelightsinthesunsets.
Ifyouseeagreensky,therewillbeatornado.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,科学家发现天空呈现绿色并不是产生龙卷风的云层所独有的,有时它们会导致大量降雨,甚至冰雹,待在室内或许是最好的选择。
(1)考查主旨大意。
通读全文,根据第一段中的“there'
sacommonpieceofcelestial(天上的)fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.”和最后一段中的“Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.”可知,本文主要话题是关注绿色的天空是否意味着即将来临的龙卷风展开的,故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorterwavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff(反射)airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.”可知,白天天空是蓝色,因为蓝色短的波长的可见光会反射空气分子比红色的长波长光。
(3)考查代词指代。
根据第二段中的“Thesunsetmightlookexclusively(独有的)redandorange,butthere'
sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.”可知,选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'
swherewatercomesin.”可知,水既能反射蓝光,也能反射红光,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,代词指代,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor(流星)thatfelltotheearthlastyear.TheobjectswerediscoveredoffthecoastoftheUnitedStatesinthePacificOcean.
ThecrewoftheNautilus,aprivateresearchship,recoveredtherockparticles(颗粒).TheNautilusisoperatedbytheOceanExplorationTrust.Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.
ThesearchwaslaunchedafterUSgovernmentweatherstationsobservedalargemeteoriteexplodingsomemonthsago.Theexplosionlituptheskyandsenttherockparticlestotheearth.ThemeteoritefallwasthelargestrecordedovertheUnitedStatesinatleast20years.TheteamincludesscientistsfromNASA,theOlympicCoastNationalMarineSanctuaryandtheUniversityofWashington.Thescientistsexaminedwhattheybelieveweretwosmallmeteoritefragments.Furthertestingisneededbeforetheycanconfirmthatthematerialcamefromtheexplosion.
TheNautilusisequippedwithtworemotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs),calledHerculesandArgus.Theseroboticsubmarineshelpresearchersfindandcollectmaterialsfromtheseafloor.Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.Forthisreason,scientistsdecidedtolaunchthefirstintentionalsearchformeteoritesfromtheocean.Untilthelatestresearch,scientistshadonlyaccidentallydiscoveredasmallnumberofmeteoritesfromdrillingoperations.
Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.First,meteoriteparticlesarebasicallymadeofglassymaterialsthatdonottendtolastlonginseawater.Secondly,theycamefromwhatlookedlikeasmallholeontheseafloor.Someevidenceshowsthattheycamefroms