英语演讲教程英文版.docx

英语演讲教程英文版.docx

《英语演讲教程英文版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语演讲教程英文版.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

英语演讲教程英文版

英语演讲教程（英文版）

PresentationsandPublicSpeakinginEnglish

Apresentationisaformaltalktooneormorepeoplethat”presents”ideasorinformationinaclear,structuredway.Peoplearesometimesafraidofspeakinginpublic,butifyoufollowafewsimplerules,givingapresentationisactuallyveryeasy.ThistutorialguidesyouthrougheachstageofgivingapresentationinEnglish,fromtheinitialpreparationtotheconclusionandquestionsandanswers.Thistutorialisitselfsetoutlikeamini-presentation.

Preparation

Canyounamethe#mostimportantthingswhengivinganypresentation?

Number#is...Preparation

Number#is...Preparation!

Number#is...Preparation!

!

Preparationiseverything!

Withgoodpreparationandplanningyouwillbetotallyconfidentandlessnervous.Andyouraudiencewillfeelyourconfidence.Youraudience,too,willbeconfident.theywillbeconfidentinyou.Andthiswillgiveyoucontrol.Controlofyouraudienceandofyourpresentation.Withcontrol,youwillbe’’’’incharge’’’’andyouraudiencewilllistenpositivelytoyourmessage.

Objective

Beforeyoustarttoprepareapresentation,youshouldaskyourself:

”WhyamImakingthispresentation?

”Doyouneedtoinform,topersuade,totrainortosell?

Yourobjectiveshouldbeclearinyourmind.Ifitisnotclearinyourmind,itcannotpossiblybecleartoyouraudience.

Audience

“WhoamImakingthispresentationto?

”Sometimesthiswillbeobvious,butnotalways.Youshouldtrytoinformyourself.Howmanypeople?

Whoarethey?

Businesspeople?

Professionalpeople?

Politicalpeople?

Expertsornon-experts?

Willitbeasmall,intimategroupof#colleaguesoralargegatheringof###competitors?

Howmuchdotheyknowalreadyandwhatwilltheyexpectfromyou?

Venue

“WhereamImakingthispresentation?

”Inasmallhotelmeeting-roomoralargeconferencehall?

Whatfacilitiesandequipmentareavailable?

Whataretheseatingarrangements?

Timeandlength

“WhenamImakingthispresentationandhowlongwillitbe?

”Willitbe#minutesor#hour?

Justbeforelunch,whenyouraudiencewillbehungry,orjustafterlunch,whenyouraudiencewillbesleepy?

Method

HowshouldImakethispresentation?

”Whatapproachshouldyouuse?

Formalorinformal?

Lotsofvisualaidsoronlyafew?

Willyouincludesomeanecdotesandhumourforvariety?

Content

“WhatshouldIsay?

”Nowyoumustdecideexactlywhatyouwanttosay.First,youshouldbrainstormyourideas.Youwillnodoubtdiscovermanyideasthatyouwanttoincludeinyourpresentation.Butyoumustbeselective.Youshouldincludeonlyinformationthatisrelevanttoyouraudienceandyourobjective.Youshouldexcludeallotherideas.Youalsoneedtocreateatitleforyourpresentation（ifyouhavenotalreadybeengivenatitle）.Thetitlewillhelpyoutofocusonthesubject.Andyouwillprepareyourvisualaids,ifyouhavedecidedtousethem.Butremember,ingeneral,lessisbetterthanmore（alittleisbetterthanalot）.Youcanalwaysgiveadditionalinformationduringthequestionsafterthepresentation.

Structure

Awellorganisedpresentationwithaclearstructureiseasierfortheaudiencetofollow.Itisthereforemoreeffective.Youshouldorganisethepointsyouwishtomakeinalogicalorder.Mostpresentationsareorganisedinthreeparts,followedbyquestions:

BeginningShortintroductionwelcomeyouraudience

introduceyoursubject

explainthestructureofyourpresentation

explainrulesforquestions

MiddleBodyofpresentationpresentthesubjectitself

EndShortconclusionsummariseyourpresentation

thankyouraudience

invitequestions

QuestionsandAnswers

Notes

Whenyougiveyourpresentation,youshouldbe-orappeartobe-asspontaneousaspossible.Youshouldnotreadyourpresentation!

Youshouldbesofamiliarwithyoursubjectandwiththeinformationthatyouwanttodeliverthatyoudonotneedtoreadatext.Readingatextisboring!

Readingatextwillmakeyouraudiencegotosleep!

Soifyoudon’’’’thaveatexttoread,howcanyouremembertosayeverythingyouneedtosay?

Withnotes.Youcancreateyourownsystemofnotes.Somepeoplemakenotesonsmall,A#cards.Somepeoplewritedownjustthetitleofeachsectionoftheirtalk.Somepeoplewritedownkeywordstoremindthem.Thenoteswillgiveyouconfidence,butbecauseyouwillhavepreparedyourpresentationfully,youmaynotevenneedthem!

Rehearsal

Rehearsalisavitalpartofpreparation.Youshouldleavetimetopractiseyourpresentationtwoorthreetimes.Thiswillhavethefollowingbenefits:

youwillbecomemorefamiliarwithwhatyouwanttosay

youwillidentifyweaknessesinyourpresentation

youwillbeabletopractisedifficultpronunciations

youwillbeabletocheckthetimethatyourpresentationtakesandmakeanynecessarymodifications

Soprepare,prepare,prepare!

Prepareeverything:

words,visualaids,timing,equipment.Rehearseyourpresentationseveraltimesandtimeit.Isittherightlength?

Areyoucompletelyfamiliarwithallyourillustrations?

Aretheyintherightorder?

Doyouknowwhotheaudienceis?

Howmanypeople?

Howwillyouanswerdifficultquestions?

Doyouknowtheroom?

Areyouconfidentabouttheequipment?

Whenyouhaveansweredallthesequestions,youwillbeaconfident,enthusiasticpresenterreadytocommunicatethesubjectofyourpresentationtoaneageraudience.

Equipment

Easilyyourmostimportantpieceofequipmentis...YOU

!

Makesureyou’’’’reinfullworkingorder,andcheckyourpersonalpresentationcarefully-ifyoudon’’’’t,youraudiencewill!

theoverheadprojector（OHP）displaysoverheadtransparencies（OHTsorOHPTs）.Ithasseveraladvantagesoverthe##mmslideprojector:

itcanbeusedindaylight

theusercanfacetheaudience

theusercanwriteordrawdirectlyonthetransparencywhileinuse

thewhiteboard（morerarelyblackboardorGREenboard）isausefuldeviceforspontaneouswriting-asinbrainstorming,forexample.Forpreparedmaterial,theOHPmightbemoresuitable.Thedusterisusedforcleaningthewhiteboard.Itisessentialthatthedusterbecleantostartwith.Youmayconsidercarryingyourowndusterjustincase.Markersareusedforwritingonthewhiteboard（delible-youcanremovetheink）orflipchart（indelible-youcannotremovetheink）.Theyareusuallyavailableinblue,red,blackandgreen.Again,it’’’’sagoodideatocarryasparesetofmarkersincaseyouaregivensomeusedoneswhichdonotwritewell.”Agoodworkmanneverblameshistools.”Theflipchartconsistsofseveralleavesofpaperthatyou’’’’flip’’’’orturnover.Somepeopleprefertheflipcharttothewhiteboard,butitsuseislimitedtosmallerpresentations.TheSlideprojector-whichmustbeusedinadarkenedroom-addsacertaindrama.Someslideprojectorscanbesynchronisedwithaudioforaudio-visual（AV）presentations.Theseprojectorsaretypicallyusedforlargerpresentations.Themajoritytake##mmslidesortransparencies（asseenhere）,butprojectorsfor#x#cmslidesarealsoavailable.

Transparenciesareprojectedbyanoverheadprojectororaslideprojectorontoascreen-inthiscaseafoldingscreenwhichcanbepackedupandtransported.Thenotebookcomputerisincreasinglybeingusedtodisplaygraphicsduringpresentations.Itisoftenusedinconjunctionwithanoverheadprojector,whichactuallyprojectstheimagefromthecomputerscreenontothewallscreen.Handoutsareanydocumentsorsamplesthatyou’’’’handout’’’’ordistributetoyouraudience.Notethatitisnotusuallyagoodideatodistributehandoutsbeforeyourpresentation.Theaudiencewillreadthehandoutsinsteadoflisteningtoyou.

Delivery

‘‘‘‘Delivery’’’’referstothewayinwhichyouactuallydeliverorperformorgiveyourpresentation.Deliveryisavitalaspectofallpresentations.Deliveryisatleastasimportantascontent,especiallyinamulti-culturalcontext.

Nerves

Mostspeakersarealittlenervousatthebeginningofapresentation.Soitisnormalifyouarenervous.Theansweristopayspecialattentiontothebeginningofyourpresentation.Firstimpressionscount.Thisisthetimewhenyouestablisharapportwithyouraudience.Duringthistime,trytospeakslowlyandcalmly.Youshouldperhapslearnyourintroductionbyheart.Afterafewmoments,youwillrelaxandgainconfidence.

AudienceRapport

Youneedtobuildawarmandfriendlyrelationshipwithyouraudience.Enthusiasmiscontagious.Ifyouareenthusiasticyouraudiencewillbeenthusiastictoo.Andbecarefultoestablisheyecontactwitheachmemberofyouraudience.Eachpersonshouldfeelthatyouarespeakingdirectlytohimorher.Thismeansthatyoumustlookateachpersoninturn-inasnaturalawayaspossible.Thiswillalsogiveyoutheopportunitytodetectsignsofboredom,disinterestorevendisaGREement,allowingyoutomodifyyourpresentationasappropriate.

Yourobjectiveistocommunicate!

BodyLanguage

Whatyoudonotsayisatleastasimportantaswhatyoudosay.Yourbodyisspeakingtoyouraudienceevenbeforeyouopenyourmouth.Yourclothes,yourwalk,yourglasses,yourhaircut,yourexpression-itisfromthesethatyouraudienceformsitsfirstimpressionasyouentertheroom.Generallyspeaking,itisbettertostandratherthansitwhenmakingapresentation.Beawareofandavoidanyrepetitiveandirritatinggestures.Beaware,too,thatthemovementofyourbodyisoneofyourmethodsofcontrol.Whenyoumovetoorfromthewhiteboard,forexample,youcanmovefastorslowly,raisingorreducingthedynamismwithintheaudience.Youcanstandverystillwhiletalkingoryoucanstrollfromsidetoside.Whateffectdoyouthinkthesetwodifferentapproacheswouldhaveonanaudience?

Page#of#）

CulturalConsiderations

BecauseEnglishissowidelyusedaroundtheworld,itisquitepossiblethatmanymembersofyouraudiencewillnotbenativeEnglish-speakers.Inotherwords,theywillnothaveanAnglo-Saxonculture.EvenwithintheAnglo-Saxonworld,therearemanydifferencesinculture.IfwehypotheticallyimagineaGermanworkingforanIsraelicompanymakingapresentationinEnglishtoaJapaneseaudienceinKorea,wecanseethatthereareevenmorepossibilitiesforculturalmisunderstanding.Youshouldtrytolearnaboutanyparticularculturalmattersthatmayaffectyouraudience.Thisisonereasonwhypreparationforyourpresentationissoimportant.Culturaldifferencescanalsobeseeninbodylanguage,whichwehavejustdiscussed.ToaLatinfromSouthernFranceorItaly,apresenterwhouseshishandsandarmswhenspeakingmayseemdynamicandfriendly.ToanEnglishman,thesamepresentermayseemunsureofhiswordsandlackinginself-confidence.

Voicequality

Itis,ofcourse,importantthatyouraudiencebeabletohearyouclearlythroughoutyourpresentation.Rememberthatifyouturnawayfromyouraudience,forexampletowardsthewhiteboard,youneedtospeakalittlemoreloudly.Ingeneral,youshouldtrytovaryyourvoice.Yourvoicewillthenbemoreinterestingforyouraudience.Youcanvaryyourvoiceinatleastthreeways:

speed:

youcanspeakatnormalspeed,youcanspeakfaster,youcanspeakmoreslowly-andyoucanstopcompletely!

Youcanpause.Thisisaverygoodtechniqueforgainingyouraudience’’’’sattention.intonation:

youcanchangethepitchofyourvoice.Youcanspeakinahightone.Youcanspeakinalowtone.volume:

youcanspeakatnormalvolume,youcanspeakloudlyandyoucanspeakquietly.Loweringyourvoiceandspeakingquietlycanagainattractyouraudien